Windows下的異常碼（Exception Code）

照壁山人 2011-11-19

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上午我查一個異常碼（0xc000000d）表示的具體含義，我記得以前的確看到過這樣一個表格，可查來查去，就是沒找著地方。在網(wǎng)上也找了一些資料，但都不是我想要的，都是很籠統(tǒng)地介紹它與內(nèi)存相關(guān)，沒有找到類似0xc0000005對應(yīng) ACCESS_VIOLATION，0xc0000094對應(yīng)DIVIDE_BY_ZERO這樣精確的信息。

晚上看書的時候，通過函數(shù)GetExceptionCode終于找到我曾經(jīng)看到過的那個表格，下面是MSDN中介紹GetExceptionCode的頁面上對Exception Code的描述：

Return value	Description
EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION	The thread attempted to read from or write to a virtual address that it does not have appropriate access to.
EXCEPTION_BREAKPOINT	A breakpoint was encountered.
EXCEPTION_DATATYPE_MISALIGNMENT	The thread attempted to read or write data that is misaligned on hardware that does not provide alignment. For example, 16-bit values must be aligned on 2-byte boundaries, 32-bit values on 4-byte boundaries, and so on.
EXCEPTION_SINGLE_STEP	A trace trap or other single-instruction mechanism signaled that one instruction has been executed.
EXCEPTION_ARRAY_BOUNDS_EXCEEDED	The thread attempted to access an array element that is out of bounds, and the underlying hardware supports bounds checking.
EXCEPTION_FLT_DENORMAL_OPERAND	An operand in a floating-point operation is denormal. A denormal value is one that is too small to represent as a standard floating-point value.
EXCEPTION_FLT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO	The thread attempted to divide a floating-point value by a floating-point divisor of zero.
EXCEPTION_FLT_INEXACT_RESULT	The result of a floating-point operation cannot be represented exactly as a decimal fraction.
EXCEPTION_FLT_INVALID_OPERATION	This exception represents a floating-point exception not included in this list.
EXCEPTION_FLT_OVERFLOW	The exponent of a floating-point operation is greater than the magnitude allowed by the corresponding type.
EXCEPTION_FLT_STACK_CHECK	The stack overflowed or underflowed as a result of a floating-point operation.
EXCEPTION_FLT_UNDERFLOW	The exponent of a floating-point operation is less than the magnitude allowed by the corresponding type.
EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO	The thread attempted to divide an integer value by an integer divisor of zero.
EXCEPTION_INT_OVERFLOW	The result of an integer operation caused a carry out of the most significant bit of the result.
EXCEPTION_PRIV_INSTRUCTION	The thread attempted to execute an instruction whose operation is not allowed in the current machine mode.
EXCEPTION_NONCONTINUABLE_EXCEPTION	The thread attempted to continue execution after a noncontinuable exception occurred.

通過這些宏，又找到它們所在的位置：Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\Include\WinBase.h

#define WAIT_IO_COMPLETION STATUS_USER_APC

#define STILL_ACTIVE STATUS_PENDING

#define EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION STATUS_ACCESS_VIOLATION

#define EXCEPTION_DATATYPE_MISALIGNMENT STATUS_DATATYPE_MISALIGNMENT

#define EXCEPTION_BREAKPOINT STATUS_BREAKPOINT

#define EXCEPTION_SINGLE_STEP STATUS_SINGLE_STEP

#define EXCEPTION_ARRAY_BOUNDS_EXCEEDED STATUS_ARRAY_BOUNDS_EXCEEDED

#define EXCEPTION_FLT_DENORMAL_OPERAND STATUS_FLOAT_DENORMAL_OPERAND

#define EXCEPTION_FLT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO STATUS_FLOAT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO

#define EXCEPTION_FLT_INEXACT_RESULT STATUS_FLOAT_INEXACT_RESULT

#define EXCEPTION_FLT_INVALID_OPERATION STATUS_FLOAT_INVALID_OPERATION

#define EXCEPTION_FLT_OVERFLOW STATUS_FLOAT_OVERFLOW

#define EXCEPTION_FLT_STACK_CHECK STATUS_FLOAT_STACK_CHECK

#define EXCEPTION_FLT_UNDERFLOW STATUS_FLOAT_UNDERFLOW

#define EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO STATUS_INTEGER_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO

#define EXCEPTION_INT_OVERFLOW STATUS_INTEGER_OVERFLOW

#define EXCEPTION_PRIV_INSTRUCTION STATUS_PRIVILEGED_INSTRUCTION

#define EXCEPTION_IN_PAGE_ERROR STATUS_IN_PAGE_ERROR

#define EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION STATUS_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION

#define EXCEPTION_NONCONTINUABLE_EXCEPTION STATUS_NONCONTINUABLE_EXCEPTION

#define EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW STATUS_STACK_OVERFLOW

#define EXCEPTION_INVALID_DISPOSITION STATUS_INVALID_DISPOSITION

#define EXCEPTION_GUARD_PAGE STATUS_GUARD_PAGE_VIOLATION

#define EXCEPTION_INVALID_HANDLE STATUS_INVALID_HANDLE

#define EXCEPTION_POSSIBLE_DEADLOCK STATUS_POSSIBLE_DEADLOCK

#define CONTROL_C_EXIT STATUS_CONTROL_C_EXIT

宏STATUS_的位置：Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\Include\WinNT.h

#define STATUS_WAIT_0 ((DWORD )0x00000000L)

#define STATUS_ABANDONED_WAIT_0 ((DWORD )0x00000080L)

#define STATUS_USER_APC ((DWORD )0x000000C0L)

#define STATUS_TIMEOUT ((DWORD )0x00000102L)

#define STATUS_PENDING ((DWORD )0x00000103L)

#define DBG_EXCEPTION_HANDLED ((DWORD )0x00010001L)

#define DBG_CONTINUE ((DWORD )0x00010002L)

#define STATUS_SEGMENT_NOTIFICATION ((DWORD )0x40000005L)

#define DBG_TERMINATE_THREAD ((DWORD )0x40010003L)

#define DBG_TERMINATE_PROCESS ((DWORD )0x40010004L)

#define DBG_CONTROL_C ((DWORD )0x40010005L)

#define DBG_CONTROL_BREAK ((DWORD )0x40010008L)

#define DBG_COMMAND_EXCEPTION ((DWORD )0x40010009L)

#define STATUS_GUARD_PAGE_VIOLATION ((DWORD )0x80000001L)

#define STATUS_DATATYPE_MISALIGNMENT ((DWORD )0x80000002L)

#define STATUS_BREAKPOINT ((DWORD )0x80000003L)

#define STATUS_SINGLE_STEP ((DWORD )0x80000004L)

#define DBG_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED ((DWORD )0x80010001L)

#define STATUS_ACCESS_VIOLATION ((DWORD )0xC0000005L)

#define STATUS_IN_PAGE_ERROR ((DWORD )0xC0000006L)

#define STATUS_INVALID_HANDLE ((DWORD )0xC0000008L)

#define STATUS_NO_MEMORY ((DWORD )0xC0000017L)

#define STATUS_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION ((DWORD )0xC000001DL)

#define STATUS_NONCONTINUABLE_EXCEPTION ((DWORD )0xC0000025L)

#define STATUS_INVALID_DISPOSITION ((DWORD )0xC0000026L)

#define STATUS_ARRAY_BOUNDS_EXCEEDED ((DWORD )0xC000008CL)

#define STATUS_FLOAT_DENORMAL_OPERAND ((DWORD )0xC000008DL)

#define STATUS_FLOAT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO ((DWORD )0xC000008EL)

#define STATUS_FLOAT_INEXACT_RESULT ((DWORD )0xC000008FL)

#define STATUS_FLOAT_INVALID_OPERATION ((DWORD )0xC0000090L)

#define STATUS_FLOAT_OVERFLOW ((DWORD )0xC0000091L)

#define STATUS_FLOAT_STACK_CHECK ((DWORD )0xC0000092L)

#define STATUS_FLOAT_UNDERFLOW ((DWORD )0xC0000093L)

#define STATUS_INTEGER_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO ((DWORD )0xC0000094L)

#define STATUS_INTEGER_OVERFLOW ((DWORD )0xC0000095L)

#define STATUS_PRIVILEGED_INSTRUCTION ((DWORD )0xC0000096L)

#define STATUS_STACK_OVERFLOW ((DWORD )0xC00000FDL)

#define STATUS_CONTROL_C_EXIT ((DWORD )0xC000013AL)

#define STATUS_FLOAT_MULTIPLE_FAULTS ((DWORD )0xC00002B4L)

#define STATUS_FLOAT_MULTIPLE_TRAPS ((DWORD )0xC00002B5L)

#define STATUS_REG_NAT_CONSUMPTION ((DWORD )0xC00002C9L)

#if defined(STATUS_SUCCESS) || (_WIN32_WINNT > 0x0500) || (_WIN32_FUSION >= 0x0100)

#define STATUS_SXS_EARLY_DEACTIVATION ((DWORD )0xC015000FL)

#define STATUS_SXS_INVALID_DEACTIVATION ((DWORD )0xC0150010L)

遺憾的是，始終沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)0xc000000d的蹤跡。

我就不信了……

終于讓我找到了！

在翻看Windbg的幫助文件，查0xc0000005相關(guān)的信息時，有一節(jié)“Bug Check 0x1E: KMODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED”中提到了一個NTStatus.h的文件，通過計算機搜索，竟然與WinNT.h相同的路徑，即，Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\Include\NTStatus.h，里面規(guī)定了0xc000000d的意義：

// MessageId: STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER
// MessageText:
// An invalid parameter was passed to a service or function.
#define STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER ((NTSTATUS)0xC000000DL)

此外，這個文件中還規(guī)定了其它錯誤碼的具體含義，而且從0x00000000L~0xC01A002EL，大部分都是連續(xù)的定義，非常全，感覺這個地方才是“源頭”。

真沒想到，我苦苦追求的答案竟然與已經(jīng)找到的結(jié)果“近在咫尺”，真有點“眾里尋他千百度，驀然回首，那人卻在燈火闌珊處”的味道。

為什么同樣的錯誤碼要在兩個不同的文件（WinNT.h和NTStatus.h）中定義？而且，這些錯誤碼都是在#ifndef WIN32_NO_STATUS條件宏中定義的。這兩個文件到底有什么不同？二者又有什么聯(lián)系？