第二講：5個(gè)方向考查對(duì)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的領(lǐng)會(huì)
　　這類(lèi)題目的題干中一般有the author argues, according to the author,Professor Linton Believes that,the passage decribes…in a tone of等明顯標(biāo)志。
　　1 作者對(duì)某人/事物的觀點(diǎn)
　　解題技巧：
　　這種題目一般考查的是對(duì)文章主人公或主題事物的觀點(diǎn)。以第一人稱(chēng)行文的文章，作者的觀點(diǎn)往往出現(xiàn)在帶有第一人稱(chēng)標(biāo)志詞（I,we,my）的句子中。多數(shù)的文章則是以一種客觀論述的手法行文，作者的觀點(diǎn)會(huì)在段落的首尾或者文章的首尾出現(xiàn)。
　　練習(xí)：
　　Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Women’s education may be unusual territory ofr economists, but enhancing women’s contribution to development is actually as much an economics as a social issue. And economics, with its emphasis on incentives, porvides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education…..
　　Q The author argues that educating girls in developing countries is _________.
　　A. rewarding
　　B. expensive
　　C. troublesome
　　D. labor-saving

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

　　【解析】
　　選A。文章的第一句話(huà)就說(shuō)，在發(fā)展中國(guó)家讓女性接受教育所能帶來(lái)的回報(bào)比其他任何投資帶來(lái)的回報(bào)都要高（quite possibly yields a higher rate of return）所以選A有回報(bào)的

 

 

2 作者對(duì)某人/某事的態(tài)度
　　解題技巧 
　　作者對(duì)于文中人或物的感情色彩是閱讀理解題目的?？键c(diǎn)。作者的態(tài)度或褒或貶或中立，或關(guān)心或不在意，或喜歡或厭惡，或堅(jiān)信或懷疑。在以第一人稱(chēng)行文的文章中，應(yīng)留意那些可以直接表示作者態(tài)度的動(dòng)詞（doubt,appreciate,concern等）。在以一種客觀論述的手法行文的文章中，應(yīng)特別注意形容詞和副詞等暗含作者態(tài)度的詞匯。一些特殊句式（祈使句，疑問(wèn)句，感嘆句）本身也包含作者的態(tài)度。
　　練習(xí)：
　　As soon as it was revealed that a reporter for Progressive magazine had discovered how to make a hydrogen bomb, a group of firearm fans formed the National Hydrogen Bomb Association, and they are now lobbying against any legislation to stop Americans from owning one.
　　“The Constitution,” said the association’s spokesman, “gives everyone the right to own arms. It doesn’t spell out what kind of arms. But since anyone can now make a hydrogen bomb, the public should be able to buy it to protect themselves.”
　　“Don’t’ you think it’s dangerous to have one in the house, particularly where there are children around?”
　　“The National Hydrogen Bomb Association hopes to educate people in the safe handling of this type of weapon. We are instructing owners to keep the bomb in a locked cabinet and the fuse separately in a drawer.
　　“Some people consider the hydrogen bomb a very fatal weapon which could kill somebody.”
　　The spokesman said, “Hydrogen bombs don’t kill people ----people kill people. The bomb is for self-protection and it also has a deterrent effect. If somebody knows you have a nuclear weapon in your house, they’re going to think twice about breaking in.”
　　“But those who want to ban the bomb for American citizens claim that if you have one locked in the cabinet, with the fuse in a drawer, you would never be able to assemble it in time to stop an intruder.”
　　“Another argument against allowing people to own a bomb is that at the moment it it very expensive to build one. So what your association is backing is a program which would allow the middle and upper classes to acquire a bomb while poor people will be left defenseless with just handguns.”
　　Q:From the tone of the passage we know that the author is ________
　　A. doubtful about the necessity of keeping H-bombs at home for safety
　　B. unhappy with those who vote against the ownership of H-bombs
　　C. not serious about the private ownership of H-bombs
　　D. concerned about the spread of unclear weapons.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

　　答案:
　　選D。本文大篇幅文字都是引用正反兩方的觀點(diǎn)，沒(méi)表示作者自己的態(tài)度，只能說(shuō)明作者對(duì)此事是關(guān)注的。
3 作者的行文態(tài)度
　　解題技巧
　　作者的行文態(tài)度是作者在描述文章那個(gè)主題任務(wù)或事物時(shí)在文字中所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的一種心理傾向。如果是描述一個(gè)問(wèn)題，那么從文章中列舉的解決方法的效果、對(duì)未來(lái)的預(yù)期等可以判斷作者的態(tài)度是悲觀、謹(jǐn)慎或樂(lè)觀。如果是介紹一個(gè)人或物，從文章中談到的優(yōu)點(diǎn)或缺點(diǎn)、進(jìn)步或退步等，可以判斷作者的態(tài)度是鼓吹、批判或中立。如果是純粹的說(shuō)明問(wèn)（如，科學(xué)研究介紹），行文態(tài)度一般都是客觀的，不帶感情色彩的。
　　練習(xí)
Unless we spend money to spot and prevent asteroids now,one might crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it, say some scientists Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteorites that race across the night sky. Most orbit the sun far from Earth and don’t threaten us. But there are also thousands whose orbits put them on a collision course with Earth. Buy $ 10 million a year for the next 25 years to locate most of the space rocks. By the time we spot a fatal one, the scientists say, we’ll have a way to change its course. Some scientists favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear weapons. But the cost wouldn’t be cheap.
　　Is it worth it? Two things experts consider when judging any risk are: 1) how likely the event is:and 2) How bad the consequences if the event occurs. Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Eart once every 500,000 years. Sounds pretty rare — but if one did fall, it would be the end of the world. “If we don’t take care of these big asteroids, they’ll take care of us,” says one scientist. “It’s that simple.”
　　The cure, though, might be worse than the disease. Do we really want fleets of unclear weapons sitting around on Earth? “The world has less to fear from doomsday rocks than from a great unclear fleet set against them,” said a New York Times article.
　　Q: Which of the following best describes the author’s tone in this passage?
　　A Optinmistic
　　B Critical
　　C Objective.
　　D Arbitrar

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

　　解析

　　選C。第一段第一句說(shuō)我們必須投入資金來(lái)發(fā)展小行星，以防某一顆撞擊地球毀滅了聲明。第一段主要描述了撞擊的危險(xiǎn)性和防撞的方法。第二段介紹投入資金的必要性。第三段說(shuō)人們對(duì)防撞的方法有很大的顧慮。通關(guān)全文，對(duì)于撞擊的危險(xiǎn)，人們已經(jīng)想出了方法來(lái)防止，但是防止的方法卻也有很大的危險(xiǎn)性?？梢?jiàn)作者是在客觀地陳述防撞問(wèn)題上存在的問(wèn)題。

 

 

 

4 文中人物的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度
　　解題技巧：
　　文章中涉及的個(gè)人或組織的態(tài)度也是一個(gè)常考點(diǎn)。解答這類(lèi)題目時(shí)，應(yīng)該用這些個(gè)人的姓名或組織的名稱(chēng)作為線(xiàn)索詞急性定位，找到原文中相應(yīng)的段落或句子，再根據(jù)文中的用詞和句式進(jìn)行判斷
　　 練習(xí):
　　…Ofen, older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological clock. Therapists who work with middle-aged and aged parents say fears about aging are nothing to laugh at. “ They worry they’ll be mistaken for grandparents, or that they’ll need help getting up out of those little chairs in nursery school,” says Joann Galst, a New York psychologist. But at the core of those little fears there is often a muchi bigger one: “that they won’t be alive enough to support and protect their child,” she says….
　　Q: What’s the biggest fear of older parents according to New York psychologist Joann Galst?
　　A . Being laughed at by other people.
　　B. Slowing down of their paces of life.
　　C. Being mistaken for grandparents.
　　D. Approaching of death

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

　　【解析】

　　選D。根據(jù)題干中New York psychologist Joann Galst回到原文迅速定位，題干中的biggest對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的core和muchi bigger one。答案應(yīng)在冒號(hào)后面的引文部分：“擔(dān)心不能活到足夠大的年歲一直撫養(yǎng)和保護(hù)孩子”。所以選D，death對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的won’t be alive