最新一期的《英國醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》(British Medical Journal)發(fā)表的一項英國學(xué)者進(jìn)行的大規(guī)模人群基礎(chǔ)上的研究結(jié)果顯示,心理問題與因心血管疾病或腫瘤等疾病而死亡的危險增加之間存在劑量-反應(yīng)關(guān)系;即使存在較低水平的心理問題(亞臨床癥狀的心理問題),其死亡危險也增加。 研究人員對英國健康調(diào)查中的10項大規(guī)模前瞻性隊列研究進(jìn)行了薈萃分析,最后入選68222名≥35歲且無心血管疾病或癌癥的受試者,通過12項一般健康問卷(GHQ-12)得分評估其基線心理衛(wèi)生狀況,并隨訪研究不同程度的心理問題和不同原因造成的死亡危險增加之間的相關(guān)性。 中位隨訪8.2年后的結(jié)果顯示,因各種疾病死亡的受試者為8365例,其中因心血管疾病死亡3382例,因腫瘤死亡2552例,因外因死亡386例。研究者發(fā)現(xiàn),無論受試者心理問題嚴(yán)重與否,均與其死亡危險增加之間存在劑量-反應(yīng)關(guān)系,校正行為問題合并軀體疾病和社會經(jīng)濟(jì)因素后,此種關(guān)系仍存在(圖1);此外,心理問題也與因心血管疾病死亡及因外因引起的死亡危險增加存在類似的相關(guān)關(guān)系;癌癥引起的死亡僅與較嚴(yán)重的心理問題相關(guān)。 ■專家點評 首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬北京安定醫(yī)院臨床流行病學(xué)研究室閆芳副主任醫(yī)師:本研究采用薈萃分析描述了不同程度的心理問題與死亡危險的相關(guān)性,其結(jié)果表明不僅嚴(yán)重的精神疾病導(dǎo)致死亡危險增加,即使存在很輕的心理問題也增加死亡危險。地區(qū)性流行病學(xué)調(diào)查顯示,不同地區(qū)和不同職業(yè)人群都有不同程度的心理衛(wèi)生問題,例如兒童行為問題的檢出率為14%-20%,公務(wù)員中也有約29.3%的人存在心理健康問題。這提示醫(yī)生應(yīng)更重視存在亞臨床癥狀心理問題者,幫助其及時改善不良的心理狀態(tài),以降低其死亡危險。 在本研究中,研究者以GHQ-12作為評定受試者心理問題的工具。這是一個包括12項內(nèi)容的自評量表,其優(yōu)點是簡便、易行,主要用于篩查人群中可疑患有精神疾病者,其主要就焦慮、抑郁、社會適應(yīng)不良、睡眠及自信心缺乏等癥狀進(jìn)行了詢問(圖2)。全科醫(yī)生可使用GHQ-12定期進(jìn)行精神疾病篩查,了解居民的心理衛(wèi)生狀況,根據(jù)不同的心理問題有針對性地開展工作。對于得分較高的居民,應(yīng)及時建議其至??凭驮\;而對于目前僅有亞臨床癥狀者,應(yīng)定期隨訪,并開展心理健康科普宣傳,加強(qiáng)居民對心理疾病的關(guān)注度,改善其心理健康水平,以促進(jìn)人口素質(zhì)的提高。(生物谷Bioon.com) Association between psychological distress and mortality: individual participant pooled analysis of 10 prospective cohort studies. Russ TC, Stamatakis E, Hamer M, Starr JM, Kivim?ki M, Batty GD. Abstract OBJECTIVE: To quantify the link between lower, subclinically symptomatic, levels of psychological distress and cause-specific mortality in a large scale, population based study. DESIGN: Individual participant meta-analysis of 10 large prospective cohort studies from the Health Survey for England. Baseline psychological distress measured by the 12 item General Health Questionnaire score, and mortality from death certification. PARTICIPANTS: 68?222 people from general population samples of adults aged 35 years and over, free of cardiovascular disease and cancer, and living in private households in England at study baseline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Death from all causes (n=8365), cardiovascular disease including cerebrovascular disease (n=3382), all cancers (n=2552), and deaths from external causes (n=386). Mean follow-up was 8.2 years (standard deviation 3.5). RESULTS: We found a dose-response association between psychological distress across the full range of severity and an increased risk of mortality (age and sex adjusted hazard ratio for General Health Questionnaire scores of 1-3 v score 0: 1.20, 95% confidence interval 1.13 to 1.27; scores 4-6: 1.43, 1.31 to 1.56; and scores 7-12: 1.94, 1.66 to 2.26; P<0.001 for trend). This association remained after adjustment for somatic comorbidity plus behavioural and socioeconomic factors. A similar association was found for cardiovascular disease deaths and deaths from external causes. Cancer death was only associated with psychological distress at higher levels. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological distress is associated with increased risk of mortality from several major causes in a dose-response pattern. Risk of mortality was raised even at lower levels of distress. |
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