中學(xué)英語最常用9個介詞的用法
介詞在英語里出現(xiàn)非常頻繁，它的搭配眾多且意義豐富。在整個中學(xué)階段，介詞的搭配是同學(xué)們感到較為棘手的問題之一。在多年高中英語教學(xué)中，筆者總結(jié)了常用介詞的各種搭配，這里把它們歸納起來，供同學(xué)們復(fù)習(xí)備考參閱。
一、ABOUT
1.動詞+about+sth.。about在此表示“論及，談起，涉及，著手”等意思：
arrange about安排，argue about辯論, ask about詢問，bring about帶來，chat about閑聊，care about在意，complain about報(bào)怨，go about著手，hear about聽說, inquire about打聽,know about了解， quarrel about爭論，read about讀到, see about負(fù)責(zé)處理，set about開始, speak about談起, talk about談?wù)? think about考慮, trouble about擔(dān)心，tell about講述，worry about著急?，F(xiàn)舉例說明其中一些短語的用法：
She inquired about my brother. 她向我打聽有關(guān)我兄弟的情況。
I must set about my packing. 我必須開始收拾行裝。
What are you chatting about? 你們在聊什么呢？
2. be +形容詞+about+sth.。about在此意思是“為…，對…”，接表原因的詞：
be anxious about為…著急, be bad about對…感到不舒服，be busy about忙于…,be careful about小心…, be certain about對…有把握, be concerned about關(guān)心…,be crazy about為…發(fā)狂，be excited about為…感到激動, be happy about為…而高興,be mad about為…發(fā)瘋，be nervous about對…感到緊張, be particular about挑剔…,be pleased about為…興奮，be strict about對…嚴(yán)格，be thoughtful about對…考慮周到的，be uneasy about為…感受到不安。請看例句：
What have you been busy about today? 今天在忙些什么？
You are certainly very thoughtful about others. 你為別人想得太周到了。
I’m strict about such things. 對這些事我是很嚴(yán)格的。
注：come about發(fā)生，get about（疾病、謠言）流行，turn about轉(zhuǎn)身，
leave about到處亂放，lie about隨便堆放，put about打擾;傳播，
put oneself about使…發(fā)愁。這些詞組中about作副詞，此時about不能接賓語。
二、AFTER
1.動詞+ after。介詞after有“追趕，問候，效仿”之意：ask after問候, be after尋求,do(sth.)after學(xué)著做，go after設(shè)法得到, inquire after問候, look after尋找,run after追求, seek after追逐, take after長得像。例如：
Every afternoon he called to ask after his girl friend.他每天下午都打電話問候他的女朋友。
The boy takes after his father. 這男孩長得像他父親。
The dogs went after the wounded deer. 一群狗在追趕那只受傷的鹿。
2.after構(gòu)成的其它短語。after在不同的短語中意思各異：
after a little/moment/while過了一會，after all畢竟,after dark天黑以后，after one’s heart合…的心, after school放學(xué)后， after service售后服務(wù)，after the fashion勉強(qiáng)， day after day日復(fù)一日，one after another一個接一個，year after year年復(fù)一年。例如：
Don’t be too strict with him. After all he is still a child.
不要太苛刻了，畢竟他還是個孩子。
He can speak and write English after a fashion.
他多少會說和寫一點(diǎn)英語，但不太好。
三、AT
1.動詞+ at。at表示“指向某一目標(biāo)，到達(dá)某地”：arrive at抵達(dá),call at訪問某地, catch at(it)當(dāng)場抓住, come at攻擊, fire at向…開火,glance at瞟一眼, glare at怒目而視, grieve at憂傷，knock at敲,laugh at嘲笑, look at看一眼, pull at拉扯, rejoice at對…高興，smile at向某人微笑, shoot at朝…射擊, stare at怒目而視,thrust at刺向, tear at撕, tremble at顫抖，wonder at吃驚，work at工作。例如：
Don’t let me catch you again at it.不要再讓我當(dāng)場逮住你。
We must “shoot the arrow at the target”. 我們必須有的放矢。
They trembled at the sight of the peasant’s spears.看到農(nóng)民的梭標(biāo)，他們陣陣發(fā)抖。
2. be +形容詞/過去分詞+ at。其中at表示“情緒、情感的原因，或?qū)δ澄锞哂心撤N感情”：be angry at惱怒于, be alarmed at對…保持警覺,be astonished at對…吃驚, be bad at不擅長, be clever at對某事很靈巧,be delighted at高興，be disgusted at厭惡, be disappointed at對…失望，be good at擅長, be impatient at對…不夠耐心, be mad at狂熱于,be pleased at對…感到高興, be present at出席, be satisfied at滿意,be surprised at吃驚, be shocked at對…非常震驚，be terrified at受到…的恐嚇,be quick at對…很機(jī)敏。例如：
They were overjoyed at his return to work. 他們對他重返工作感到欣喜。
They are alarmed at the growth of the liberation movement in the colonies.
他們對殖民地日益壯大的解放運(yùn)動警覺起來。
3.at+名詞構(gòu)成的詞組：at a distance在一定距離，at a loss不知所措，
at a time一次，at all一點(diǎn)也不，at any cost不惜一切代價，at best最好也只是，at first起初，at hand手頭，at heart在內(nèi)心里，at home在家；無拘束，at last最后，at least至少，at most最多，at once馬上，at present目前，at sea不知所措，at times有時，at will任意地，at work起作用，at worst最壞。
4.其它含有at的短語：work hard at勤奮工作，drop in at順路拜訪。
四、FOR
1.動詞+for
a)動詞+for。for表原因、目的：account for解釋；說明, answer for對…負(fù)責(zé),apply for申請；請求, apologize for為…而道歉, beg for請求, call for要求,care for在意, enter for報(bào)名參加, fight for為…而戰(zhàn), hope for希望,inquire for查詢；求見, leave for離開某地到另一地, look for尋找, long for盼望,mistake for誤認(rèn)為, plan for計(jì)劃做某事, prepare for為…作準(zhǔn)備,provide for為…提供, reach for伸手去拿, run for競選, stand for象征,search for搜尋, send for派人去請, speak for陳述意見、愿望, take for當(dāng)作, wish for希望, wait for等待。例如：
His illness accounts for his absence. 他因病缺席。
The baby reached for the apple but couldn’t reach it.那嬰兒伸手去蘋果，但夠不著。
He who would search for pearls must dive below.要想找到珍珠，必須潛到海底。
b)動詞+sb.+ for +sth.。for表示原因或目的：ask for要求得到,blame for因…責(zé)備, excuse for寬恕, forgive for諒解, pardon for原諒,pay for花錢買, praise for稱贊, punish for對…進(jìn)行懲罰,push for催逼，reward for酬謝, thank for對…表示謝意。例如：
Please excuse me for my being late. 請?jiān)徫业倪t到。
Forgive me for my keeping you waiting. 請見諒，讓你久等了。
2. be +形容詞+for。for表作用、目的、對人或物有某種情緒等：be anxious for急于做, be eager for渴望, be bad for有害于,be convenient for便于, be good for利于, be famous for以…出名,be fit for適合于, be grateful for對…心存感激, be impatient for對…不耐煩,be late for遲到, be necessary for有必要, be ready for作好準(zhǔn)備,be sorry for為…而后悔, be responsible for對…負(fù)責(zé),be suitable for適合于, be unfit for不適合, be useful for對…有作用。例如：
He is eager for success. 他渴望成功。
The government is responsible for the nation’s welfare.政府負(fù)責(zé)民眾的福利。
3.for+名詞構(gòu)成的詞組：for all盡管，for a song非常便宜地，for certain確切地，for company陪著，for ever永遠(yuǎn)，for example例如，for fear以免，for fair肯定地，for free免費(fèi)，for fun為了好玩，for good永遠(yuǎn)，for instance比方，for luck祝福，for life終身，for long長久，for nothing白白地，for once有生第一次，for oneself替自己，for pleasure為了消遣，for reason因?yàn)椤碛?，for sale供出售，for shame真不害臊，for short簡稱，for sport好玩，for sure確切地。
4.動詞+副詞/名詞+for構(gòu)成的短語：be in for將遇到，make up for彌補(bǔ)，go in for從事，l o ok out for提防，take sth. for granted把…當(dāng)作理所當(dāng)然,have an ear for音感好, have a gift for有某方面的天賦。
五、FROM
1.動詞+from
a)動詞+ from。from表示“來源、原因、起始”等：come from來自,date from追溯, depart from違背, die from死于, escape from逃出,fall from自…跌落, hang from垂掛, hear from收到來信,learn from向某人學(xué)習(xí), return from自某地返回，rise from自…冒出, result from起因于, suffer from忍受。例如：
All the characters in the book are drawn from real life.書中所有的人物都來自于真實(shí)的生活。
Any damage resulting from negligence must be paid for by the borrower. 因疏忽引起的任何損壞都應(yīng)由借用者負(fù)責(zé)賠償。
He has recovered from his surprise. 他好不容易回過神來。
b)動詞+ sth./sb. +from + sth./ sb. /a place。from表示“來源、免于”等：borrow from向…借, choose from選自, excuse from免除, keep from阻止做,prevent from不準(zhǔn)做, protect from不受…之害, receive from收到,remove from移動；除去, save from保全；拯救, separate from分離開來,stop from阻止。例如：
He was excused from attendance at the lecture. 他獲準(zhǔn)可不去聽課。
Stop the child from spoiling the book. 不要讓孩子弄壞了書。
2. be +形容詞+ from。此時from含義眾多：be absent from缺席,be different from與眾不同, be far from更不用說, be hidden from躲避,be made from用…制成, be tired from因…而疲倦。例如：
The boy can’t walk and is far from running.那男孩不會走路，更不用說跑了。
3.from…to…。本短語表示從一種狀態(tài)到另一狀態(tài)的變化或從…到…：from bad to worse每況愈下，from beginning to end自始至終，from cover to cover從頭到尾，from China to Peru到處，from day to day一天一天地，from door to door挨家挨戶，from end to end從頭至尾，from first to last自始至終，from hand to mouth勉強(qiáng)糊冢琭rom head to foot從頭到腳，from mouth to mouth廣泛流傳，from sun to sun從日出到日落，from start to finish從頭開始，from top to toe從頭到腳，from time to time不時地，from top to bottom徹底地。
六、IN
1.動詞+in
a)動詞+ in。in在短語中的含義異常豐富：believe in信任, break in碎成，bring in引起；產(chǎn)生；帶來, call in下令收回, fill in填充,get in收獲, hand in上繳, involve in涉及, lie in在于, result in導(dǎo)致, share in共享,succeed in成功, take in卷起；訂閱, turn in歸還當(dāng)局。例如：
He was so short of money that he had to call in the loans that he had made. 他很缺乏資金，不得不收回所有的款子。
Your failure lies in your laziness. 你失敗的原因在于懶惰。
Orders are given to take in sail.已發(fā)布收帆的命令。
b)動詞+sb./time/money+ in。介詞in后接（doing）sth.：help sb. in幫助某人做某事, spare time/money in勻出時間或錢做某事,spend time/money in花時間或錢做某事,waste time/money in浪費(fèi)時間或錢做某事。例如：
She offered to help him in the housekeeping when I am not here.她提出，我不在家時她可以幫助他料理家務(wù)。
2. be +形容詞+ in。in表示“在某些方面或穿著”：be active in活躍于,be absorbed in專心致志, be busy in忙碌, be born in出生于,be concerned in牽涉, be clothed in穿著, be disappointed in對…失望,be diligent in勤于, be experienced in在…有經(jīng)驗(yàn), be employed in任職于,be engaged in忙碌, be expert in某方面的專家, be excellent in在…優(yōu)秀,be interested in對…有興趣, be lacking in缺乏, be rich in富有,be slow in遲緩, be successful in在某方面成功, be skilled in精于,be strict in嚴(yán)于, be weak in弱于。例如：
She was completely absorbed in her own affairs. 她完全專注于自己的事務(wù)。
More than one person has been concerned in this. 不只一人牽涉到這件事?！?
3. in +名詞。 in表示“處于某種狀態(tài)或在某些方面”等意思：in advance提前,in all總共，in balance總而言之，in bed臥床，in body親自，in brief簡明扼要，in case萬一, in charge主管，in danger有危險(xiǎn), in debt負(fù)債, in despair失望,in force大量地；有效，in full全部地, in flower開花,in general一般說來,in itself本身, in love戀愛, in order井然有序, in person親自,in public公開地, in progress有進(jìn)展, in practice從實(shí)踐上看, in rags穿著破衣, in research探索, in return作為報(bào)答,in ruins一片廢墟,in short總之,in theory從理論上看, in trouble有麻煩, in tears眼淚汪汪,in time及時, in turn按順序, in vain白白地，in view看得見。
注意下列幾個詞組中的in為副詞：check in到達(dá)登記，cut in插嘴，count in包括,draw in時間接近, drop in順路拜訪, give in屈服, pour in源源而來。
七、OF
1.動詞+of
a)動詞+of。of意為“有關(guān)，由于”： beg of(sb.)請求某人,complain of抱怨，consist of由…構(gòu)成, die of死于, dream of夢想, hear of聽說, know of了解,speak of談及, tell of講到, think of想起, talk of論及。例如：
Never has one of them complained of all the trouble we give.從來沒有人抱怨我們帶來這么多麻煩。
Carbon dioxide consists of carbon and oxygen. 二氧化碳由碳、氧兩種元素組成。
b)動詞+sb.+of+sth.。其中of有“剝奪，有關(guān)”之意：accuse of控告（譴責(zé)，非難）某人, cheat of騙走, deprive of剝奪,inform of匯報(bào), rob of搶走, remind of提醒, warn of警告。例如：
He has cheated me of my poverty. 他騙走了我的財(cái)產(chǎn)。
They are deprived of their rights as citizens.他們的公民權(quán)都被剝奪了。
c)動詞+sth.+ of +sb.。介詞of表動賓關(guān)系，后接動作的賓語
sb.：request of請求(某人做某事), require of要求得到。例如：
All I request of you is that you should come here early.我唯一的請求就是希望你早點(diǎn)來。
You have done all the law requires of you.你做的這一切都是法律對你的要求。
2. be +形容詞+ of。of后接表對象或目標(biāo)的詞，這類短語有很多：
be aware of覺察, be ashamed of以…為恥, be afraid of擔(dān)心,be bare of沒有, be careful of小心, be clear of還清債務(wù),be certain of確信, be composed of由…構(gòu)成, be envious of嫉妒,be forgetful of健忘, be fond of喜歡, be free of免于；擺脫, be full of充滿, be guilty of認(rèn)罪, be hopeful of抱有希望,be informed of匯報(bào), be impatient of對…無耐心, be jealous of嫉妒,be made of用…制成, be mindful of留意, be proud of以…為驕傲,be sick of煩于, be short of缺乏, be sure of確信, be tired of困于,be worthy of值得。
3.of+名詞構(gòu)成的詞組：of age成年, of choice精選的，of course當(dāng)然,of late最近，of name有名的，of oneself自動地，of purpose有意地，of use有用，of values有價值的。
八、ON
1.動詞+on
a)動詞+ on。介詞on表示“憑借，產(chǎn)生某結(jié)果，接通”等意思：act on對…有作用, bring on促使；導(dǎo)致, call on拜訪某人,count on依賴, carry on執(zhí)行,depend on取決, feed on以…為生,figure on料想；推斷, go on繼續(xù),have on穿著, insist on堅(jiān)持,keep on繼續(xù), lean on依賴, live on以…為生, pull on迅速穿上,put on穿上, switch on接通（電源）, take to喜歡；養(yǎng)成；輕易學(xué)會，turn on接通（電源）, work on操作, wait on侍候。例如：
This kind of medicine acts on the heart. 這種藥對心臟有好處。
The fine weather brings on the crops nicely. 好天氣促使莊稼長勢良好。
We count on you to help. 我們有賴你的幫助。
b)動詞+sb.(sth.)+ on +sb.(sth.)。on的意思是“以…，對…，在某方面”：base on以…為基礎(chǔ), congratulate on恭賀, fix on固定, have mercy on憐憫,have pity on憐惜, keep watch on監(jiān)視, spend on把時間、精力花在某方面。例如：
Theory should be based on practice. 理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際。
Congratulate on your success in the competition. 恭喜你競賽獲得成功。
2.be+形容詞+on的詞組：be dependent on依賴, be hard on對某人苛刻,be impressed on對…印象深刻, be keen on渴望, be strict on對…嚴(yán)格。例如：
We can’t just be dependent on our parents. 我們不能只依賴父母。
He is keen on going abroad. 他渴望出國。
3.on+名詞構(gòu)成的詞組：on表示處于某種狀態(tài)或在某個方位：on board乘（車,飛機(jī)）,on call聽候召喚, on duty值班, on earth到底, on fire著火, on foot步行，on guard在崗，on hire雇用，on holiday度假，on leave休假，on one’s knees跪下,on one’s way在…的路上,on purpose故意, on sale待售，on shore在岸上,on time準(zhǔn)時, on the move行動, on the other hand另一方面, on the spot當(dāng)場,on the tip of one’s tongue快要說出口, on top of在…的頂部，on watch值班。
九、TO
1.動詞+to
a)動詞+ to。介詞to意為“達(dá)到，指向”等：adjust to適應(yīng), attend to處理；照料, agree to贊同, amount to加起來達(dá)…，belong to屬于, come to達(dá)到, drink to為…干杯，get to到達(dá), happen to發(fā)生在某人身上, hold to緊握, lead to通向, listen to聽, occur to想起, object to反對, point to指向, respond to回答, refer to參考；指的是…；涉及, reply to回答, see to負(fù)責(zé),stick to堅(jiān)持, turn to求助, write to給某人寫信。例如：
She must learn to adjust herself to English life. 她必須學(xué)會適應(yīng)英國的生活。
Business has to be attended to. 有事要辦。
An idea occurred to me. 我想出一個辦法。
b)動詞(+sth.)+to+sb.。下列動詞不能直接帶間接賓語sb.，要接間接賓語時須在動詞后加介詞to：announce to通知某人, describe to向某人描述, explain to向某人解釋, express to對某人表達(dá), mention to提及, nod to向某人點(diǎn)頭, report to報(bào)告, say to告知, shout to對某人大叫, suggest to對某人提建議,speak to與某人交談, talk to跟某人談話, whisper to和某人低聲耳語。例如：
She suggested to me one or two suitable people for the committee.她跟我向委員會推舉了一兩個合適的人選。
c)動詞+sth./sb.+ to +sth./sb.。此時介詞to可譯成“到，于，給”等意思：add to增加, compare to比作, carry to運(yùn)送至, devote to致力于,introduce to介紹給, invite to邀請參加, join to連接到, leave to委托給,reduce to下降至, sentence to判處, take to帶到。例如：
Please add a piece of candy to coffee. 請給咖啡加塊糖。
Poets like to compare life to stage. 詩人喜歡把人生比作舞臺。
2. be +形容詞/過去分詞+ to。to的意思是“對…”：be alive to覺察；曉得,be attentive to注意；留心, be awake to知曉, be blind to缺乏眼光,be close to緊挨著, be common to對某人來說很普通, be contrary to違反；反對, be devoted to致力, be deaf to不愿意聽, be equal to有…的力量,be exposed to暴露；遭受, be fair to對…公平, be familiar to對某人來說熟悉,be grateful to對某人心存感激, be good to對…有好處, be harmful to對…有危害,be important to對…重要, be kind to友好對待, be known to周知于,be married to嫁給, be moved to轉(zhuǎn)移到, be near to靠近,be necessary to對…有必要, be opposite to在對面, be opposed to反對,be pleasant to合某人之意, be proper to專屬, be polite to禮貌待人,be rude to粗暴對待, be relative to與…有關(guān), be strange to不習(xí)慣,be similar to類似, be suitable to適合, be true to忠實(shí),be thankful to感激, be useful to對…有用, be used to習(xí)慣。例如：
Are you alive to what is going on? 你注意到發(fā)生什么事了嗎？
The old man was not equal to the situation. 那老人不能應(yīng)付這種情況。
His house is opposite to mine. 他的房子在我的房子對面。
3.to+名詞構(gòu)成的詞組有：to a degree在某種程度上, to date到現(xiàn)在為止,to one’s feet跳起來，to one’s mind照…看來, to one’s surprise使…吃驚,to one’s taste符合胃口, to oneself獨(dú)自享用, to order定做,to the letter不折不扣地, to the point中肯地。