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核心單詞 1. common adj. 共同的，普遍的；常見的 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： in common 共有，公用(在句中多作狀語） have nothing/little/a lot/something in common (with) sb. 與某人沒有/許多/有些共同之處 in common with 和……一樣 common sense/knowledge 常識 common welfare 公共福利 易混辨析 common/ordinary/usual/normal common 指“共有的，公共的；共同的；常見的”。反義詞為rare。 common作“普通的”講時可與ordinary換用。如“普通人”也可以說成common people。 ordinary 意為“普通的，平淡無奇的”，指沒有什么特別的地方。 usual 意為“平常的，通常的，一向的”，含慣例之意。 normal 意為“正常的”。 Jane and I have nothing in common. =I have nothing in common with Jane. 我與簡毫無共同之處。 The problems are common to all societies. 這些問題是所有社會的通病。 In common with many young people, he prefers pop songs. 和許多年輕人一樣，他喜歡流行歌曲。 He is in ordinary clothes. 他穿著平常的衣服。 We meet every day at the usual place. 我們每天在往常那個地方見面。 高手過招 單項填空 Harry visited the bookstore every week. He became such a customer that the bookseller gave him some books as presents. （2009·12·浙江桐廬檢測）
解析：選C。由“Harry visited the bookstore every week”可知，他是?？停?/span>“習(xí)慣，慣例”之意，故選C。 2. signal n. 信號；手勢；聲音；暗號 v. 發(fā)信號；用信號傳達；用信號與……通訊 A red light is usually a signal for/of danger. 紅燈通常是危險的信號。 He signaled (to) the waiter to bring the menu. 他示意服務(wù)員把菜單拿過來。 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： signal to sb./sth. for sth. 用信號傳達（某信息）；用信號與（某人）通訊 signal with ...用……發(fā)信號 高手過招 翻譯句子 ①鐵路的紅信號燈亮了，所以火車停下了。 ②他用紅旗傳達信號。 答案：①The railway signal was on red, so the train stopped. ②He was signalling with a red flag. 3. sum n. 金額; 款項; 總數(shù); 算術(shù)題 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： in sum 簡言之; 總而言之 sum up/sum sth. Up 總結(jié)；概括 He was fined the sum of 200$. 他被處以200美元的罰金。 The sum of 5 and 3 is 8. 5加3的和是8。 To sum up, there are three main ways of solving the problem. 概括起來說，這個問題主要有三種解決辦法。 4. arise vi. (arose, arisen)出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生；起床，起身 A new difficulty has arisen.出現(xiàn)了新的困難。 Accident arise from carelessness. 疏忽大意往往會引起事故的發(fā)生。 He arose at dawn.他黎明即起。 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： arise from/out of 由……引起；由……產(chǎn)生 高手過招 翻譯句子 ①夜間起風(fēng)暴了。 ②由于缺乏交流而產(chǎn)生了問題。 答案：①A storm arose during the night. ②Problems have arisen out of the lack of communication. 5. anyhow adv.（也作anyway）不管怎樣，無論如何；反正；即使如此 聯(lián)想拓展 somehow adv. 以某種方式, 用某種方法；不知怎么地 somewhat adv.有點，稍微 He told me not to buy it, but I bought it anyhow. 他告訴我不要買它，但不管怎樣，我還是買了。 It may snow, but anyhow I will go to the town. 可能要下雪,但無論如何我都要進城。 We must get the work finished somehow by tomorrow morning. 我們必須設(shè)法在明天早上以前把工作做完。 Somehow we lost our way. 不知怎么地我們迷路了。 My jacket is somewhat like yours. 我的夾克與你那件有點相似。 高手過招 (1)單項填空 —You don’t seem to be quite yourself today. What’s wrong? —Oh, I’m suffering from a cold. Nothing serious, . （2009·12·安徽舒城檢測） A. yet B. indeed C. anyhow D. though (2)完成句子 （原創(chuàng)） ①我對這個工作有點厭倦了。 I am tired of this work. ②不知怎么地,他害怕她。 he was afraid of her. ③他無論如何也不能使她信服。 He couldn’t convince her . 解析： (1) 選D。此處表達“轉(zhuǎn)折”，意思是“然而”。 (2)①somewhat ②Somehow ③anyhow 6. personally adv. 就個人而言；親自 聯(lián)想拓展 personally意為“就個人而言”時的同義短語： in my opinion as far as I’m concerned in my view for my part as far as I can see from my point of view for my perspective The owner of the hotel welcomed us personally. 這家旅館的主人親自接待了我們。 Personally (speaking), I think he is a very good man, but you may not agree. 就個人而言, 我認(rèn)為他是個很好的人, 但也許你不這么認(rèn)為。 高手過招 完成句子 （原創(chuàng)） ①She said she didn’t like Tom, but （就個人而言）, I thought he was an honest boy, though sometimes careless. ② （幸好）, the planes appear to be quite safe. ③ （自然地），their ideas are important to everyone in the country. ④ (高興的是) for him, his stepmother was kind to him. ⑤ （出人意料的）, he failed the exam. 答案： ①personally ②Luckily/Fortunately ③Naturally ④Happily ⑤Surprisingly 7. goal n. 球門；(進球)得分；目標(biāo)；目的 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： score/kick a goal 踢進一球；得一分 keep goal 守球門 life goal/one’s goal in life 生活目標(biāo) achieve/realize one’s goal 實現(xiàn)目標(biāo) He headed the ball into an open goal. 他乘虛把球頂入球門 We won by three goals to one.我們以三比一獲勝。 You’d better set a goal before you start. 開始前，你最好設(shè)定一個目標(biāo)。 高手過招 翻譯句子 （原創(chuàng)） ①他已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)了他的目標(biāo)。 ②我的人生目標(biāo)是幫助他人。 答案：①He has achieved his goal. ②My goal in life is to help others. 8. in a way 在某種程度上（表示對情況的態(tài)度） 聯(lián)想拓展 in a way=in one way=in some ways in the way 擋道；造成阻礙 in one way 在某方面 in some ways 在某些方面 in no way 決不，無論如何都不（位于句首時構(gòu)成倒裝） on ones way to在去……的路上 by the way順便說一下 in any way在任何方面 in every way在各方面 give way (to sb./sth.)屈服；讓步 lose ones way 迷路 (there is) no way 不可能；沒門 by way of 經(jīng)過；經(jīng)由 in the way和in one’s way兩個短語含義相同，都含“擋住去路；礙事”之意。 In a way, it’s kind of nice to be studying alone. 在某種程度上講，獨自一個人學(xué)習(xí)相當(dāng)不錯。 高手過招 單項填空 I can’t see the word on the blackboard. Your head is . （原創(chuàng)） A. on the way B. in a way C. by the way D. in the way 解析：選D。in the way和in one’s way均表示“擋住去路；礙事”之意。故D項符合句意。 9. go by 經(jīng)過;（時間）過去；依照，靠……判斷 聯(lián)想拓展 go against 違背；對……不利 go without 勉強維持，湊合;沒有……而將就 go in for 愛好；參加；從事 go over 復(fù)習(xí);仔細(xì)審查 go ahead 進行；發(fā)生；（尤指經(jīng)某人允許）開始做 go through 通過；經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受；查看，調(diào)查 go out 出去；熄滅 go off 離開，出發(fā)；爆發(fā)，突然響起；停止；熄滅 go up 上升 go down 下降 He went by his teacher without even a greeting. 他 As time went by/With time going by, he has changed a lot.隨著時光流逝，他已經(jīng)改變了許多。 Don’t go by that old map—it has been out of date. 別參照那張舊地圖，它已經(jīng)過時了。 You can’t always go by appearances. 你不能總是憑外表來判斷。 高手過招 用方框內(nèi)所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空 （原創(chuàng)） go in for/go off/go through/go without ①The new law did not . ②I am an entrance examination next year. ③There’s no money for a holiday this year; we’ll just have to . ④He didn’t wake up even though the alarm . 答案：①go through ②going in for ③go without ④went off 10. as a result 結(jié)果，因此 聯(lián)想拓展 as a result of 由于……；作為……的結(jié)果 as a consequence 結(jié)果 in consequence 結(jié)果 in consequence of 由于 result from由……引起；由于（意思等同于lie in） result in結(jié)果；導(dǎo)致（意思等同于lead to） He made a big mistake, and, as a result, lost his job. 他犯了個大錯，結(jié)果丟了工作。 He didn’t pass the exam as a result of his carelessness. 他由于粗心而沒有通過考試。 His success results from his hard work. 他的成功源于自身的努力。 Acting before thinking always results in failure. 做事之前不加考慮總會導(dǎo)致失敗。 高手過招 (1)單項填空 He fell the bike and broke his leg as . （2009·12·山西大同檢測） A. down; result B. off; a result C. onto; a result of D. to; a result of (2)完成句子 （原創(chuàng)） ①由于大雪，他遲到了。 He was late the heavy snow. ②因此，我們不得不給菜地澆水。 , we have to water the vegetable garden. ③他考試不及格是由于粗心造成的。 His failure in the exam his carelessness. ④這場意外事故造成兩人死亡。 The accident the death of two people. 解析：(1) 選B。fall off意思是“從……上掉下來”；as a result的意思是“因而；結(jié)果”。 (2)①as a result of ②As a result ③resulted from ④resulted in 11. make up 化妝；化裝；捏造，虛構(gòu)（故事，詩等） 聯(lián)想拓展 make up for 補償 be made up of=consist of 由……組成 make for 有利于做成某事， 有助于做成某事；走向；沖向 make it 及時趕到；成功 make it up 和解；講和 make known 使知曉；傳達 make out 理解；懂得；辨認(rèn)出 She spent an hour making (herself) up before the party. 她在聚會前用了一個小時化妝。 Stop making things up! 不要胡編了! 高手過招 (1)單項填空 In （2009·12·河北保定檢測） A. make up B. take up C. hold up D. turn up (2)完成句子 （原創(chuàng)） ①講究衛(wèi)生有助于身體健康。 Cleanliness good health. ②我們需要50美元以補足所需要的數(shù)目。 We need $50 to the sum required. ③那位經(jīng)理的字跡很難辨認(rèn)。 It was difficult to the manager’s handwriting. 解析： (1) 選A?？疾槎陶Z辨析。make up意為“編造，彌補，組成，構(gòu)成”；take up意為“拿起來，占據(jù)(時間或空間)”；hold up 意為“阻止”；turn up意為“開大，調(diào)高，出現(xiàn)”。 (2)①makes for ②make up ③make out 12. after all 畢竟，終究 聯(lián)想拓展 at all 根本，完全；到底，究竟；既然 not at all 一點也不 in all 總共，共計 above all 首先；最重要的是 first of all 首先 all in all 總之 Don’t get discouraged by setbacks, we are new to the work after all. 別因挫折而灰心,畢竟我們不熟悉這項工作。 He did come after all. 他終究還是來了。 高手過招 單項填空 ①The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings; , it caused 20 deaths. （2009·12·山西平遙檢測） A. or else B. therefore C. after all D. besides ②I’d like to buy a house—modern, comfortable, and in a quiet neighbourhood. （2009·11·寧夏銀川檢測） A. in all B. above all C. after all D. at all 解析： ①選D。由語境邏輯可以推出該空表示“另外，除此之外”，只有D項與句意相符。 ②選B?？疾?/span>“介詞＋all”的短語辨析。句意為：我想買一座房子——時尚、舒適，最重要的是社區(qū)要安靜。in all 總共；above all 最重要的是；after all 畢竟；at all根本。 13. deal with 處理；安排；對付 易混辨析 do with/deal with 表示“怎樣處理”時，do with常與連接代詞what連用，而deal with常與連接副詞how連用。 這兩個短語在意思上有細(xì)微的差別。一般來說，do with意為“處置；忍受；相處；有關(guān)”等。 deal with意義很廣，意為“對付；應(yīng)付；處理；安排；論述；涉及；與……打交道/做生意”等。 How are you going to deal with the problem? 你們打算怎樣處理這個問題呢？ Such man is difficult to deal with. 這種人不容易相處。 I’ve dealt with him for ten years. 我和他做生意已經(jīng)10年了。 This book deals with the 這本書是關(guān)于中東問題的。 He didn’t know what to do with the property his father had left. 他不知道如何處理他父親留下的財產(chǎn)。 I can’t do with the loud noise. 我無法忍受那種噪音。 高手過招 單項填空 ①It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows . （2009·12·貴州貴陽檢測） A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it ②He knows to deal with man but when he meets women, he doesn’t know to do. （原創(chuàng)） A. what; how B. what; what C. how; what D. how; how 解析： ①選C。what to do (with it)為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“如何處理……”，意思等同于how to deal (with it)。“疑問詞+不定式”作knows的賓語。 ②選C。作“對待，處理”講時，do with 和deal with同義，deal with與how搭配，do with與what搭配。 14. watch over 看守；監(jiān)視；照看 Could you watch (over) my clothes while I have a swim? 我游泳時你能幫我看著我的衣服嗎？ He felt that God was watching over him. 他感覺到上帝保佑著他。 watch out (for) 當(dāng)心，注意 watch for sb./sth. 觀察；等待 keep a watch on 監(jiān)視 under the close watch 在嚴(yán)密監(jiān)視下 高手過招 翻譯句子 ①他們等待著進一步的發(fā)展。 ②小心！汽車來了。 答案： ①They are watching for further developments. ②Watch out! There’s a car coming. 重點句型 15. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told！ 隨著時間的推移，我的記憶能力發(fā)展得如此之快，就像一頭大象一樣，我從來不會忘記告訴我的任何事情！ so ...that ...意為 “如此……以至于……”。 ②such+ a/an+adj.+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that-clause adj.+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+that-clause adj.+不可數(shù)名詞+that-clause She’s so ill that she can’t get out of bed. 她病得很重，都下不了床了。 These are such interesting books that children like to read them. 這些書很有趣，孩子們喜歡讀。 溫馨提示 so that 既可以表達結(jié)果，又可以表達目的，表目的時相當(dāng)于in order that。 I stopped so that you could catch up. 我停下來以便你能趕得上。 “so ...that ...”結(jié)構(gòu)中的“so+adj./adv.”位于句首時，主句要倒裝。 So hard does he work that he seldom goes home. 他工作那么努力，幾乎不回家。 “such ...as ...”中的as引導(dǎo)的是一個定語從句。 高手過招 單項填空 —What a beautiful day! —Yes, it’s that I’d like to take a walk. （2009·12·陜西西安檢測） A. such nice weather B. so a nice weather C. too nice weather D. nice weather so |
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