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      中考英語語法講解第十六講—There be句型與中考試題

       家有學(xué)子 2011-01-18
      第16講    There be句型與中考試題

        There be句型的基本用法是表示"某地(或某時)有某人(或某物)",其形式為"Therebe+代詞或名詞(短語)+地點/時間狀語"。這里there是引導(dǎo)詞,沒有詞義,be是謂語動詞,代詞或名詞(短語)是主語。be要與主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。否定句是在be后加not;一般疑問句是將be放在句首;反意疑問句中的簡短問句是由"be(或其否定式)+there"構(gòu)成。例如:

        1.There is a desk and two chairs in the room.(緊挨著be動詞的主語是a desk,是單數(shù),故be的形式要用is)

        2.There aren't two chairs and a desk in the room.(否定句)

        3.Is there anything wrong with your ears?(Yes,there is./No,there isn't.)

        4.There wasn't a meeting yesterday,was there?(反意疑問句)

        除此之外,還有一個重要句式"有某人在做某事",要用"There be +sb.+doing sth.+地點/時間狀語"。例如:

        There are several children swimming in the river.河里有幾個孩子在游泳。

        There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中常見的時態(tài)有如下幾種情況:

        通過上表可知:各種時態(tài)的變化是通過 be動詞的變化來體現(xiàn)的。至于你提到的兩個句子我們先不考慮對錯,首要的問題是弄清楚There be與have所表示的意義。There be句型表示"存在"關(guān)系,have表示"所屬"關(guān)系,兩者不能混合在一個句子中。例如,要說"明天有一個班會。"(1)There will have a class meeting tomorrow.(×)(2)There is going to/will be a class meeting tomorrow.(√)有時候既表示"存在"又表示"所屬"時兩種都可以用。例如:Class Three have a map of China on the wall.("地圖"為三班學(xué)生所有)There is a map of China on the wall in Class Three.("地圖"存在于三班)由此看來,There will have是錯誤的。

        復(fù)習(xí)There be句型時除了掌握基礎(chǔ)知識外,還應(yīng)注意以下問題:

        1.There be句型的考查更多的是將be動詞與主語結(jié)合在一起進(jìn)行的,即主謂的一致性。例如:

       ?。?)There is _____ on the floor.

        (2)There are _____ on the floor.

        選項:A.cat B.water C.boxes D.football解析:(1)由is可知主語應(yīng)是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,而A、D項中都缺少冠詞a,故選B,同理可知(2)應(yīng)選C。

        2.如果作主語的是一個短語,則常??疾槎陶Z中的修飾語??蓴?shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式前可以用any,som e,few,a few,m any或用數(shù)詞 +hundred/thousand/million,hundreds/ thousands/millions of,no等修飾;不可數(shù)名詞可以受any,some,no,little,a little,much等詞的修飾。例如:

        (1)There were _____ students in our school.

        A.hundreds B.eight hundred C.eight hundreds of

       ?。?)There is _____ water.You needn't get some more.

        A.few B.little C.much

        解析:(1)由數(shù)詞與名詞的搭配關(guān)系可知選B,(2)由water可知排除A項,再由后一句意思便知選C。

        3.注意不定代詞的用法。

       ?。?)不定代詞在句中作主語,謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如:There is nothing in the fridge.(2)不定代詞受形容詞修飾時要放在形容詞的前面。例如:There is something interesting in today's newspaper.

        4.There be句型的反意疑問句,要注意陳述部分的形式。

        如果陳述部分含有l(wèi)ittle,few,no,nobody,none等否定詞時,后面的簡短問句中要用肯定形式。例如:There is nobody in the room,is there?

        但有的含有否定意義的形容詞修飾不定代詞時則仍看作肯定句式。例如:There is something unusual in the room,isn't there?

        5.要注意句子前后意思的一致性。

        有的句子單獨看其意義時,可能不止一個選項適合于它,但如果聯(lián)系上下句的意思則只能有一個恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x項。例如:(1)There is _____ food.You needn't buy any.(2) There is _____ food.You have to buy some.(A.a(chǎn)ny B.some C.no)從這兩題中的第一個句子來看均可選用some和no,但與后面的句意結(jié)合看,答案則是唯一的:(1)B,(2)C。

        There be句型命題趨向有兩個方面:一是進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)對知識的理解與運用方面的考查。例如be動詞與主語的一致性、名詞或代詞的修飾語、搭配關(guān)系、含否定詞的反意疑問句等。二是有可能出現(xiàn)"有某人在做某事"這一句型,即"There be +sb.+doing sth.+地點/時間狀語"。
      下面是一些英語中考試題原題:

        1.There are _____ days in a week.

        A.the seven B.seventh C.the seventh D.seven

        2.There are few _____ in the fridge.Let's go and buy som e peas,carrots and cabbages.

        A.vegetables B.fruit C.meat D.eggs

        3.Look!There are some _____ on the floor.

        A.child B.water C.boxes D.girl

        4.There were two _____ people at yesterday's meeting.

        A.hundreds B.hundreds of C.hundred

        5.The letter from my uncle was short.There wasn't _____ news.

        A.many B.a(chǎn) few C.much D.few

        6.-Oh,there isn't enough _____ for us in the lift.

        -It doesn't matter,let's wait for the next.

        A.ground B.floor C.place D.room

        7.There _____ an English Evening next Tuesday.

        A.was B.will be C.will have D.a(chǎn)re going to be

        8.There _____ a football gam e in our school.

        A.has B.will have C.will be

        9.There is going to _____ a report _____ Chinese history in our school this evening.

        A.have;on B.be;on C.have;for D.be;of

        10.There is _____ food here.We'll have to buy some.

        A.a(chǎn)ny B.some C.no

        11.There is _____ in the bag.It's em pty.

        A.nothing B.something C.a(chǎn)nything D.somebody

        12.There is _____ knocking at the door.Go and see who it is.

        A.nobody B.somebody C.a(chǎn)nybody D.everybody

        13.-Is there _____ wrong with me, doctor?

        -I'm afraid so.Your heart is beating a bit too slow.

        A.something B.a(chǎn)nything C.everything D.nothing

        14.There is _____ interesting on this channel.Try others.

        A.nothing

        B.none

        C.a(chǎn)nything

        D.no

        15.There is _____ interesting in the film,so _____ is interested in it.

        A.something;nobody B.nothing;somebody

        C.a(chǎn)nything;anybody D.nothing;nobody

        16.There is _____ in today's newspaper.

        A.nothing new B.a(chǎn)nything new

        C.new anything D.new something

        17.There is _____ in today's newspaper.

        A.new anything B.new something

        C.a(chǎn)nything new D.something new

        18.There will be a volleyball match in our school, _____ ?

        A.be there B.is there

        C.will there D.won't there

        19.There is little water in the bottle.(改為反意疑問句)

        There is little water in the bottle, _____ _____ ?

        20.There is som ething unusual on the island.(改為反意疑問句)

        There is som ething unusual on the island, _____ _____ ?

        Key:

        ●There be句型與中考試題

        1-5 D A C C C

        6-10 D B C B C

        11-15 A B B A D

        16-18 A D D 19.is there 20.isn't there

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