乡下人产国偷v产偷v自拍,国产午夜片在线观看,婷婷成人亚洲综合国产麻豆,久久综合给合久久狠狠狠9

  • <output id="e9wm2"></output>
    <s id="e9wm2"><nobr id="e9wm2"><ins id="e9wm2"></ins></nobr></s>

    • 分享

      CRI實(shí)用英語課堂系列 Studying Abroad 留學(xué)海外

       祈晴娃娃 2010-08-21

      CRI實(shí)用英語課堂系列 Studying Abroad 留學(xué)海外




      Part 1 Helpful Tips for Choosing a US School   如何選擇學(xué)校
       

          For most Chinese university students, the US is a favorite destination for further education. But apart from obstacles such as the GRE and TOFEL exams, choosing a good graduate school is no easy take. Admission is very competitive for international students, so it's important to apply to a number of institutions to have a reasonable chance of acceptance. Since the application to most universities requires a certain fee, Chinese students usually choose 7 to 15 universities according to their financial circumstances.

          To broaden one's chances, at least one third of the applications should be to less selective schools. Applicants shouldn't limit their choices to the most renowned institutions. Furthermore, one shouldn't rely too much on college rankings. The right school is the one that best meets your own personal needs and interests, rather than someone else's assessment of an institution's prestige.

          Usually choices are based on one's personal interests and academic background, but it's important to make sure that one's chosen subject it catered for. Those who want to transfer to a new field must pass certain exams on the subject first.  

          It is important to make sure that the department has at least some recognition, in the specific field. a well-known professor will be helpful to one's study as well as personal development.

          Sometimes it helps to limit the search to one region of the US, such as the east or the west coast, before looking for schools that match other requirements. The most important factors in choosing a location are climate and living costs.

          Costs are higher in large cities like New York and Boston. In contrast, they are much lower in the south and in cities like Pittsburgh and Seattle.

          The most popular states for international students are New York, California, Massachusetts, Ohio, Florida, Michigan, New Jersey, and Texas.

          選擇學(xué)??梢哉f是申請(qǐng)出國(guó)留學(xué)這萬里長(zhǎng)征的第一步,是否走對(duì)這第一步直接關(guān)系到整個(gè)申請(qǐng)過程是否順利,選擇學(xué)校的失誤可能會(huì)使有著很強(qiáng)的Qualification的人申請(qǐng)幾年仍舊滯留國(guó)內(nèi),相反條件并不優(yōu)越的人卻所向披靡。下面所提的建議也許會(huì)對(duì)你有所幫助: 
      a.首先要正確估計(jì)自己的英語水平,根據(jù)自己的英語情況選擇合適的學(xué)校。
      b.了解所選學(xué)校的教學(xué)、科研水平及專業(yè)設(shè)置情況是否與自己所學(xué)專業(yè)和所從事的研究相近,從而避免因?qū)I(yè)不對(duì)口所帶來的諸多麻煩。
      c.了解學(xué)校的入學(xué)要求、錄取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)情況及申請(qǐng)的截止日期等,客觀地估計(jì)自己是否符合該校的錄取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及條件,有無較強(qiáng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力等。美國(guó)的許多大學(xué)對(duì)外國(guó)學(xué)生入學(xué)都有具體的要求,要注意各校的不同要求。
      d.了解學(xué)校的各種費(fèi)用及經(jīng)濟(jì)資助情況,即你的經(jīng)濟(jì)情況是否能夠支付你在該校的學(xué)習(xí)、生活費(fèi)用。同時(shí),還要注意申請(qǐng)經(jīng)濟(jì)資助的條件和要求,以衡量自己的實(shí)力。e.還要注意學(xué)校所在地的氣候、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等自己能否適應(yīng)。

          要想到美國(guó)留學(xué),第一步自然是要找到美國(guó)大學(xué)和研究院所的基本信息和有關(guān)資料,否則申請(qǐng)留學(xué)的一切事宜均無從談起;第二步則是在眾多的美國(guó)學(xué)校和研究院所中,選擇自己比較喜歡并且條件也較合適的進(jìn)行申請(qǐng)。所以,要到美國(guó)留學(xué),首先要做的工作,一是“找”、二是“選”。比起以前,現(xiàn)代信息社會(huì)使找選美國(guó)大學(xué)和研究院所的工作容易得多、快速得多。

          不過,最現(xiàn)代、最快捷的途徑,是到電腦網(wǎng)站去查找。美國(guó)的許多電腦網(wǎng)站都提供美國(guó)大學(xué)和研究院所的資料,查找起來非常快速方便,而且分類科學(xué)、資料詳盡,很受人們歡迎。我們?cè)诰W(wǎng)站上為大家列出了一些較為著名的美國(guó)院校資料網(wǎng)站,有這方面需要的朋友們可以到上面查詢。

      美國(guó)院校資料網(wǎng)站:

      (1) Yahoo.com(http://www.yahoo.com/edu)網(wǎng)站有大量美國(guó)大學(xué)和研究院所的資料。到該網(wǎng)站上查詢,幾乎美國(guó)所有的高等院校和研究院所都可查到。不過,在該網(wǎng)站搜索引擎進(jìn)行查找,必須逐級(jí)搜索,比較繁瑣,以下電腦網(wǎng)站更專業(yè)化,查找效率更高,不妨一試。

      (2) U.S.NewsOnline(http://www./edu)網(wǎng)站提供有非常詳盡的美國(guó)大學(xué)資料,包括全美大學(xué)的最新排名,各個(gè)大學(xué)的鏈接網(wǎng)址,從中可以查到各學(xué)校的專業(yè)介紹、入學(xué)日期、獎(jiǎng)助學(xué)金提供情況,以及與校方取得聯(lián)系的方法等。同時(shí),該網(wǎng)站還提供美國(guó)大學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)與生活的介紹。申請(qǐng)者可以根據(jù)學(xué)校名稱、專業(yè)或希望就讀的州展開搜索。

      (3)Gradschools.com(http://www.)網(wǎng)站是專門用來查找美國(guó)大學(xué)研究生院的。它按具體的研究專業(yè)、學(xué)科類別和專業(yè)目錄三種分類方式進(jìn)行搜索。對(duì)想去美國(guó)讀研究生的申請(qǐng)者來說,該站點(diǎn)可以幫助找到希望的留學(xué)院校。

      (4)Collegeboard.com(http://www.)網(wǎng)站資料豐富,無論想去讀哪類大學(xué),該網(wǎng)站都能給於滿意的結(jié)果。查找者可根據(jù)希望攻讀的學(xué)位、專業(yè)、學(xué)校所在地,選擇所要就讀的學(xué)校,并可以在網(wǎng)上索取與填寫申請(qǐng)資料表格。

      (5)Study in theUSA(http://www.)網(wǎng)站是專為留學(xué)生提供服務(wù)的站點(diǎn),可以按字母的種類或地理位置兩種分類方法對(duì)學(xué)校進(jìn)行搜索。同時(shí),該網(wǎng)站還有美國(guó)大學(xué)的專題報(bào)道,介紹各大學(xué)的情況,對(duì)選擇學(xué)校很有幫助。

      (6)American Education Magazine(http://www.)網(wǎng)站的內(nèi)容相當(dāng)豐富,主要提供留學(xué)輔助性知識(shí),如怎樣選擇大學(xué)、獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金申請(qǐng)辦法、住宿情況、醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)等,非常有助於事先了解美國(guó)大學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)與生活狀況。

      (7)Student.com(http://www.)網(wǎng)站主要介紹美國(guó)大學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)與生活,發(fā)布美國(guó)大學(xué)校園的最新消息、美國(guó)政府的教育政策,以及美國(guó)教育人士的觀點(diǎn)等。

      (8)Peterson's Guide(http://www.)教育服務(wù)公司網(wǎng)站,主要內(nèi)容包括美國(guó)大學(xué)的清單、校園新聞、專題討論、條件查詢等。

      (9)Colleges and Universities(http://www.)網(wǎng)站提供全球八十多個(gè)國(guó)家的三千多所大學(xué)信息。該網(wǎng)站按地理分類,詳列各國(guó)大學(xué)名單,并以鏈接到各校主頁(yè)的方式,提供查找各大學(xué)的信息服務(wù)。在實(shí)際操作中,只要選擇國(guó)家,如美國(guó),便可查詢到全美大學(xué)的網(wǎng)址。

      Part 2 Visa 留學(xué)簽證 

          Almost every Chinese applicant ahs experienced “standing kungfu”, that is to say, having to stand in the visa hall for two hours while waiting to be interviewed. Although there are some chairs and a water cooler, most applicants have to stand in line with a certain color card in front of a certain window. Why not provide chairs for all, or at least benches? When queried, an American embassy official pointed out that at that very moment some 200 applicants were waiting to be interviewed. If people were seated, they would move slowly. Besides, there is not enough room for a lot of furniture. “Nonetheless, you will notice that people here are well behaved. It’s not as crowded as a typical train station. Of course, we have two staff members to keep order,” he said. Even the rudest people pull in their horns under the strain of uncertainty. Those who get visas seem instantly to forget their exhaustion, whereas those who are rejected succumb to it completely.

          The visa officers are frequently criticized for not explaining why applications are rejected. To this the American embassy official replies: “We actually do tell applicants why they don’t qualify for a visa. In order to help them we also have written explanations. Sometimes they want to know more, particularly about what they can do, what documents they can show to qualify for a visa. But it’s not our policy to make suggestions. Our rule is that the applicants themselves must persuade us that they have a situation here in China which would lead them to return.”

          Some Americans feel that their Chinese friends have been refused without good reason and want to come to the embassy to complain. Is this useful? “Since most American citizens are not familiar with US visa laws, their coming here is useful in the sense that we can take the opportunity to explain the law” said the embassy official.

          說起辦理赴美簽證,不少人都會(huì)搖頭說難,赴美簽證難辦已經(jīng)成為人們的共識(shí)。有人開玩笑說現(xiàn)在拿到赴美簽證比登月還難。那么到底辦理赴美簽證難在哪兒?如何才能順利獲得簽證? 首先,接受面談很重要。中國(guó)是赴美留學(xué)的第三大國(guó)。中國(guó)人去美國(guó)留學(xué)必須辦理赴美非移民簽證,簽證程序中的面談是所有申請(qǐng)人最為關(guān)注的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié),面談不通過就無法前往美國(guó)。幾乎每個(gè)申請(qǐng)赴美簽證的中國(guó)人都體驗(yàn)過“站功”,就是在簽證大廳里站上兩個(gè)小時(shí)面談。

          有些人認(rèn)為美國(guó)的簽證面談很嚴(yán),要從簽證官手上拿到簽證不是一件容易的事。有的人覺得很容易,而且現(xiàn)在通過簽證面談之后,立刻就能夠拿到簽證了。 不少人認(rèn)為,拿到美國(guó)大學(xué)簽發(fā)的I-20入學(xué)證就表示可以進(jìn)入美國(guó)大學(xué)了。但美國(guó)大學(xué)并不能決定你是否符合到美國(guó)的條件。I-20入學(xué)證只是表示美國(guó)大學(xué)邀請(qǐng)你去念書。并非所有來申請(qǐng)的人都能獲得簽證,大概有將近70%的人都能得到學(xué)生簽證。  

          美國(guó)的研究顯示,到美的中國(guó)留學(xué)生有85%到90%的人最后留在美國(guó)找工作。如果在面試時(shí),他們被發(fā)現(xiàn)、認(rèn)為有這個(gè)意圖,就一定會(huì)被拒簽。根據(jù)美國(guó)移民和國(guó)籍法規(guī)定,留學(xué)簽證申請(qǐng)人必須證明他在美國(guó)完成學(xué)業(yè)后會(huì)離開美國(guó)。如果簽證官相信他們留美的目的是念完書就回中國(guó)的話,那就會(huì)批準(zhǔn)簽證。   

          申請(qǐng)簽證時(shí)千萬不要編造文件和理由。否則可能會(huì)讓你永遠(yuǎn)喪失拿到簽證的資格。如果你的真正目的就是去迪斯尼樂園玩一趟或探望親戚,那就不要編造什么商業(yè)理由去美國(guó)。按照規(guī)定,每位外國(guó)人在申請(qǐng)入境時(shí),必須能使領(lǐng)事官員確信申請(qǐng)人有非移民的資格,否則將視為移民。

         
      下面我們給大家總結(jié)了一些簽證常見術(shù)語:
      surname 姓,也就是last name;
      first (given) name 名;
      sex 性別;
      birth date 出生日期;
      nationality 國(guó)籍;
      expiry date ( 或 before) 失效日期(或必須在...日之前入境);
      for stays of 停留期為......
      passport No. 護(hù)照號(hào);
      control No. 編號(hào);
      Issue At 簽發(fā)地;
      Issue Date (或On) 簽發(fā)日期;
      visa type(class) 簽證種類。

          拿到簽證以后可別光顧著高興,別忘了一定要核對(duì)上面所說的簽證內(nèi)容,發(fā)現(xiàn)問題及時(shí)解決。

       Part 3 Guide to Studying Abroad 留學(xué)指南 

      Dialogue Script 1  對(duì)話原文 1

      Brown: Hello, there. You must be Li Ming. Please come in.
      Li: Hi, Mrs. Brown, nice to meet you.
      Brown: All right now... Let's see. Now, you're interested in attending university in the USA, is that right?
      Li: Yes, and I have a lot of questions to ask you.
      Brown: Okay, but before I begin to answer your questions, I need to ask you a few questions first. Hmm...now, your major is...
      Li: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering.
      Brown: OK, I see. And, where did you graduate?
      Li: I graduated from Xi'an Jiao Tong University in July 2000. I completed my bachelor's degree. And I got my certificate of CET-4.
      Brown: Alright. Now, I'm assuming you want to continue studying in your major. Am I right?
      Li: Actually. I'd prefer to do an MBA if possible. But if I have no other choice, I'll go on with my major.
      Brown: Okay. Now, are you familiar with the requirements for an MBA degree?
      Li: Yes, I'll have to do well on the GMAT, and I'll definitely need to take TOEFL or IELTS, right?
      Brown: You're right. You'll need at least 600 on the TOFEL or 6.5 on IELTS. In addition, you need to have completed a bachelor's degree, too. Have you taken the GMAT yet?
      Li: Not yet, but I plan to do it in August.
      Brown: The requirements for a Master's degree in Engineering are a little different. You'll need to take GRE and of course the TOFEL or IELTS.
      Li: I see. When do I start to apply?
      Brown: The best time to start the application process is in November or December of the year prior to your intended year of study. Application forms are available in September and October.
      Li: Which schools in Canada offer the MBA degree?
      Brown: About twenty. Here's a small booklet summarizing Canadian university programs. You'll find the information you need on page 22.
      Li: Great! Thanks a lot. By the way, how about the tuition and scholarships?
      Brown: Tuition for MBA programs has been steadily increasing. Some of the universities now charge the full tuition, which means there is no government subsidy. Those universities cost about $10,000 per year-and it's a two-year program. Other universities are still government subsidized, so the tuition is $4,500 per year. In terms of scholarships, usually the top 5 students entering the MBA program are given a generous scholarship. All other students have to pay the full fees. International students have to pay the full tuition-that's $10,000 per year.
      Li: Oh. Is it very difficult to get into an MBA program?
      Brown: Yes, actually the competition is very tough. MBA students have a pretty easy time finding a good job. So , many students are eager to do the program thinking it will guarantee them success in their careers.
      Li: Well, it sure does sound like an excellent way to start a promising future. Um..What is the school year like?
      Brown: Classes begin in September each year and finish before Christmas. They resume after New Year and finish at the end of April.
      Li: And after April?
      Brown: Why, that's your summer holiday.
      Li: Sounds great! Thank you very much. I really appreciate for your help.
      Brown: You'e welcome. And, if you have any other questions, please feel free to contact me. You know my number, right?
      Li: I sure do. Thanks a lot.
      Brown: You'e welcome, bye.

      講解:

      1.對(duì)話中,李明在跟Mrs. Brown咨詢到美國(guó)留學(xué)會(huì)面臨的各種問題。attend university, 上大學(xué),我們也學(xué)過go to college這個(gè)說法,也是可以的。college一般指專科學(xué)院或綜合性大學(xué)中的一個(gè)學(xué)院,在美語中college也用來指大學(xué),而univer sity一般是指綜合性的大學(xué)。

      2.下面再來說說attend這個(gè)詞,這里表示“參加;出席,到場(chǎng)”,例如:attend chool 上學(xué);attend a lecture 聽講課;attend church 去教堂attend (at) a wedding 出席婚禮;attend a meeting出席會(huì)議,等等。還可以表示“關(guān)注,注意”,常和介詞to聯(lián)用。例如:We'll attend to that problem later. 稍后我們將關(guān)注那個(gè)問題。

      3. 李明 2000年畢業(yè)于西安交通大學(xué)的機(jī)械工程系,獲得了學(xué)士學(xué)位,并且通過了國(guó)家英語四級(jí)考試,看來他還是有一定英語基礎(chǔ)的。CET就是我們平常所說的大學(xué)英語等級(jí)考試,是College English Test的開頭大學(xué)字母縮寫。CET是針對(duì)非英語專業(yè)考生的一種考試,而針對(duì)英語專業(yè)考生的考試是TEM,也就是Test for English Majors的開頭大寫字母的縮寫。

      4. 李明想到美國(guó)讀MBA課程,他說I'd prefer to do an MBA if possible. do an MBA,是指“讀MBA課程,碰巧的是,這里的動(dòng)詞do跟漢語的動(dòng)詞“讀”發(fā)音一樣,這樣大家就好記了。if possible,如果可能的話,是一個(gè)固定短語,大家可以拿過來直接用。

      5. go on with something,繼續(xù)做某事,如果讀不了MBA,那就繼續(xù)讀本專業(yè)的研究生。Mrs. Brown問李明對(duì)MBA課程的要求熟不熟悉呢?be familiar with something,熟悉某事,那么我們?cè)趂amiliar前面加一個(gè)前綴,就變成be unfamiliar with something,不熟悉某事,例如:I'm unfamiliar with the roads here. 這的路我不熟。

      6. 李明對(duì)就讀MBA課程的要求很熟悉,首先要靠好GMAT,并且一定要通過托?;蜓潘伎荚?。GMAT是Graduate Management Admissions Test的開頭大寫字母縮寫,就是研究生管理學(xué)入學(xué)考試,美國(guó)、英國(guó)、澳大利亞等國(guó)家的高校都采用GMAT考試的成績(jī)來評(píng)估申請(qǐng)入學(xué)者是否適合于在商業(yè)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和管理等專業(yè)的研究生階段學(xué)習(xí)。托??荚嚧蠹叶己苁煜ち耍荰est of English as a Foreign Language,是為赴美國(guó)、加拿大等國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的非英語國(guó)家學(xué)生提供的英語能力考試。

      7. GRE是Graduate Record Examination的開頭大寫字母縮寫,就是美國(guó)研究生入學(xué)考試,它適用于除了法律與商業(yè)以外的各種學(xué)科與專業(yè)的研究生考試。IELTS,全稱International English Language Testing System,國(guó)際英語水平測(cè)試系統(tǒng),是為到英語主導(dǎo)教學(xué)語言國(guó)家的高等教育機(jī)構(gòu)就讀而設(shè)的語言測(cè)試制度,也用于測(cè)試赴英語母語國(guó)家(主要指英聯(lián)邦國(guó)家)定居人士的英語水平。

      8. 不僅僅要通過托福或雅思的考試,還要達(dá)到一定的分?jǐn)?shù)線,You'll need at least 600 on the TOFEL or 6.5 on IELTS. 就是你的托??荚嚦煽?jī)至少要考到600分以上,雅思最低要考到6.5分。某種考試得了多少分,這里用的是介詞on。complete a certain degree,獲得了某種學(xué)位。

      9. 李明打算8月份去考GMAT,這里用的也是動(dòng)詞do,表示“參加某種考試”,看來這個(gè)do真是萬能動(dòng)詞阿。大家在平常的學(xué)習(xí)中一定要注意積累。參加考試也可以用動(dòng)詞take。

      10.那么什么時(shí)候開始申請(qǐng)學(xué)校呢?Mrs. Brown的建議是The best time to start the application process is in November or December of the year prior to your intended year of study. 開始申請(qǐng)程序的最好時(shí)間是你計(jì)劃出去學(xué)習(xí)前一年的11月或者12月。prior to是一個(gè)介詞詞組,表示在...之前。

      11.李明又問道加拿大有哪些大學(xué)提供MBA課程呢?Mrs. Brown給了他一本小冊(cè)子,囊括了加拿大大學(xué)的課程設(shè)置。還有就是關(guān)于學(xué)費(fèi)和獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的問題,這可能是出國(guó)留學(xué)的人最關(guān)心的問題之一了。

      12.讀MBA的學(xué)費(fèi)呢一直在漲價(jià)。甚至有些大學(xué)現(xiàn)在收全額學(xué)費(fèi),也就是說沒有任何政府補(bǔ)助。這樣的大學(xué)每年收費(fèi)大約1萬美元,而這些大學(xué)的學(xué)制是兩年。Those universities cost about $10,000 per year-and it's a two-year program.

      13.至于其他的大學(xué)呢仍由政府來資助,所以他們的學(xué)費(fèi)就要少很多,大約每年是4500美元左右。subsidize,指“資助,給予津貼”,名詞是subsidy. scholarship是獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金,那這些大學(xué)都對(duì)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金有什么規(guī)定呢?通常是申請(qǐng)讀MBA課程的學(xué)生中的前5名獲得一大筆獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金,其他的學(xué)生得付全額學(xué)費(fèi),國(guó)際學(xué)生也得支付全額學(xué)費(fèi),大概每年要1萬美金。in terms of 這個(gè)習(xí)慣用語表示“在…方面,就…而言”。

      14.那申請(qǐng)就讀MBA課程很困難嗎?Is it very difficult to get into an MBA program? get into a program,就讀某個(gè)課程,參與某個(gè)計(jì)劃。實(shí)際上申請(qǐng)就讀MBA課程的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)很激烈,因?yàn)槟玫組BA學(xué)位的學(xué)生找工作非常容易,所以很多學(xué)生都渴望能得到這種學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì),他們認(rèn)為這種學(xué)習(xí)會(huì)保證自己將來在事業(yè)上的成功。guarantee 這個(gè)詞是“保證, 擔(dān)保”的意思。例如:The rain guarantees a good crop this year. 這場(chǎng)雨保證了今年有好收成。I can't guarantee you anything for now.現(xiàn)在我還不能跟你承諾任何事情。

      15.那么學(xué)年是怎么劃分的呢?上課時(shí)間是每年從9月份開始,圣誕節(jié)前結(jié)束。新年之后繼續(xù)上課,四月底結(jié)束課程。resume,做名詞是“簡(jiǎn)歷”的意思,作動(dòng)詞,表示“再繼續(xù), 重新開始, 恢復(fù)”,例如:We resumed our work after a rest. 休息之后我們重新開始工作。一般美國(guó)的大學(xué)在四月底結(jié)束課程后,會(huì)開始一個(gè)summer term,也就是夏季學(xué)期,學(xué)生們也可以在這個(gè)期間選課進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。

      Dialogue Script 2  對(duì)話原文 2

      Li: In applying to a US graduate school, what is the simplest rule?
      Zhang: The earlier, the better.
      Li: Is the process very complicated?
      Zhang: Yes, the process is arduous, so make up your mind firmly before you begin preparation.
      Li: What should be done first?
      Zhang: Read a number of related information about international study. And discuss with your family, teacher, and friends.
      Li: This work should be done before or after the GRE and TOFEL exams?
      Zhang: Before the exams.
      Li: How long should a student need to prepare for the two exams?
      Zhang: He/She should need at least six months to prepare for the two tests, but that also depends on his/her level of English.
      Li: OK, what's the next step?
      Zhang: Write to the chosen schools to ask for admission and scholarship application forms.
      Li: What are the necessary application materials?
      Zhang: They usually include personal statement, recommendation letter, official transcripts, CV/resume, study plan, scholarships and copies of your TOFEL and GRE scores.
      Li: If one has received admission letter, what should he/she do then?
      Zhang: Write to the schools to say thanks and keep contacting them for offers. Admission letter only mean they have decided to enroll you, not necessarily that they will give you a scholarship or TA/RA.
      Li: Before setting off for the states, what final preparations should be made?
      Zhang: Arrange your schedule. Apply for a passport and student visa. Buy any necessary items for your life in the US. Deal with the financial problems, that is to say, to change money. Book the air ticket.

      講解:

      1. 申請(qǐng)赴美讀研究生,最簡(jiǎn)便的規(guī)則是什么呢?那就是“越早越好”。The earlier, the better. apply 是“申請(qǐng)”的意思,例如:I want to apply for the job. 我想申請(qǐng)這項(xiàng)工作。這里apply for something是指“為...而申請(qǐng)”,而apply to someone/something for something就是指“向某人或某個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)申請(qǐng)某物”,例如:You should apply to the consul for a visa你應(yīng)該向領(lǐng)事申請(qǐng)簽證。

      2. 申請(qǐng)過程是非常復(fù)雜的,這里用了兩個(gè)形容詞來形容,一個(gè)是complicated,另一個(gè)是arduous,arduous既可以指“費(fèi)勁的,費(fèi)力的”,也可以“辛勤的”,例如:Preparing a Dictionary of the English Language is an arduous work. 編寫一本英語語言詞典是一項(xiàng)艱巨的工作。所以在開始準(zhǔn)備申請(qǐng)學(xué)校以前,一定要下定決心,就是make up your mind firmly.

      3. 是的,申請(qǐng)學(xué)校要做多方面的準(zhǔn)備,在考托福和GRE之前,要多讀一些關(guān)于留學(xué)的資料,并且和家人、老師和朋友仔細(xì)商量。至少要提前半年準(zhǔn)備托福和GRE考試,當(dāng)然,根據(jù)考生英語水平的不同,準(zhǔn)備的時(shí)間也不一樣。He/She should need at least six months to prepare for the two tests.也可以說It takes at least six months to prepare for the two tests.

      4. 下一步就要給你選擇的學(xué)校寫信,索要入學(xué)和獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金申請(qǐng)表格。那必要的申請(qǐng)材料都包括哪些呢?申請(qǐng)材料中要包括個(gè)人陳述,personal statement,推薦信,recommendation letter, 官方學(xué)生成績(jī)單,official transcripts, 個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷,CV/resume,學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃,study plan, 經(jīng)濟(jì)能力證明,獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的申請(qǐng)材料,GRE和托福成績(jī)的影印件。scholarships and copies of your TOFEL and GRE scores. 這些材料都需要花費(fèi)時(shí)間來準(zhǔn)備,越詳細(xì)越好。還要注意的是要盡早吧這些材料寄給你所申請(qǐng)的學(xué)校,因?yàn)槊绹?guó)的研究生院事按照接受材料的先后來審閱材料的。

      5. 那么收到入學(xué)通知書后該做些什么呢?要給對(duì)方學(xué)校寫信,表示感謝,保持聯(lián)系,并且繼續(xù)申請(qǐng)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。入學(xué)通知書只是說明他們已經(jīng)決定錄取你,但不見得他們會(huì)給你提供獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金或助教職位,所以后續(xù)工作也要做好。TA就是指Teaching Assistant助教,RA是指Research Assistant研究助教。助教的職位在美國(guó)校園里算是薪水比較高并且比較輕松的工作了。

      6. 一切都搞定之后,出發(fā)之前還要做那些最后的準(zhǔn)備呢?那就是安排日程。申請(qǐng)護(hù)照和學(xué)生簽證。購(gòu)買在美國(guó)生活的必備物品,解決經(jīng)濟(jì)問題,比如說兌換外幣。還有就是預(yù)定機(jī)票。

      Dialogue Script  3  對(duì)話原文 3

      Zhang: I was told that US graduate schools require a personal statement as a part of application process. Is it true?
      Li: Yes, it is a must.
      Zhang: So we have to prepare a well-written personal statement.
      Li: In general, admission officers are looking fro two important things in one's personal statement.
      Zhang: What exactly are they?
      Li: First, evidence of your achievements that are not reflected in other parts of your application. Second, how and why the events you describe have shaped your attitude, focus, and most of all, your intellectual capacity.
      Zhang: So the statement should center on ...
      Li: The statement should focus on one's personal background, the reasons why you are applying to a particular graduate program, and your career and personal objectives.
      Zhang: Thank you for your information.
      Li: It is my pleasure.

      講解:

      1. 申請(qǐng)到美國(guó)去讀研究生課程都要求必須有個(gè)人陳述。it is a must. 這里的must做了名詞,表示“必須,一定”。例如:Comfortable shoes are a must when taking a walking tour of Wales. 去威爾士旅行徒步旅行時(shí)舒服的鞋是絕對(duì)必要的物品。

      2. 所以一定要準(zhǔn)備一分寫的很好的個(gè)人陳述。一般來說,招生負(fù)責(zé)人在你的個(gè)人陳述中要看兩點(diǎn)重要的東西,一是在你的申請(qǐng)中的其他材料中沒有反映出來的成績(jī)和優(yōu)點(diǎn)的證明。另一點(diǎn)就是你所描述的事件是如何塑造了你的態(tài)度和目的,尤其重要的是你的智力。most of all是一個(gè)習(xí)慣用語,表示“最重要的是”。

      3. center on 跟focus on差不多,都表示“以...為重點(diǎn),以...為中心”。個(gè)人陳述的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該放在個(gè)人的背景描述,申請(qǐng)某一特殊研究生課程的原因,你本人的職業(yè)以及你個(gè)人的學(xué)習(xí)目的等等。好,我們?cè)賮砺犚槐閯偛诺膶?duì)話。

      Dialogue Script  4  對(duì)話原文  4

      Li: Nowadays English-speaking countries are no longer the only destinations for Chinese who want to study abroad.
      Zhang: You're right. An increasing number of Chinese students have applied to non-English countries like Germany, for example.
      Li: Why is Germany becoming popular among Chinese students?
      Zhang: Because German education has a good reputation. The free tuition in public universities is of course another reason for this attraction.
      Li: Then international students pay nothing for education.
      Zhang: No, they have to cover such expenses as accommodation, insurance and books.
      Li: Do international students need language level certificate?
      Zhang: Yes, they need a language level certificate for a student visa. In addition, it is a must for foreign students to take German Language Entrance Exam for Foreign Students.

      講解:

      1. 現(xiàn)在,說英語國(guó)家不再是想出國(guó)留學(xué)的中國(guó)人的唯一目的地了,越來越多的中國(guó)學(xué)生已經(jīng)向非英語國(guó)家申請(qǐng)留學(xué),比如說德國(guó)。abroad表示“去國(guó)外,向國(guó)外”,可以直接跟動(dòng)詞聯(lián)用,例如:go abroad,出國(guó),I've never been abroad before, so I'm really excited about the trip.我以前從來沒有出過國(guó),所以想起這次旅行就十分興奮。

      2. 那中國(guó)學(xué)生為什么會(huì)喜歡上德國(guó)呢?因?yàn)榈聡?guó)的教育有良好的聲望,而且公立大學(xué)免收學(xué)費(fèi)也是它吸引人的另一個(gè)原因。reputation表示“名聲; 聲譽(yù)”,例如:He is a man of good reputation.他是一個(gè)有聲望的人。那么He is a man of no reputation.就表示“他是一個(gè)默默無聞的人”,也就是“沒有聲望的人”。

      3. 那么在德國(guó)留學(xué)生什么費(fèi)用也不用交嗎?那是不可能的。天下哪有白吃的午餐?盡管學(xué)費(fèi)是免費(fèi)的,但是他們還還要支付住宿、保險(xiǎn)、書本等費(fèi)用,算起來也不是一筆小數(shù)目。

      4. 那么留學(xué)生需要語言水平證書嗎?這是必須的,申請(qǐng)學(xué)生簽證時(shí)要用到。此外,外國(guó)留學(xué)生必須參加德語作為外語的入學(xué)考試。大部分學(xué)生到德國(guó)之后都要參加語言學(xué)校,當(dāng)然這部分學(xué)費(fèi)是要交的。所以去德國(guó)留學(xué)之前,也要好好計(jì)劃一下。

      Key Words::關(guān)鍵詞匯
      embassy 大使館
      exhaustion 筋疲力盡
      succumb 被壓垮,被打垮
      destination. 目的地
      tuition 學(xué)費(fèi)
      insurance 保險(xiǎn)
      certificate 證書
      statement 陳述
      intellectual 智力
      objective 目的,動(dòng)機(jī)
      guide 指南
      process 過程
      arduous 費(fèi)力的
      admission 接收,錄取
      recommendation 推薦
      transcript 成績(jī)單
      resume 簡(jiǎn)歷
      tip 指點(diǎn)
      competitive 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的,有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的
      institution 機(jī)構(gòu),學(xué)院
      acceptance 接受
      financial 財(cái)政的,經(jīng)濟(jì)上的
      circumstance 情況,狀況
      broaden 拓寬,擴(kuò)大
      renowned 知名的,著名的
      ranking 排名
      assessment 評(píng)估
      prestige 聲望
      cater 適合
      subsidy 補(bǔ)助,津貼

      Part 4 Key Sentences 實(shí)用句子 

      1. Many students go abroad to study on a work-study program.
      許多學(xué)生在國(guó)外一邊打工一邊學(xué)習(xí)。

      2. They can earn some money by doing some part-time jobs.
      他們可以通過做些兼職掙些錢。

      3. Is it difficult to find a part-time job in America?
      在美國(guó)找兼職難嗎?

      4. How to apply for a visa?
      怎樣申請(qǐng)簽證?

      5. What is the cost of living in that country?
      在那個(gè)國(guó)家的生活費(fèi)用是多少?

      6. How to get a grant from the government?
      怎樣得到政府的資助呢?

      7. This is a way out for high school graduates.
      這是高中畢業(yè)生的一條出路。

      8. How to extend a visa if it expires?
      簽證到期后怎樣延長(zhǎng)簽證?

      9. How to select the courses abroad?
      在國(guó)外如何選課呢?

      10. What is the prospect of getting a job abroad?
      在國(guó)外找工作的前景如何?

      11. What about the tuition and fees of studying in America?
      在美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)雜費(fèi)是多少?

      12. Can a foreign student work without a work permit?
      外國(guó)學(xué)生沒有工作許可證可以工作嗎?

      13. Does the tuition and fees rise every year?
      每年的學(xué)費(fèi)都要漲價(jià)嗎?

      14. How long does it take to get a master's degree?
      獲得碩士學(xué)位要花多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間?

      15. How many credits are needed for one course?
      每門課多少學(xué)分?

      16. You have to maintain a "B" average in order to get your master's degree.
      你必須平均每門課在B以上才能獲得碩士學(xué)位。

      17. What about the admission qualification for a master's degree?
      讀研究生入學(xué)需要哪些條件?

      18. How many courses do I have to take for M.A.?
      讀研究生有多少門課程?

      19. For a master's degree, there are ten courses and a dissertation.
      獲得碩士學(xué)位需要學(xué)習(xí)10門課程,另外寫一篇碩士論文。

      20. Have you ever studied abroad?
      你以前留過學(xué)嗎?

      21. I got an M.A. in economics at the University of Southern California in the United States. 
      我在美國(guó)的南加州大學(xué)獲得了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)碩士學(xué)位。

      22. It was difficult to keep up with all the reading and essay assignments.
      跟上全部的閱讀和論文作業(yè)很難。

      23. I picked up a lot from case-studies of business administration.
      我從企業(yè)管理的個(gè)案研究中得到了許多實(shí)用的知識(shí)。

      24. I think part of my problem is the fact that these books are in a language foreign to me.
      我覺得我的問題有一部分由于這些書都是外文的。

      25. Studying in a foreign language is always hard at the beginning, but I'll get over it.
      剛開始學(xué)習(xí)外語總是很困難的,但是我會(huì)克服的。

      26. I'm not used to having so many seminars, and there seems to be so much reading.
      我不習(xí)慣上這么多的討論課,而且要讀很多東西。

      27. I can usually follow what the others say, but there are times when I'm not sure.
      別人說的,通常我都懂,但有時(shí)我還不太肯定。

      28. It won't take me long to settle down.
      用不了多久我就會(huì)適應(yīng)的。

      29. Some people get too Americanized and don't seem to fit into Chinese companies.
      有些人變得太美國(guó)化,和中國(guó)朋友在一起顯得格格不入。

      30. I'm still feeling pretty homesick.
      我還是非常想家。

      附:

      赴美學(xué)生簽證指南

          以下說明僅供中華人民共和國(guó)境內(nèi)的申請(qǐng)人申請(qǐng)簽證時(shí)使用。

          美國(guó)政府每年為中國(guó)學(xué)生簽發(fā)數(shù)千份留學(xué)簽證。目前,有超過5萬中國(guó)留學(xué)生在美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí),中國(guó)同日本一樣為外國(guó)學(xué)生赴美留學(xué)提供了主要生源。但是與以前的申請(qǐng)人不一樣,現(xiàn)在的留學(xué)簽證申請(qǐng)人沒有保證他們學(xué)業(yè)結(jié)束后一定回國(guó)的不可分離的關(guān)系,也不能證明他們回國(guó)后有較好的事業(yè)發(fā)展前景。

      重要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

      為獲得赴美留學(xué)簽證,申請(qǐng)人必須證明:
      他們唯駐華一的目的(不僅是首要的目的)是學(xué)習(xí);
      他們有能力并計(jì)劃在美國(guó)做全日制學(xué)生;
      在不從事未經(jīng)許可的工作的前提下,他們有足夠的資金來支付學(xué)費(fèi)、生活費(fèi)以及應(yīng)付突發(fā)事件的全部費(fèi)用; 他們有不可分離的社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和其它因素使其在完成計(jì)劃的學(xué)業(yè)后離開美國(guó)。

      學(xué)習(xí)能力和計(jì)劃

      申請(qǐng)人必須證明他們已無條件地被有資格招收留學(xué)生的院校錄取。學(xué)校必須提供填寫完整的I-20表和錄取通知。除此之外,申請(qǐng)人還應(yīng)該證明他們有能力順利地完成學(xué)業(yè),并出具一些能證明自己學(xué)習(xí)能力和教育背景的資料,如:畢業(yè)證書、成績(jī)單(包括所學(xué)的科目及成績(jī))、TOEFL成績(jī)單以及學(xué)校所要求的其它成績(jī),如GRE、GMAT等。

      充足的資金

      申請(qǐng)人必須證明他們有足夠的資金支付學(xué)費(fèi)、健康保險(xiǎn)和生活費(fèi)。在I-20表上,校方必須注明學(xué)費(fèi)、生活費(fèi)及應(yīng)付突發(fā)事件所需費(fèi)用的相關(guān)信息和這些費(fèi)用的來源-減免學(xué)費(fèi)、學(xué)校提供工作、做助教、享有獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金或申請(qǐng)人自己出資擔(dān)保。

      如果申請(qǐng)人已獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金,則需證明提供獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的機(jī)構(gòu)愿意并有能力支付這筆費(fèi)用。如果申請(qǐng)人打算用本人的存款負(fù)擔(dān)這些費(fèi)用,這需證明這筆存款夠其整個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)過程使用,而且這筆資金必須能夠合法攜帶出中國(guó)國(guó)境。

      歸國(guó)原因

      申請(qǐng)人必須證明他們?cè)诿劳瓿蓪W(xué)業(yè)后有歸國(guó)計(jì)劃。通常這點(diǎn)對(duì)中國(guó)學(xué)生來說是最難證明的。

      使館有資料顯示在最近幾年中在美國(guó)完成學(xué)業(yè)后沒有返回中國(guó)的學(xué)生比率比較大。我們也意識(shí)到中國(guó)正在變化,有些學(xué)生一定會(huì)回到中國(guó)。簽證官在面談時(shí),會(huì)根據(jù)每個(gè)申請(qǐng)的是非曲直做出決定。在短暫的面談時(shí)間里,簽證官的判定主要取決于申請(qǐng)人是否能證明他們今后在中國(guó)有令人信服的社會(huì)及事業(yè)前途。

      一般來說,申請(qǐng)人必須表明畢業(yè)后歸國(guó)的原因是合情合理的,是有利于個(gè)人發(fā)展的。原因很多。比如:他們可以表明中國(guó)需要他們這一領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)人才,他們來自一流學(xué)校、歸國(guó)后能競(jìng)爭(zhēng)到一份很好的工作。學(xué)生也可以證明他們?cè)谥袊?guó)有不可分割的關(guān)系,并且父母將為他們安排令人羨慕的工作。有些學(xué)生想攻讀某一專業(yè)的高一級(jí)學(xué)位而中國(guó)沒有這一專業(yè)(如:MBA),他們就必須證明在攻讀該學(xué)位上所投入的時(shí)間和財(cái)力能在歸國(guó)后所從事的工作中得到豐厚的回報(bào)。

      面談

      申請(qǐng)人必須親自到自己居住、學(xué)習(xí)、工作的地方所屬的領(lǐng)事館來申請(qǐng)簽證。相關(guān)人士(如,校方代表、親屬、朋友等)可提供書面材料,讓申請(qǐng)人面承簽證官,但不能陪同申請(qǐng)人來面談。

      領(lǐng)事館

      傳真

      北京 86-10-6532-3178 (除成都、廣州、上海和沈陽(yáng)領(lǐng)事區(qū)域外其它省市)

      成都 86-28-558-3520 (四川、云南、貴州、西藏、重慶)

      廣州 86-20-8186-2341 (廣東、福建、廣西、海南)

      上海 86-21-6433-4122  (安徽、江蘇、浙江、上海)

      沈陽(yáng) 86-24-2322-2374  (遼寧、吉林、黑龍江)

      申請(qǐng)人需攜帶下列材料:

      中信實(shí)業(yè)銀行的405元不可退還的申請(qǐng)費(fèi)收據(jù)。

      兩張?zhí)詈玫腛F-156申請(qǐng)表,中英文各一份。從中信實(shí)業(yè)銀行免費(fèi)取得該表格,也可以從http://travel.和http://www. 免費(fèi)下載。隨表請(qǐng)附姓名的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電碼及兩張護(hù)照照片(3cmx5cm)護(hù)照有效期距計(jì)劃離美時(shí)間至少長(zhǎng)達(dá)六個(gè)月。

      文件表明美國(guó)有權(quán)招收外國(guó)留學(xué)生的學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu),或其他被承認(rèn)的學(xué)習(xí)場(chǎng)所已無條件錄取申請(qǐng)人,且申請(qǐng)人即將入學(xué)。申請(qǐng)人應(yīng)出示一份完整的在有效期內(nèi)的I-20表格(資格證明)

      足夠的準(zhǔn)備性學(xué)術(shù)能力及語言能力,可使申請(qǐng)人在接受的學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)或?qū)W習(xí)場(chǎng)所修完全部課程。如果其英文水平不足以修完全部課程,必須出示接收機(jī)構(gòu)的專門英語培訓(xùn)安排的文件。

      證明有足夠資金或其他安排來源支付費(fèi)用。擁有足夠資金意識(shí)是申請(qǐng)人在美期間不會(huì)領(lǐng)取政府援助補(bǔ)貼,也不會(huì)接受非法雇傭。證明在暫時(shí)并且合法的居留后,有社會(huì)的、經(jīng)濟(jì)的和其他聯(lián)系可迫使申請(qǐng)人離開美國(guó)。

      認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備面談對(duì)申請(qǐng)人非常重要。面談時(shí)間很短,而且通常用英文。大使館希望申請(qǐng)人不要使用簽證面談準(zhǔn)備一類的書及預(yù)先炮制的演講。簽證官都已面談過數(shù)以千計(jì)的學(xué)生,其中很多都用過同樣的手冊(cè)或演說詞。而使用這些東西并不會(huì)增加申請(qǐng)成功的機(jī)會(huì)。同樣地,任何英文材料準(zhǔn)備過程中的幫助都應(yīng)明確表示出來。

      拒簽后簽證再申請(qǐng)

      申請(qǐng)人被拒簽后可再次申請(qǐng)簽證,但是必須針對(duì)上次拒簽原因提供新材料。這些新材料必須表明與上一次申請(qǐng)時(shí)情況有很大改變,否則將會(huì)被再次拒簽。拒簽后再次申請(qǐng)一般安排在每周四。申請(qǐng)人在預(yù)約時(shí)務(wù)必說明曾被拒簽過。

       

        本站是提供個(gè)人知識(shí)管理的網(wǎng)絡(luò)存儲(chǔ)空間,所有內(nèi)容均由用戶發(fā)布,不代表本站觀點(diǎn)。請(qǐng)注意甄別內(nèi)容中的聯(lián)系方式、誘導(dǎo)購(gòu)買等信息,謹(jǐn)防詐騙。如發(fā)現(xiàn)有害或侵權(quán)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊一鍵舉報(bào)。
        轉(zhuǎn)藏 分享 獻(xiàn)花(0

        0條評(píng)論

        發(fā)表

        請(qǐng)遵守用戶 評(píng)論公約

        類似文章 更多