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分詞
1. 現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別主要體現(xiàn)在時(shí)間和語態(tài)上。現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作并表示主動(dòng)的意義，而過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作并表示被動(dòng)的意義。比較： a changing world(一個(gè)變化著的世界);a changed world( 一個(gè)已經(jīng)起變化的世界) surprising news(令人驚訝的消息);surprised people(感到驚訝的人們) 2. 分詞作狀語 作狀語時(shí)，表示時(shí)間、原因、方式、結(jié)果、條件、讓步和伴隨情況等。另外，作狀語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語應(yīng)與句子的主語一致。 Hearing the news, he heaved a sigh of relief. Given another chance, I’ll do it much better. 3. 分詞作定語 分詞常用來修飾名詞或代詞作定語。單個(gè)的分詞作定語時(shí)，通常放在被修飾詞之前;分詞短語作定語時(shí)，通常放在被修飾詞之后。但有些單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語時(shí)，也可放在被修飾詞之后。 He’s a spoilt child. The man standing over there is our new English teacher. Where are we to get the material needed? 4. 分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語 分詞可在感覺動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語。常用的感覺動(dòng)詞主要有：see, hear, notice, watch, find, observe, smell等。常用的使役動(dòng)詞主要有：get, have, keep, leave, set, make, let等。此外，分詞還可在want, like, wish, order等表示希望、要求、命令等意義的動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 She watched her baby sleeping. I got my hair cut. I don’t want you worrying about me.
5. 分詞與連詞的連用
分詞可與各種連詞(如：when, while, once, until, if, unless, though, although, even if, as, as if, as though等)連用。連詞+分詞(短語)的結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語，相當(dāng)于狀語從句。 She’ll get nervous when speaking in public. He went on talking, though continually interrupted. 6. 分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) 分詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語與句子的主語應(yīng)該一致;否則，分詞應(yīng)有自己的邏輯主語，構(gòu)成分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)一般位于句首，作伴隨狀語以及在科技文章中表示附加說明時(shí)，它常位于句末。分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)由名詞、代詞+分詞構(gòu)成，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式或伴隨情況等。 Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Wednesday. Her son having been sent to school, she began to do some shopping. He returned three days later, his face covered with mud and his clothes torn into pieces. There were two parties yesterday evening, each attended by some students. |
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