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      筆譯中幾條約定俗成的數(shù)字翻譯規(guī)則

       小膘 2011-03-15
      筆譯中幾條約定俗成的數(shù)字翻譯規(guī)則

          來源:競(jìng)學(xué)網(wǎng)  瀏覽次數(shù):1356  添加時(shí)間:2008-4-13

             在漢英筆譯和英語寫作中,經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到數(shù)字;哪些場(chǎng)合用單詞表示,哪些場(chǎng)合用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字表示,往往使人難以確定,現(xiàn)行語法書中也極少涉及此類問題。
       
        實(shí)際上,以英語為母語的國家,在書寫數(shù)字時(shí)已形成幾條約定俗成的規(guī)則,現(xiàn)總結(jié)如下供讀者參考。
       
      1
      英美等國的出版社在排版時(shí)遵循一條原則,即110用單詞表示,10以上的數(shù)目用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字(也有的以100為界限),這條原則值得我們行文時(shí)借鑒。如:

      That table measures ten feet by five. 那個(gè)工作臺(tái)長(zhǎng)10英尺,寬5英尺。

      The traditional pattern of classroom experience at the college level brings the professor and a group of 20 to 30 students together for a 45-to-50-minute class session two or three times a week.
      由一個(gè)教授和十名學(xué)生每周會(huì)晤兩三次,每次授課時(shí)間4550分鐘,是大學(xué)程度課堂教學(xué)的傳統(tǒng)方式。

      2 大數(shù)目用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字表示顯得更簡(jiǎn)潔明了,但不定數(shù)量、近似值用單詞表示較恰當(dāng)。如:

      There are 203817 voters on the electoral rolls。選舉名單上有203817個(gè)投票人。

      Nearly thirty thousand voters took part in this election.
      3萬個(gè)投票人參加了這次選舉。

      3 遇到日期、百分比、帶單位的特殊數(shù)字,通常用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字。如:

      Maximum swivel of table is l20. 工作臺(tái)的最大回轉(zhuǎn)角度是120度。

      3rd march l9913 march l991; a discount of 5 percent5%的折扣);
      purchased 7 yards of carpet(買7碼地毯);
      ordered 2 pounds of minced steak (訂購2磅剁碎的肉).

      如果涉及的數(shù)目和單位是不定數(shù),可用單詞表示。
      如:① about five miles per hour(每小時(shí)大約5英里);
      at least ten yards away(至少有10碼遠(yuǎn));
      hesitated for a moment or two(猶豫了片刻);
      i have warned you a hundred times(我已經(jīng)警告你多少遍了).

      4 在科技文章中,數(shù)字頻繁出現(xiàn),用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字比用單詞陳述更有利,如:

      The new engine has a capacity of 4.3 liters and a power out-put of 153 kilowatts at 4400 revolutions per minute。
      這臺(tái)新發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的容積為4.3升,轉(zhuǎn)速為每分鐘4400轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)輸出功率是153千瓦。

      we know that the weight of a cubic foot of air at 0℃,and 76cmpressure is 0.08l pound, or 12 cubic feet of air weigh a pound.
      我們知道,1立方英尺的空氣在0攝氏度和760毫米汞柱壓力下,重量是0.81磅,也就是說12立方英尺空氣的重量是1磅。

      5 句首不用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字,句末要盡量避免用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字。

      4th July is an important date in American history. 應(yīng)該寫成the fourth of July...

      19 couples took part in the ballroom dancing competition. 19對(duì)選手參加了交際舞比賽。應(yīng)改寫成:Nineteen couples took...

      60% profit was a reported.據(jù)報(bào)道有60%的利潤(rùn)。應(yīng)改寫成:Sixty per cent profit...

      1345 kilograms force was applied at the center point of the bar. 試驗(yàn)時(shí)在桿的中點(diǎn)加1345公斤力。可改成When tested, a force of l345 kg was applied...

      6 遇到分?jǐn)?shù),可用帶連字符號(hào)的單詞表示,如:

      At 1east two-thirds of the class have had colds. 這個(gè)班至少有三分之二的學(xué)生患重感冒。

      Nitrogen forms about four-fifths of the atmosphere. 氮約占大氣的五分之四。

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