V-ing  I

-ing形式既可用作動(dòng)名詞也可用作現(xiàn)在分詞，可以作主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等。下面重點(diǎn)講一下其作定語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法。

一、-ing形式作定語(yǔ)

單個(gè)V-ing作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在被修飾詞之前；V-ing短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在被修飾詞之后，通常有以下兩種意義：1. 表示動(dòng)作 (主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作)，2. 表示用途。如：

The man standing by the window is our teacher.

Many frightened people rushed out of the burning building.

There is a swimming pool in our school.

I bought a writing desk this morning.

點(diǎn)撥：V-ing有一般式和完成式，且有主動(dòng)形式和被動(dòng)形式。當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是V-ing動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，V-ing用被動(dòng)形式。如：

The building being built now will be finished next month.

二、-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

感官動(dòng)詞如see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, observe及find等+ sb + doing sth，表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或處于一種狀態(tài)中。如：

We heard the children shouting upstairs. 我們聽(tīng)見(jiàn)孩子們?cè)跇巧辖泻啊?/span>

I felt my heart beating violently. 我感覺(jué)到我的心在猛烈地跳動(dòng)。

I won’t have you running about in the room. 我不允許你在房間里跑來(lái)跑去。

We kept the fire burning all night long. 我們讓火整夜燒著。

注意: 如果賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是一系列的動(dòng)作，通常用不定式，而不用V-ing形式。如：

I saw him enter the room, sit down and light a cigarette. 我看見(jiàn)他走進(jìn)房間，坐了下來(lái)，點(diǎn)了一根煙。

    即學(xué)即練

  1. Peter received a letter just now _____ his grand-ma would come to see him soon.

       A. said                   B. says         C. saying          D. to say

  2. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle _____ to balance it.

       A. having tried           B. to try        C. trying            D. tried   

  3. Those naughty boys were caught _____  flowers in the garden again.

       A. to steal                  B. stealing       C. to have stolen    D. having stolen

  4. —Who gave you this message?

       —A man _____  himself Mr. Zhang.

V-ing II

上個(gè)單元我們學(xué)習(xí)了-ing形式作定語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法，這個(gè)單元重點(diǎn)講一下其作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的用法。

一、-ing形式作主語(yǔ)

1. -ing形式直接作主語(yǔ)。如：

Learning is the most important thing for a student. 學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)是最重要的事情。

2. it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)-ing形式放在句末。如：　

It’s a waste of time arguing about it. 爭(zhēng)論這事是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。

It is worth trying. 試一下是值得的。

注意：-ing作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)對(duì)于談話雙方是不言而喻的。如：

Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗讀是很有好處的?！　?/span>

此處Reading aloud的邏輯主語(yǔ)泛指任何人，因而無(wú)需表明。如果作主語(yǔ)的-ing形式需要說(shuō)明邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用物主代詞或名詞所有格，即名詞后加’s。如：

His father’s falling ill worried him greatly. 他父親生病使他很著急?！　?/span>

二、-ing形式作表語(yǔ)

1. 表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容。如：

Her job is keeping the room clean. 她的工作是使這個(gè)房間保持干凈。

2. 表示主語(yǔ)具有的特征，此時(shí)-ing相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞。如：

The problem is quite confusing. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題很令人困惑。

三、-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)

-ing形式既可作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，也可作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。如：

They prefer spending their summer vacation in Dalian. 他們更喜歡在大連過(guò)暑假。

After a cup of coffee, he went on writing the letter. 喝了一杯咖啡后，他繼續(xù)寫信。

  1. Her work is __________ (look) after  children.

  2. The news was so ___________ (surprise) that I thought it was a joke.

  3. I am looking forward to ___________ (see) you again.

  4. It’s no use ___________ (try) to fool me.

  5. ___________ (lose) her new bicycle made Mary so upset.

  6. Tom’s ___________ (attend) the party made his friends very happy.