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      Unit 2 English around the world

       冰姿颯颯 2011-01-12

      核心單詞

      1. command

      n. & vt. 命令;指令;掌握

      The officer commanded his soldiers to fire. 

      那名軍官命令士兵們開火。

      A general is a man who commands a large number of soldiers.

      將軍是統(tǒng)率眾多士兵的人。

      常用結(jié)構(gòu):

      at/ by sbs command  聽某人支配

      take command of   控制

      in command of    指揮著

      under ones command  由某人的指揮

      under the command of sb. 在某人的指揮下

      command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事

      command (=order) that ...      命令……(從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即should+ do  形式,should可省略)

      聯(lián)想拓展

      commander n.  指揮官

      高手過(guò)招

      用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空(原創(chuàng))

      For the first time in years, she felt she was           command

      of her life.

      The army is               the kings direct command.

      The police arrived and took command             the situation.

      in under/at/by of

      2. request

      vt.&n. 請(qǐng)求;懇求;要求

      常用結(jié)構(gòu):

      request sb.  to do sth.請(qǐng)求某人做某事

      request sth.  from/of sb. 向某人要求某物

      request that sb.  (should) do sth.要求某人做某事

      make a request/requests 發(fā)出請(qǐng)求

      at the request of sb.at sb.s request依照某人的請(qǐng)求

      易混辨析               

                   request/demand/require

      request表示有禮貌的請(qǐng)求;正式的請(qǐng)求。

      demand表示有正當(dāng)權(quán)利的要求,因此含有堅(jiān)決或強(qiáng)烈要求的意思。

      require表示要求所必須的東西;法律、協(xié)定、規(guī)章以及其他客觀情況的要求。

      但它們也有不同之處:

      requirerequest都可以接賓語(yǔ)+to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu),而demand沒(méi)有此種用法。但可以說(shuō)demand of sb. to do sth.

      require+動(dòng)名詞時(shí),主動(dòng)形式的動(dòng)名詞具有被動(dòng)意義,而demand,request無(wú)此種用法。

      They are demanding higher wages.  他們要求提高工資。

      Do you require anything else? 你還要求(需要)別的嗎?

      Many people have requested this next song.

      許多人要求聽下面這首歌。

      They required me to keep silent.  他們要求我保持沉默。

      The letter requested us to leave the house within six weeks. 

      這封信要求我們六周內(nèi)搬出這所房子。

      溫馨提示

      以上三個(gè)詞的共同點(diǎn)是:從語(yǔ)法上看,requestdemand,require都可以接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,并且在從句中要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

      高手過(guò)招

      單項(xiàng)填空

      One of the requirements for a fire is that the material           to its burning temperature.2010·陜西師大附中月考)

      A. be heated                                     B.  is heated

      C.  would be heated                         D.  do heat

      —Why were you late for such an important concert?

      —The plane arrived at the airport after a          of three hours.          2010·陜西商洛一輪檢測(cè))

      A. delay        B. rest         C. tour       D. request

      ①解析:選A。如同require, demand, order, suggest, advise, insist, request等動(dòng)詞要求其后面的賓語(yǔ)從句使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣一樣,它們所對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞的同位語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句也要求使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即:should+動(dòng)詞原形。故選A

      ②解析:選A。上句詢問(wèn)遲到的原因,因此下句中的名詞應(yīng)是與遲到意義有關(guān)的名詞,所以只能選擇延誤。

      3. recognize

      vt. 辨認(rèn)出;承認(rèn);公認(rèn)

      常用結(jié)構(gòu):

      recognize sb. 認(rèn)出某人

      recognize ones voice聽出某人的聲音

      recognize ... as ... 認(rèn)定;承認(rèn)…………

      recognize sb./sth. ... to be ...認(rèn)為某人/某事物是……

      recognize that ...承認(rèn)……

      When he walked out of the station, I recognized him immediately.

      當(dāng)他從車站里走出來(lái)時(shí),我立刻認(rèn)出了他。

      Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都承認(rèn)他為合法繼承人。

      高手過(guò)招

      單項(xiàng)填空

      —Oh, it’s you! I           you.

      —I have just had my hair cut, and I’m wearing new glasses.

      2010·山東淄博六中檢測(cè))

      A.  hadnt recognized                 B.  havent recognized

      C.  didnt recognize                    D.  dont recognize

      解析:選C。前句的句意為:哦,是你呀!我剛才沒(méi)有認(rèn)出你來(lái)。

      所以要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

      4. direction

      n. C] 方向;方面;U]指導(dǎo);指揮

      常用結(jié)構(gòu):

      in the direction of ……的方向(=towards)

      in sbs direction 朝某人的方向(=towards sb.)

      under ones direction ……指導(dǎo)下(=under the direction of sb.)

      Tom went off in one direction and Jack in another.

       湯姆往一個(gè)方向走,杰克往另外一個(gè)方向走。

      Reforms are needed in many directions.  許多方面都需要改革。

      He is walking in the direction of the police station.

      他正朝警察局的方向走去。

      He glanced in her direction and their eyes met.

      他朝她這個(gè)方向一看,倆人的眼睛相遇了。

      The singing group is under the direction of Mr Lee.

      合唱團(tuán)由先生指揮。

      溫馨提示

      direction意為指示;指引;用法說(shuō)明等,通常要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

      注意:表示郵件上的姓名地址時(shí),也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

      Follow the directions on the medicine bottle.

      請(qǐng)按藥瓶上的說(shuō)明服藥。

      高手過(guò)招

      1)單項(xiàng)填空

      Those who learn theory must develop             the direction of practice. 2010·山東棗莊一輪驗(yàn)收)

      A. to      B. on      C. in      D. for

      2)完成句子 (原創(chuàng))

      I gave Mary full             (地址)to enable her to find the post office.

      He did the work                                             (在我的指導(dǎo)下).

      1)解析:選C。in the direction of為固定搭配,意為……方向。注意不要用介詞to。

      2)①directions   under my direction

      重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)

      5. more than one

      意為不止一個(gè),雖然在意義上表示復(fù)數(shù),但作主語(yǔ)或修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),與many a(許多)用法一樣;如果more修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞再跟than one作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則要用復(fù)數(shù)。

      More than one member has protested against the proposal.

       不止一個(gè)成員反對(duì)這個(gè)建議。

      More than one person has been concerned in this.

      這里面涉及的不僅是一個(gè)人。

      More persons than one have been involved.

      涉及的不僅僅是一個(gè)人。

      聯(lián)想拓展

      more than+ adj.意為很;非常。

      more ... than ...中,肯定more后面的,而否定than后面的,意為……而不是……”或者與其……不如……”。

      more than ... can/could是英語(yǔ)里的一個(gè)常見結(jié)構(gòu),可把more than理解為not,表示否定,該結(jié)構(gòu)意為……所能……;是……所不能……;不是……所能……”。

      more often than not 經(jīng)常;往往

      In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments.

      做科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí),對(duì)待儀器必須非常小心才行。

      If you tell your father what you have done, he will be more than a little angry.

      如果你把所做的事情告訴你父親,他會(huì)非常生氣的。

      Catherine is more diligent than intelligent.

      與其說(shuō)凱瑟琳聰明,不如說(shuō)她勤奮。

      高手過(guò)招

      完成句子(原創(chuàng))

      ①當(dāng)我的老朋友布萊恩慫恿我抽一支煙時(shí),我可再也熬不住了。

      When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was                                                                                .

      ②可能的解釋不止一個(gè)。

      There is                                                                                .

      more  than  I could bear

      more than one possible explanation

      6. because of

      因?yàn)?;由于是介詞短語(yǔ),后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞及what從句。

      She got hurt because of what youd said.

      她因?yàn)槟愕脑挾艿絺Α?span lang=EN-US>

      due to 意為由于常作表語(yǔ),也作后置定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。

      thanks to意為多虧;由于只作狀語(yǔ)。

      owing to意為由于常作狀語(yǔ)。

      as a result of意為由于作狀語(yǔ)。

      易混辨析

                            because/as/since/for

      because表示直接原因,語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)。回答why提出的問(wèn)題只能用because。在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中,也只能用because。

      as用于解釋做某事的原因,語(yǔ)氣較弱,通常位于主句前。

      since表示的原因是指人們已知的事實(shí),常意為既然。語(yǔ)氣比because弱,但比as強(qiáng)。通常位于主句前,并常與as換用。

      for并列連詞,連接并列分句,表示一種補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,是推測(cè)或判斷的理由,語(yǔ)氣較弱,不可位于主句前。有時(shí)可表示直接原因,相當(dāng)于because。

      高手過(guò)招

      單項(xiàng)填空  

      People crowded on the road and could not go forward       the traffic accident some cars had made.2010·山西太原五中檢測(cè))

      A. with                                       B. since

      C. because of                            D. because

      People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her.             ,she is a great musician.2010·陜西西安二中檢測(cè))

      A. After all                                  B. As a result

      C. In other words                     D. As usual

      ①解析:選C??疾楸硎?/span>原因的幾個(gè)詞的用法。sincebecause都是連詞,連接句子,with表示原因時(shí),前面多是形容詞。如His face was red with cold.他的臉凍得通紅。because of為介詞短語(yǔ),后跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ),故選C。

      ②解析:選A。after all畢竟;as a result結(jié)果;in other words換句話說(shuō);as usual照例。根據(jù)題意選擇A。

      7. come up

      走近;上來(lái);提出

      The little boy came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station.

      小男孩向陌生人走去,并告訴他去警察局的路。

      We wont forget the day when we watched the sun come up on top of the Tai Mountain.

      我們不會(huì)忘記一同在泰山頂看日出的那天。

      It is certain that the question will come up at the meeting.

      這個(gè)問(wèn)題在會(huì)議上一定會(huì)被提出來(lái)的。

      The snowdrops are just beginning to come up.

      雪蓮花剛剛開始長(zhǎng)出地面。

      I am afraid something urgent has come up.

      恐怕發(fā)生了什么急事。

      聯(lián)想拓展

      come true                            變成現(xiàn)實(shí),成為現(xiàn)實(shí)

      come across                       邂逅

      come about                         發(fā)生

      come at                               ……撲來(lái),攻擊

      come from                          來(lái)自

      come out                            出版;開花;結(jié)果是

      come up with                      想出

      come round                        繞道而來(lái);蘇醒

      come down                        落下,塌下

      come over                        (從遠(yuǎn)處)來(lái)到;橫過(guò)

      come into use                   開始使用

      how come ...?(表示理解)……怎么回事?

      when it comes to sth.當(dāng)涉及某事時(shí)

      How come her French is so bad if she spent 5 years in pairs?

      她在巴黎待了5年,但她的法語(yǔ)怎么這么糟糕。

      When it comes to getting things done, he is useless.

      一涉及到做事,他便不中用了。

      高手過(guò)招

      1)單項(xiàng)填空

      They arent afraid when they            the difficulties in their study. 2010·河南鎮(zhèn)平質(zhì)量檢測(cè))

      A. come up                             B. come to

      C. come about                        D. come out

      2)用come構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)填空(原創(chuàng))

      The hunter walked across the forest when suddenly a

      bear               him.

      The magazine                once a month.

      I wish you can                   to England on your holiday.

      The engineers have                new ways of saving energy.

      They                 an old school friend in the street this morning.

      1)解析:選B。考查短語(yǔ)辨析。come to此處意為涉及,提到come about意為產(chǎn)生,如:How did the difference between American English and British English come about? come up意為到來(lái),來(lái)到;come out意為出來(lái),長(zhǎng)出,發(fā)芽。

      2)①came at comes out come over come up with

      came across

      8. such as

      例如……;像這樣的

      易混辨析

                     such as/for example/that is/and so on

      such as用來(lái)列舉事物。通常插在被舉例的帶有解釋性質(zhì)的事物與前面的需要進(jìn)行解釋的名詞之間,意為比如;諸如……之類的,可與 like 互換,as 后不能有逗號(hào)。

      for examplefor instance一樣起到補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用,表明在眾多的內(nèi)容中僅取一兩個(gè)例子,可放在舉例之前或之后,意為例如,舉個(gè)例子

      that is 是后面列舉的事物的總量等于它前面所提到的總和,相當(dāng)于namely。也用that is to say。

      and so on 對(duì)幾個(gè)事物進(jìn)行列舉時(shí),在說(shuō)了其中的幾個(gè)以后,用and so on進(jìn)行概括,說(shuō)明還有例子,但不一一列出。

      Boys like to play balls, such as football and basketball.

      男孩子喜歡打球,比如足球和籃球。

      Some students, Li Jun, for example, live in the country.

      有些學(xué)生,如李軍,住在農(nóng)村。

      I have three good friends, that is, John, Jack and Tom.

      我有三個(gè)好朋友,即約翰、杰克和湯姆。

      There are some books, pens, erasers and so on in my bag.

      我的書包里有書、筆、橡皮等。

      高手過(guò)招

      單項(xiàng)填空

      A lot of countries have gained excellent achievements in space technology, China,            . 2010·安徽合肥八中檢測(cè))

      A. such as                         B. for example   

      C. namely                          D. and so on

      解析:選B。四個(gè)詞中只有for example 位置靈活,可放在句首、句中或句末。

      9. play a part (in)

      扮演一個(gè)角色;參與

      She plays an active part in local politics.

      她積極參與地方政治活動(dòng)。

      She played a major part in the success of the scheme.

      她對(duì)該計(jì)劃的成功起了重要作用。

      聯(lián)想拓展

      take part (in sth.)參加, 參與(某事)

      the best part of sth.(某事物的)絕大部分(尤指一段時(shí)間)

      for the most part整體上; 通常; 多半

      for my part就我來(lái)說(shuō)

      高手過(guò)招

      翻譯句子(原創(chuàng))

      ①有多少國(guó)家要參加(世界杯賽)?

      ②對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō), 到哪兒吃飯都無(wú)所謂。

      How many countries will be taking part (in the World Cup)?

      For my part, I dont mind where we eat.

      重點(diǎn)句型

      10. Which country do you think has the most English learners?

      你覺(jué)得學(xué)英語(yǔ)最多的是哪個(gè)國(guó)家?

      do you think/believe/expect/find/know/suppose 作為插入語(yǔ),放在特殊疑問(wèn)詞后,其他內(nèi)容緊跟其后并用陳述語(yǔ)序。

      What time do you expect we will come and pick you up?

      你希望我們幾點(diǎn)來(lái)接你?

      What do you suppose he will do after he hears about the good news?

      你認(rèn)為他聽到那個(gè)好消息后會(huì)做什么呢?

      Why do you think their team could win the football match?

      你認(rèn)為他們隊(duì)為什么能贏得那場(chǎng)足球賽呢?

      高手過(guò)招

      單項(xiàng)填空

                      is the best football player in your city?

      Jerry. 2010·江蘇鹽城質(zhì)量檢測(cè))

      A. Do you think who

      B. Do you think whom

      C. Who do you think

      D. Whom do you think

      解析:選C。句中主要部分為who is the best football player in your city。插入語(yǔ)為do you think。

      11. Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.

      信不信由你,(世界上)沒(méi)有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)。

      (1)believe it or not在句中用作插入語(yǔ),意為信不信由你;我說(shuō)的是真的。

      聯(lián)想拓展

      常用作插入語(yǔ)的還有:

      generally speaking一般來(lái)說(shuō)

      frankly speaking坦白地說(shuō)

      judging from ...……來(lái)判斷

      to tell you the truth說(shuō)真的;老實(shí)說(shuō)

      to be honest說(shuō)實(shí)在的

      to make matters worse更糟糕的是

      高手過(guò)招

      單項(xiàng)填空

               , boys are stronger than girls.

                                                                2010·江蘇徐州質(zhì)量檢測(cè))

      A. To speak generally         B. Generally to speak

      C. Generally speaking         D. Generally spoken

                the hat he           , the man is a soldier.

                                                                       2010·浙江溫州一模)

      A. Judging from; is wearing C. To judge by; putting

      B. Judging by; is having on   D. Judged by; is putting

      1)①解析:選C。插入語(yǔ)generally speaking意為一般來(lái)說(shuō)是固定搭配,指常規(guī)。

      ②解析:選Ajudging from為固定搭配,在這里judging不與the man形成邏輯上的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系。wear, have on, dress都有穿,戴的意思,但搭配和意義不同。wearhave on都可以表示穿著的狀態(tài),然而have on沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài);dress可以作及物和不及物動(dòng)詞,作不及物動(dòng)詞的意思是穿衣,作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)賓語(yǔ)是人。

      (2such上述一類的;諸如此類的

      聯(lián)想拓展

      no such...as沒(méi)有這樣的……

      such as例如

      such...as...……這樣的……

      such...that...這樣……以至于……

      易混辨析

                               such ... that ... /such ... as ...

      such ... that ...結(jié)構(gòu)中,that是從屬連詞,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,在從句中不作成分。

      such ... as ...結(jié)構(gòu)中,as是關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,在從句中常作賓語(yǔ)。

      He is reading such a book as you borrowed from the library last week. 他在讀的書和你上周從圖書館借來(lái)的一樣。( as是關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)

      He is reading such an interesting book that I want to borrow it. 他在讀的書這么有趣,我想借來(lái)讀讀。(that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)

      高手過(guò)招

      單項(xiàng)填空

      Exercise is               as any other to lose unwanted weight. 2010·四川成都六中檢測(cè))

      A. so useful a way           B. as a useful way

      C. as useful a way           D. such a useful way

      I suggest that we should take part in more such activities in future  we did yesterday.2010·江西南昌一中二模)

      A. which         B. as          C. that              D. than

      2)①解析:選C as...as結(jié)構(gòu)中出現(xiàn)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí),不定冠詞和名詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后。so...as只用于否定句,故不能選A。

      ②解析:選B。當(dāng)先行詞被such修飾時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用as。

       

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