編輯本段[動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)]

介紹

　　動(dòng)詞不定式可以作以上各種成分，但它畢竟是動(dòng)詞，所以有動(dòng)詞的屬性。 　　動(dòng)詞不定式及其短語(yǔ)還可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)，雖然動(dòng)詞不定式在語(yǔ)法上沒(méi)有表面上的直接主語(yǔ)，但它表達(dá)的意義是動(dòng)作，這一動(dòng)作一定由使動(dòng)者發(fā)出。這一使動(dòng)者我們稱之為 邏輯主語(yǔ)，其形式如下：

(1)語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　如果動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。如： 　　It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.（不定式作主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)to be invited是被邀請(qǐng)） 　　It was impossible for lost time to be made up.（不定式作主語(yǔ)） 　　I wish to be sent to work in the country.（不定式作賓語(yǔ)） 　　Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?（不定式作定語(yǔ)） 　　He went to the hospital to be examined.（不定式作狀語(yǔ)） 　　在There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語(yǔ)的不定式可用被動(dòng)，也可用主動(dòng)。如：There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有時(shí)兩種形式表達(dá)的意思不同，如：These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)

(2)時(shí)態(tài)

　　1) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后。 　　He seems to know this. 　　I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.　我希望再見(jiàn)到你。 　　2) 完成時(shí)：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。 　　I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble. 　　He seems to have caught a cold. 　　3) 進(jìn)行時(shí)： 表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 　　He seems to be eating something. 　　4) 完成進(jìn)行時(shí)： 　　She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years. 　　一般在情緒后加to do to do 也表將來(lái)

編輯本段[疑問(wèn)詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)]

　　疑問(wèn)詞who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表 語(yǔ)等。如： 　?、賅hen to leave for London has not been decided yet. （不定式在句子中做主語(yǔ)） 　?、贛r. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. （不定式在句子中做賓語(yǔ)） 　　③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. （不定式在句子中做直接賓語(yǔ)） 　?、躎he question was where to get the medicine needed. （不定式在句子中表語(yǔ)） 　　以上例句中疑問(wèn)詞+不定式部分，均可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的從句形式。如：①When we shall leave…③…how I 　　could learn… 　　經(jīng)常在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中使用的動(dòng)詞有：consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, hear, know, lea rn, observe, understand, wonder等。

編輯本段[動(dòng)詞不定式的語(yǔ)法功能]

一、作主語(yǔ)

　　動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)，其位置有以下兩種： 　　(1)把不定式置于句首。如： 　　To get there by bike will take us half an hour. 　　(2)用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： 　　①It+be+名詞+to do 　　It's our duty to take good care of the old. 　?、贗t takes sb+some time+to do 　　How long did it take you to finish the work? 　?、跧t+be+形容詞+for sb+to do 　　It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. 　?、躀t+be+形容詞+of sb+to do 　　It is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher says. 　?、軮t seems(appears)+形容詞+to do 　　It seemed impossible to save money. 　　在句型③中，常用表示客觀情況的形容詞，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等；在句型④中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)的詞。在不定式前的sb，可看作其邏輯主語(yǔ)。這一句式有時(shí)相當(dāng)于Sb is+形容詞+to do句式 ，如：It'skind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English. 　　(3)舉例 　　1） It's easy (for me) to do that.我做這事太容易了 　　easy,　difficult,　hard,　important,　possible,　impossible,　comfortable,　necessary,　better;　 　　the first,　the next,　the last,　the best,　too much,　too little,　not enough 　　It's so nice to hear your voice. 　　聽(tīng)到你的聲音真高興。 　　It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 　　當(dāng)你不用車的時(shí)候，鎖車是有必要的。 　　2) It's very kind of him to help us.　他幫助我們，他真好。 　　Kind,　nice,　stupid,　rude,　clever,　foolish,　thoughtful,　thoughtless,　brave,　considerate(考慮周到的),　silly,　selfish(自私的) 　　例句: 　　It was silly of us to believe him.　我們真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。 　　It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.　他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這顯得太自私了。 　　注意：1) 其他系動(dòng)詞如，look，appear等也可用于此句型 　　2) 不定式作為句子成分時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 　　3) 當(dāng)不定式作主語(yǔ)的句子中又有一個(gè)不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用It is… to…的句型 　　(對(duì))To see is to believe.　百聞不如一見(jiàn)。 　　(錯(cuò))It is to believe to see.

二、作賓語(yǔ)

　　1) 以下動(dòng)詞后，只能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ) 　　afford （付得起），agree（同意），aim(力求做到), appear（顯得），arrange（安排），ask（要求），attempt （試圖），care（想要），choose（決定），claim（聲稱），condescend（屈尊），consent（準(zhǔn)許），decide（決定），demand（要求），determine（決心），endeavor（竭力），expect（期待），fail（未履行），help（幫助），hesitate（猶豫），hope（希望），learn（學(xué)會(huì)），manage（設(shè)法），neglect（疏忽），offer（主動(dòng)提出），plan（計(jì)劃），prepare（準(zhǔn)備），pretend（假裝），proceed（接著做），promise（答應(yīng)），prove（證明），refuse（拒絕），resolve（解決），seem（覺(jué)得好像），swear（發(fā)誓），tend（往往會(huì)），threaten（預(yù)示），undertake（承諾），volunteer（自愿做），vow（發(fā)誓），want（想要），wish（希望） 　　舉例：　 　　The driver failed to see the other car in time. 　　司機(jī)沒(méi)能及時(shí)看見(jiàn)另一輛車。 　　I happen to know the answer to your question. 　　我碰巧知道你那道問(wèn)題的答案。 　　2） 動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)詞+ 不定式 　　decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell 　　Please show us how to do that. 請(qǐng)演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ觥? 　　There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有這么多的錄音機(jī)，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。 　　注意:疑問(wèn)詞帶不定式在句中作成分時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 　　The question is how to put it into practice. 　　問(wèn)題是怎樣把它付諸實(shí)施。 　　3)當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，先用形式賓語(yǔ)it代替不定式，把不定式置于補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之后，即：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng) 詞+it+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)+to do句式。如： 　　We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well. 　　He feels it his duty to help the poor. 　　I find it difficult to learn English well.

三、作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)

　　1) 動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式(to do) 　　advise　allow　believe　cause　challenge　compel　declare　encourage　forbid　force　find　hire　induce instruct　invite　like　order　permit　persuade　remind　request　require　select　send　suppose　tell　train　urge　 　　例句： 　　a.　Father will not allow us to play on the street.　 　　父親不讓我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠！? 　　b.　We believe him to be guilty. 　　我們相信他是有罪的。 　　Find 的特殊用法： 　　Find 后可用分詞做賓補(bǔ)，或先加形式賓語(yǔ)，再加形容詞，最后加帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式。find后也可帶一個(gè)從句。此類動(dòng)詞還有g(shù)et，have。 　　I found him lying on the ground. 　　I found it important to learn. 　　I found that to learn English is important. 　　典型例題: 　　The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.　 　　A. lying　B. lie　C. lay　D. laying　 　　答案：A.find的賓語(yǔ)后面，用分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)，起賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)作用。現(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)主動(dòng)，也表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表達(dá)被動(dòng)。 　　2) to + be 的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。 　　Acknowledge,　believe,　consider,　think,　declare(聲稱),　discover, fancy(設(shè)想),　feel　find,　guess,　judge,　imagine,　know,　prove,　see(理解), show,　suppose,　take(以為),　understand 　　We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. 　　我們認(rèn)為湯姆是班上最好的學(xué)生之一。 　　典型例題 　　Charles Babbage is generally considered　___ the first computer.　 　　A. to invent　B. inventing　C. to have invented　D. having invented　 　　答案：A. 由consider to dosth. 排除B、D。. 此句只說(shuō)明發(fā)明這一個(gè)事實(shí)，不定式后用原形即可。而C為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，發(fā)明為點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞一般不用完成時(shí)，且此處也不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，因此不選C。 　　3) to be +形容詞 　　Seem,　appear,　be said,　be supposed,　be believed,　be thought,　be known,　be reported,　hope, wish,　desire,　want,　plan,　expect,　mean… 　　The book is believed to be uninteresting. 　　人們認(rèn)為這本書(shū)沒(méi)什么意思。 　　4)　there be+不定式 　　believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand 　　We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我們沒(méi)料到會(huì)有那么多人在哪里。 　　有些動(dòng)詞需用as 短語(yǔ)做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，如regard, think believe, take, consider. 　　We regard Tom as our best teacher.　我們認(rèn)為湯姆是我們最好的老師。 　　Mary took him as her father .　瑪麗把他當(dāng)作自己的父親。

四、作表語(yǔ)

　　不定式作表語(yǔ)表示具體動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)動(dòng)作；動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)表示抽象的一般行為。 　?、賂o be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. 　?、贛y chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter. 　?、踂hat I would suggest is to put off the meeting. 　　當(dāng)主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是不定式時(shí)，其含義一是條件，一是結(jié)果（例①）。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是aim,duty,hope,idea,mista ke,plan,purpose,suggestion等為中心詞的名詞詞組（例②）時(shí)，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性分句（例③），不定 式說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容。 　?、躉ur work is serving the people. 　　⑤What he likes is taking a walk after supper. 　?、轙he story told by Mr.Wang is interesting. 　　④⑤句動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，與主語(yǔ)部分可以轉(zhuǎn)換，如Serving thepeople is our work,而⑥句中是現(xiàn)在分詞作 表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在分詞具有形容詞的各種特征，另外，動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)還應(yīng)與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)區(qū)別開(kāi) 來(lái)。

五、作狀語(yǔ)

　　1）目的狀語(yǔ)　 　　To… only to (僅僅為了),　in order to,　so as to,　so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……) 　　He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.　他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。 　　I come here only to say good-bye to you.　我來(lái)僅僅是向你告別。 　　2）作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表事先沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的，要放在句子后面。 　　What have I said to make you angry. 　　He searched the room only to find nothing. 　　3)　表原因 　　I'm glad to see you. 　　典型例題 　　The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.　 　　A. sit　B. sit on　C. be seat　D. be sat on 　　答案：B.　如果不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞與介詞連用時(shí)，常位于"形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)的末尾。

六、作定語(yǔ)

　?、辈欢ㄊ阶鞫ㄕZ(yǔ) 　　不定式在句中作定語(yǔ)，置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。如： 　?、賂he next train to arrive is from Washington. 　?、贒o you have anything to be taken to your sister? 　?、跠o you have anything to say on the question? 　　④Would you please give me some paper to write on? 　?、軲y wish to visit France has come true at last. 　　不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)和被修飾詞之間表示以下關(guān)系： 　　(1)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作（例①）。 　　(2)與被修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如是不及物動(dòng)詞，則需加介詞（例④）。 　　(3)與被修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，同時(shí)與句中其它詞之間又有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，盡管有被動(dòng)含義，卻仍 用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（例③）；如只有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，而無(wú)邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，則需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（例②）。 　　(4)不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語(yǔ)從句，例①to arrive=that will arrive。

編輯本段[省to 的動(dòng)詞不定式]

介紹

　　1） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 ( 除ought 外，ought to意思是"應(yīng)該"，是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，只有一種形式，后邊接動(dòng)詞不定式，to不能省略。ought to沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后接動(dòng)詞原形可以表示現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)或過(guò)去將來(lái)，由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或上下文決定。例如： 　　They ought to come tomorrow.他們明天應(yīng)當(dāng)來(lái))： 　　2） 使役動(dòng)詞 let, have, make： 　　3） 感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。 　　注意：在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中則to 不能省掉。 　　在使役動(dòng)詞中g(shù)et除外(get sb. to do sth.) 　　I saw him dance. 　　=He was seen to dance. 　　The boss made them work the whole night. 　　=They were made to work the whole night. 　　4） 表示個(gè)人意愿或傾向的would rather，had better，might(just) as well：rather than置于句首時(shí)。 　　Rather than ride on a crowded bus,he always prefers to ride a bike. 　　5） Why… / why not…： 　　6） help 可帶to，也可不帶to, help sb (to) do sth： 　　7） but和except：but前是動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。 　　8） 由and, or和than連接的兩個(gè)不定式，第二個(gè)to 可以省去： 　　9） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等詞后，可以省去to be：　 　　He is supposed (to be) nice.　他應(yīng)該是個(gè)好人。 　　10）but作介詞，后接不定式結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，前面謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞部分若含有do的形式時(shí)，but后的不定式要省去to，否則要帶to。　 　　He wants to do nothing but go out. 　　He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 　　11）當(dāng)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)不定時(shí)短語(yǔ)由連詞and，but或or連接時(shí)，后一個(gè)或幾個(gè)不定式符號(hào)to常省略。但若表示對(duì)比、對(duì)照關(guān)系時(shí)，則不能省略。 　　He wants to move to France and marry the girl. 　　The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,not to make it more difficult. 　　12）不定式做表語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般要帶to，但若主語(yǔ)部分中含有do的各種形式時(shí)，符號(hào)to可省去。 　　We've missed the last bus.All we could do now is walk home.

典型例題

　　1) ---- I usually go there by train.　 　　---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?　 　　A. to try going　B.　trying to go　C.　to try and go　D.　try going　 　　答案：D. why not 后面接不帶to 的不定式，因此選D。 　　2） Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.　 　　A. learn　B. to learn　C. learned　D. learning 　　答案：B. make后接不帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式，當(dāng)其用于被動(dòng)時(shí)，to 不可省略。

編輯本段[動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式]...not to do...

　　Tell him not to shut the window…　 　　She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走過(guò)的時(shí)候，她假裝沒(méi)看見(jiàn)。 　　典型例題 　　1）Tell him ___ the window.　 　　A. to shut not　B. not to shut　C. to not shut 　　D. not shut　 　　答案：B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式為tell sb not to do sth. 　　2)　She pretended ___ me when I passed by.　 　　A.　not to see　B. not seeing　C. to not see 　　D.　having not seen　 　　答案：A。 pretend 后應(yīng)接不定式。其否定形式為pretend not to do sth.。 　　3）Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.　 　　A. never to drive　B. to never driver　 　　C. never driving　D. never drive　 　　答案：A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式為warn sb not to do sth. 此處用的是否定詞never. 　　4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.　 　　A. not to　B. not to do　C. not do it　 　　D. do not to 　　答案：A。not to 為not to do it 的省略形式?？梢灾挥胻o這個(gè)詞，而不必重復(fù)整個(gè)不定式詞組。及物動(dòng)詞do后應(yīng)有名詞、代詞等，否則不對(duì)，因此B，D不對(duì)。 　　5) The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.　 　　A. to eat no　B. eating not　C. not to eat　 　　D. not eating 　　答案：C。warn一詞要求后用不定式，此處為不定式的被動(dòng)，否定形式為be warned not to do。

編輯本段[不定式的特殊句型]

不定式的特殊句型

　　so as to 　　1） 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。 　　Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.　 　　湯姆對(duì)事故保持沉默是為了不丟掉他的工作。 　　Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 　　輕點(diǎn)進(jìn)去，別驚醒了嬰兒。 　　2)　so kind as to ---勞駕 　　Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 　　勞駕，現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了。 　　2、 "Why not +動(dòng)詞原形"表達(dá)向某人提出建議 　　"為什么不……?" "干嗎不……?" 　　例如： 　　Why not take a holiday? 　　干嗎不去度假?

3、It's for sb.和 It's of sb.

　　1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult,　interesting, impossible等： 　　It's very hard for him to study two languages. 對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)兩門(mén)外語(yǔ)是很難的。 　　2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。 　　It's very nice of you to help me. 你來(lái)幫助我，你真是太好了。 　　for 與of 的辨別方法： 　　用介詞后面的代詞作主語(yǔ)，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語(yǔ)，造個(gè)句子。如果道理上通順用of，不通則用for。如： 　　You are nice.　(通順，所以應(yīng)用of)。 　　He is hard.　(人是困難的，不通，因此應(yīng)用for。)

4、不定式的特殊句型too…to…

　　1）too…to　太…以至于… 　　He is too excited to speak. 　　他太激動(dòng)了，說(shuō)不出話來(lái)。 　　---- Can I help you ? 需要我?guī)兔? 　　---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same.　不用了。這箱子太重，恐怕你搬不動(dòng)。謝謝您。 　　2) 如在too前有否定詞，則整個(gè)句子用否定詞表達(dá)肯定， too 后那個(gè)詞表達(dá)一種委婉含義，意 為"不太"。 　　It's never too late to mend.　(諺語(yǔ)) 　　改過(guò)不嫌晚。 　　3)　當(dāng)too 前面有only, all, but時(shí)，意思是：非常… 等于very。 　　I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高興能幫助你。 　　He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。[動(dòng)詞不定式的"to"與介詞的"to"區(qū)別]　　to 有兩種用法： 　　一為不定式+動(dòng)詞原形； 　　一為介詞+名詞/動(dòng)名詞, to 在下面的用法中是第二種，即to+ 名詞/動(dòng)名詞： 　　admit to承認(rèn)，confess to承認(rèn)，be accustomed to 習(xí)慣于，be used to 習(xí)慣于， stick to 堅(jiān)持， turn to開(kāi)始，著手于， devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于，　be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望，pay attention to 注意 　　介詞but,except,besides+to do(do) 　　在這種句型中，如介詞前有動(dòng)詞do，后面應(yīng)接不帶to的不定式；如無(wú)do，則接to不定式，即帶do不帶to， 帶to不帶do。如： 　　The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in. 　　On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV.

編輯本段[動(dòng)詞不定式與動(dòng)名詞區(qū)別與聯(lián)系]

1 動(dòng)名詞與不定式的區(qū)別：

　　動(dòng)名詞表達(dá)的是： 狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)，心境，抽象，經(jīng)常性，已發(fā)生的　不定式表達(dá)的是： 目的，結(jié)果，原因，具體，一次性，將發(fā)生的

2 接不定式或動(dòng)名詞，意義相同

　　3)在下列情況下，一般要用不定式： 　　①hate,like,love前有would(should)時(shí)，如：I'd like to have a cup of coffee. 　　②當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞begin,continue,start等是進(jìn)行式時(shí)，如：Thestudents are starting to work on the di fficult maths problem. 　　③begin,continue,start與know,understand等狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，如：I soon began to understand what was happening. 　?、碼dvise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，或帶不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如： 　　Our teachers don't permit our/us swimming in the lake. 　　Our teachers don't permit us to swim in the lake. 　　4） 部分動(dòng)詞后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，意義差別較大，應(yīng)根據(jù)句子語(yǔ)境選擇使用。 　?、賔orget,remember,regret后接不定式，表示現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)的動(dòng)作，接動(dòng)名詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。如： 　　Don't forget to post the letter for me. 　　Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport? 　　Remember to close the windows before you leave. 　　I remember writing him a letter a year ago. 　　We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited toattend the meeting. 　　They regretted ordering these books from abroad.

編輯本段動(dòng)名詞與不定式語(yǔ)義不同的有11 組

目錄

　　1　stop to do　stop doing　 　　2 forget to do　forget doing 　　3　remember to do　remember doing　 　　4 regret to do　regret doing 　　5　cease to do　cease doing　 　　6 try to do　try doing 　　7　go on to do　go on doing　 　　8 afraid to do　afraid doing 　　9　interested to do　interested doing　 　　10 mean to do　mean doing 　　11 begin/ start to do　begin/ start doing

1 forget doing/to do

　　forget to do　忘記要去做某事?！?未做) 　　forget doing　忘記做過(guò)某事。　(已做) 　　The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off. 　　辦公室的燈還在亮著，它忘記關(guān)了。(沒(méi)有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作) 　　He forgot turning the light off. 　　他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。　( 已做過(guò)關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作) 　　Don't forget to come tomorrow. 　　別忘了明天來(lái)?！?to come動(dòng)作未做) 　　典型例題 　　---- The light in the office is still on. 　　---- Oh，I forgot___.　 　　A. turning it off　B. turn it off　C. to turn it off　D. having turned 　　it off 　　答案：C。由the light is still on 可知燈亮著，即關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作沒(méi)有發(fā)生，因此用forget to do sth. 　　而forget doing sth表示燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了，而自己忘記了這一事實(shí)。此處不符合題意。

2 stop doing/to do

　　stop to do　停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。 　　stop doing　停止做某事。 　　They stop to smoke a cigarette.　他們停下來(lái)，抽了根煙。 　　I must stop smoking.　我必須戒煙了。 　　典型例題

　　　She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___　on a big rock by the 　　side of the path.　 　　A. to have rested　B. resting　C. to rest　D. rest 　　答案：C。由題意可知，她到了山頂，停下來(lái)在一個(gè)路邊的大石頭上休息。因此，應(yīng)選擇"stop to do sth. 　　停下來(lái)去做另一件事"。而不僅僅是爬山動(dòng)作的終止，所以stop doing sth.不正確。

3 remember doing/to do

　　remember to do 記得去做某事　(未做) 　　remember doing　記得做過(guò)某事　(已做) 　　Remember to go to the post office after school. 　　記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。 　　Don't you remember seeing the man before? 　　你不記得以前見(jiàn)過(guò)那個(gè)人嗎?

4 regret doing/to do

　　regret to do　對(duì)要做的事遺憾?！?未做) 　　regret doing　對(duì)做過(guò)的事遺憾、后悔。　(已做) 　　I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 　　我很遺憾必須這樣去做，我實(shí)在沒(méi)有辦法。 　　I don't regret telling her what I thought.　 　　我不為告訴她我的想法而后悔。 　　典型例題 　　---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. 　　---Well, now I regret ___ that. 　　A. to do　B. to be doing　C.　to have done　D.　having done 　　答案：D。regret having done sth. 對(duì)已發(fā)生的事感到遺憾。regret to do sth. 　　對(duì)將要做的事感到遺憾。本題為對(duì)已說(shuō)的話感到后悔，因此選D。

5 cease doing/to do

　　cease to do　長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，甚至永遠(yuǎn)停做某事。 　　cease doing　短時(shí)停止做某事，以后還會(huì)接著做。 　　That department has ceased to exist forever. 　　那個(gè)部門(mén)已不復(fù)存在。 　　The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by. 　　姑娘們?cè)诶蠋熥哌^(guò)時(shí)，停了會(huì)聊天。

6 try doing/to do

　　try to do　努力，企圖做某事。 　　try doing　試驗(yàn)，試著做某事。 　　You must try to be more careful. 　　你可要多加小心。 　　I tried gardening but didn't succeed. 　　我試著種果木花卉，但未成功。

7 go on doing/to do

　　go on to do　做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。 　　go on doing　繼續(xù)做原來(lái)做的事。 　　After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 　　做完數(shù)學(xué)后，他接著去做物理。 　　Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 　　作完這個(gè)練習(xí)后，接著做其他的練習(xí)

8 be afraid doing/to do

　　be afraid to do　不敢，膽怯去做某事，是主觀上的原因不去做，意為"怕"； 　　be afraid of doing　擔(dān)心出現(xiàn)doing的狀況、結(jié)果。 doing 是客觀上造成的，意為"生怕，恐怕"。 　　She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being 　　bitten by a snake. 　　她生怕被蛇咬著，而不敢在草叢中再走一步。 　　She was afraid to wake her husband. 　　她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。 　　She was afraid of waking her husband. 　　她生怕吵醒她丈夫。 　　.

9 be interested doing/to do

　　interested to do　對(duì)做某事感興趣，想了解某事。 　　interested in doing　對(duì)某種想法感興趣，doing 通常為想法。 　　I shall be interested to know what happens. 　　我很想知道發(fā)生了什么事。 (想了解) 　　I'm interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that? 　　我對(duì)在瑞士工作感興趣。你想過(guò)這事嗎?　(一種想法)

10 mean to doing/to do

　　mean to do　打算、想 　　mean doing　意味著 　　I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 　　我想去，但是我父親不肯讓我去。 　　To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 　　贈(zèng)加工資意味著增加購(gòu)買力。

11 begin(start) doing/to do

　　begin / start to do sth 　　begin / start doing sth. 　　1)　談及一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期活動(dòng)或開(kāi)始一種習(xí)慣時(shí)，使用doing. 　　How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 　　你幾歲時(shí)開(kāi)始彈鋼琴？ 　　2)　begin, start用進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)，后面動(dòng)詞用不定式to do 　　I was beginning to get angry。 　　我開(kāi)始生起氣來(lái)。 　　3)　在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize這類動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常用不定式to 　　do。 　　I begin to understand the truth。 　　我開(kāi)始明白真相。 　　4)　物作主語(yǔ)時(shí) 　　It began to melt. 　　⒉動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài),語(yǔ)態(tài) 　　(1)時(shí)態(tài) 　?、僖话闶?動(dòng)詞不定式一般式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后,有時(shí)表示同時(shí)發(fā)生.如: 　　I hope to become a university student this year.(to become發(fā)生在hope之后) 　　We often hear Dick play the piano in the next room.(play和hear同時(shí)發(fā)生) 　?、谕瓿墒?表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前.如: 　　I'm sorry to have kept you waiting. 　　We are too young to have seen the old society. 　?、圻M(jìn)行式:表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生.如: 　　The teacher happened to be correcting our papers when I came in. 　　They seemed to be discussing something important. 　　(2)語(yǔ)態(tài) 　　如果動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者,不定式一般要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式.如: 　　It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.(不定式作主語(yǔ)) 　　It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主語(yǔ)) 　　I wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作賓語(yǔ)) 　　Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired (不定式作定語(yǔ)) 　　He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作狀語(yǔ)) 　　在There be結(jié)構(gòu)中,修飾主語(yǔ)的不定式可用被動(dòng),也可用主動(dòng).如:There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有時(shí)兩種形式表達(dá)的意思不同,如:These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.) 　?、硠?dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài),語(yǔ)態(tài) 　　(1)時(shí)態(tài) 　?、僖话闶?動(dòng)名詞的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作可以是泛指,也可與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生,或發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前 ,之后.如: 　　We are interested in collecting stamps. 　　I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time. 　　We are not afraid of dying. 　?、谕瓿墒剿硎镜膭?dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前.如: 　　Imagine having travelled on the moon. 　　We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time. 　　(2)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 　?、偃绻麆?dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者,動(dòng)名詞要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有一 般式與完成式之分.如: 　　The young man came in without being noticed. 　　He prided himself on having never been beaten in class. 　　②有些動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式,但表示被動(dòng)意義.如: 　　The bike needs repairing. 　　If a thing is worth doing, it is worth doing well. 　?、丛?a target=_blank>口語(yǔ)中,為避免重復(fù),常用"to"代替不定式結(jié)構(gòu),有時(shí)甚至可以把to省略.如: 　?、?Did you go to visit the Great Wall 　　-No, I wanted to, but there wasn't enough time. 　?、?Would you like to come to a party 　　-I'd love to. 　　③-Don't make any mistakes in your homework, will you 　　-I'll try not to. 　?、?Try to be back by 12, won't you 　　-OK, I'll try. 　　另外,be going to, ought to, used to等也常用于這一結(jié)構(gòu)中. 　　⒌在why引起的問(wèn)句中,省略"to".如: 　　Why spend such a lot of money 　　Why not wait for a couple of days 　?、懂?dāng)兩個(gè)或更多作用相同的不定式并列使用時(shí),只在第一個(gè)不定式前加"to".如: 　　It's quite necessary for us to read more and have more practice. 　?、?to"在下列短語(yǔ)中是"介詞",后接動(dòng)名詞或名詞形式.如: 　　devote…to, face up to(勇敢地面對(duì)),look forward to(盼望),object to(反對(duì)),take to(養(yǎng) 成習(xí)慣,對(duì)……感興趣;開(kāi)始從事某種活動(dòng)),be used to(習(xí)慣于)等.

編輯本段不定式完成進(jìn)行式與完成被動(dòng)式的用法

一、不定式被動(dòng)式的用法

　　不定式到底用主動(dòng)形式還是被動(dòng)形式，往往取決于句子的意思，即意思上為主動(dòng)就用主動(dòng)形式，意思上為被動(dòng)就用被動(dòng)形式： 　　Did it need to be done so soon? 這事需要這么快就做嗎? 　　She can’t bear to be laughed at. 她受不了被人嘲笑。 　　There was business to be taken care of. 有生意要人管理。 　　It remains to be seen whether you are right. 你是否正確，以后見(jiàn)分曉。 　　There was a lot of rubbish to be got rid of. 有大量垃圾需要扔掉。

二、不定式完成被動(dòng)式的用法

　　不定式的完成被動(dòng)式表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作： 　　I’m pleased to have been given this opportunity. 給了我這次機(jī)會(huì)我很高興。 　　It’s said to have been built in the Ming dynasty. 據(jù)說(shuō)它是明朝修建的。^[1]

編輯本段不定式完成式的三種用法

一、表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前的動(dòng)作

　　He seems to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了。 　　I hate to have quarreled with her. 我后悔和她吵架了。 　　I believe it to have been a mistake. 我相信這是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。 　　You appear to have travelled quite a lot. 你似乎作過(guò)多次旅行。 　　I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble. 對(duì)不起給了你這么多麻煩。 　　It’s said to have been built in the Ming dynasty. 據(jù)說(shuō)它是明朝修建的。

二、表示在某個(gè)給定的時(shí)間之前已完成的動(dòng)作

　　I hope to have finished the work by now. 我希望現(xiàn)在以前已完成這項(xiàng)工作。

三、表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法和愿望

　　I should like to have come earlier. 我本想早點(diǎn)來(lái)的。 　　We were to have been married last year. 我們本來(lái)打算去年結(jié)婚的。^[2]

編輯本段補(bǔ)There be句型句中的動(dòng)詞不定式

　　在There be句型中的動(dòng)詞不定式 　　For example one, There are too much homework to write. 　　two, There are students writing too much homework.