2013年高考英語完型填空分類匯編---議論文類

議論文是一種剖析事理、論述事理、發(fā)表見解或提出主張的說理性文章。
議論文的目的不僅是可觀的解釋事物，還力圖說服讀者相信并接受某一觀點(diǎn)。英語的議論文不完全等同與漢語的議論文，他涉及的范圍要小得多。
一﹑根據(jù)議論文類完形填空的命題特點(diǎn)，要求考生掌握以下方法和技巧：
1.利用首句和首段信息把握全文的主旨大意。由于議論文的首句和首段往往揭示文章的主旨大意，從而使得文章“開門見山”。通過對(duì)主題句的領(lǐng)悟，把握文章的主題和導(dǎo)向性，有利于整體把握文章。
2.明確上下文關(guān)系，充分利用語境信息解題。所謂語境，就是上下文，包括文章語氣的一致性﹑意思的連貫性﹑表達(dá)的合理性﹑論證的邏輯性等。通過對(duì)文章所提供的具體語境的綜合分析，確認(rèn)最佳答案。
3.從分利用關(guān)聯(lián)詞，關(guān)注文章的語篇結(jié)構(gòu)及語言感情色彩。以論文中常含有
包含語篇聯(lián)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，它往往代表了句與句之間段與段之間層次和內(nèi)在關(guān)系。
同時(shí)作者往往賦予了文章一定的感情色彩，語氣與感情色彩的和諧會(huì)貫穿于全文。對(duì)語言感情色彩的和諧性的掌握會(huì)為理解全文提供幫助。
【安徽卷】

第二節(jié)   完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why. Do you need it for a __36__ reason, such as your job or your studies? __37__ perhaps you are interested in the __38___, films or the music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a __39___ of the language.

Most people learn best using a variety of __40__, but traditional classes are an ideal（理想的）start for many people. They __41_ an environment where you can practice under the __42__ of someone who’s good at the language. We all lead __43__ lives and learning a language takes __44__. You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a __45__. It doesn’t matter if you haven’t got long. Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes __46__.

Many people start learning a language and soon give up. “I’m too __47__,” they say. Yes, children do learn languages more __48__ than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any __49__. And learning is good for the health of your brain, too. I’ve also heard people __50__ about the mistakes they make when __51__. Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes __52__ you’re much less likely to make them again.

Learning a new language is never __53__. But with some work and devotion, you’ll make progress. And you’ll be __54__ by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in __55__ own language. Good luck!

36. A. technical            B. political          C. practical          D. physical

37. A. After               B. So              C. Though          D. Or

38. A literature             B. transport         C. Agriculture        D. medicine

39. A view                B. knowledge        C. form            D. database

40. A paintings             B. regulations        C. methods        D. computers

41. A. protect              B. change           C. respect          D. provide

42. A. control              B. command         C. guidance        D. pressure

43. A. busy                B. happy            C. simple          D. normal

44. A. courage             B. time              C. energy          D. place

45. A. theory               B. business          C. routine          D. project

46. A. some risks          B. a lot less          C. some notes     D. a lot more

47. A. old                 B. nervous           C. weak          D. tired

48. A. closely              B. quickly           C. privately        D. quietly

49. A. age                 B. speed             C. distance        D. school

50. A. worry               B. hesitate           C. think           D. quarrel

51. A. singing              B. working           C. bargaining      D. learning

52. A. if                   B. and              C. but            D. before

53. A. tiresome             B. hard              C. interesting      D. easy

54. A. blamed              B. amazed            C. interrupted     D. informed

55. A. their                B. his               C. our            D, your

[定文體抓主旨]：本文是一篇關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)新語言的議論文。首先要搞清楚學(xué)習(xí)的原因；然后談到定期學(xué)習(xí)更容易成功，貴在堅(jiān)持，不要怕犯錯(cuò)誤，多努力，一定會(huì)取得進(jìn)步的。本篇難度：容易。

[篇章結(jié)構(gòu)]：

[解析]：

36． C。 根據(jù)下文暗示解題。根據(jù)下文such as your job or your studies可知是實(shí)用的（practical）理由。其余三選項(xiàng)分別意為：技術(shù)的；政治的；身體的，物理的。

37．D。 把握句間的邏輯關(guān)系。此句與前句同為第一句所提到的關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)一種新語言的原因，兩者之間為選擇關(guān)系，故選or。

38．A。 利用詞匯間的邏輯關(guān)系解題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，與語言學(xué)習(xí)關(guān)系最密切，且能和films和music并列的，就是A選項(xiàng)literature（文學(xué)）。其余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別意為：交通；農(nóng)業(yè)；醫(yī)藥。

39．B。 考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。have a good knowledge of something意為：精通，掌握，對(duì)…很熟悉。

40．C。 根據(jù)上下文語境解題。句意：大部分人通過各種各樣的方法（methods）學(xué)得最好，但是傳統(tǒng)課堂對(duì)許多人來說是個(gè)理想的開始。

41．D。 根據(jù)上下文語境解題。傳統(tǒng)的課堂提供（provide）一個(gè)環(huán)境，在其中你可以在某個(gè)擅長于這種語言的人的指導(dǎo)（guidance）下練習(xí)。前三個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別意為：保護(hù)；改變；尊重，均不符合語境。

42．C。 參見上題解析。其余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別意為：控制；命令；壓力，均不符合語境。

43．A。 根據(jù)句內(nèi)的邏輯關(guān)系解題。我們都過著忙碌的（busy）生活并且學(xué)習(xí)一門語言需要時(shí)間。其余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別意為：快樂的；簡單的；正常的，均不符合語境，

44．B。 根據(jù)生活常識(shí)及語境解題。學(xué)習(xí)一門語言當(dāng)然需要花費(fèi)時(shí)間（time）。其余三項(xiàng)和take搭配分別意為：鼓起勇氣；消耗能量；發(fā)生。

45．C。 根據(jù)詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)解題。前面有“regularly（定期地）”,可知選routine（常規(guī)，慣例）。

46．B。 根據(jù)句間的邏輯關(guān)系解題。根據(jù)前面的take years（花很多年時(shí)間）和but（轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系），可知選a lot less（花的時(shí)間少得多）。

47． A。 根據(jù)上下文語境解題。根據(jù)下文的“Yes, children do learn languages more __48__ than adults”可知，有些人覺得自己太老（old）了。其余三項(xiàng)分別意為：緊張；虛弱；疲勞，均不符合語境。

48． B。根據(jù)生活常識(shí)解題。一般來說，小孩學(xué)習(xí)語言的確比成年人要快（quickly）。

49.  A。根據(jù)句間的邏輯關(guān)系解題。前面說小孩學(xué)習(xí)語言的確比成年人要快，后面but轉(zhuǎn)折說研究表明你可以在任何年齡（age）學(xué)習(xí)語言。其余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別為：速度；距離；學(xué)校，均不符合題意。

50． A。 根據(jù)下文暗示解題。下句出現(xiàn)了“Well, relax and laugh”，可知人們擔(dān)心（worry about）他們犯的錯(cuò)誤。

51．D。 利用原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)解題。前面反復(fù)出現(xiàn)learn、learning，可知此處選D。其余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別意為：唱歌；工作；討價(jià)還價(jià)，均不符合語境。

52．B。 考查固定句型：祈使句+ and…。句意：放松并自我解嘲一下自己的錯(cuò)誤，這樣你就不太可能再次犯這些錯(cuò)誤。兩句間為順承關(guān)系。

53． D。 根據(jù)下文暗示解題。根據(jù)下文“But with some work and devotion, you’ll make progress”可知，學(xué)習(xí)一門新的語言從來都不容易（easy）。其余三項(xiàng)分別意為：令人厭煩的；困難的，努力的，堅(jiān)硬的；有趣的，均不符合題意。

54． B。 根據(jù)句內(nèi)邏輯關(guān)系解題。根據(jù)后面的“the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words”可知，你只說幾句話，人們就與積極的反應(yīng)，因此會(huì)amazed（驚奇的）。其余三項(xiàng)分別意為：被責(zé)備；被打斷；被告知，均不符合題意。

55．A。 根據(jù)句內(nèi)邏輯關(guān)系解題。前面說“the positive reaction of some people”，可知是說一些他們（their）自己的語言的詞匯。

【上海卷】

Ⅲ Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up their markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is: Is economic globalization   50   for all?

According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helped reduce   51   in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study that shows increased wealth   52   to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries as a result of integration (融合）of local economies into the world economy. Home some three billion people, these twenty-four countries have seen incomes   53   at an average rate of five percent—compared to two percent in developed countries.

Those who   54   globalization claim that economies in developing countries wilt from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses.   55   , small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in   56   open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.

Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually   57   gap between the rich and poor. A study carried out by the U.N.-sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries have actually.   58   from integration into the world economy and that the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind.   59   , they maintain that globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses. For example, Indian craftsmen who currently seem to benefit from globalization because they are able to   60   their products may soon face fierce competition that could put them out of   61   . When large-scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Mart move in, these small businesses will not be able to   62   and will be crowded out.

One thing is certain about Globalization—there is no   63   . Advances in technology combined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world. The   64   now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all.

50. A. possible               B. smooth              C. good                 D easy

51. A. crime                  B. poverty             C. conflict              D. population

52. A. contributing         B. responding         C. turning              D owing

53. A. remain                B. drop                  C. shift                  D. increase

54. A. doubt                  B. define               C advocate             D. ignore

55. A. In addition          B. For instance       C. in other words    D. All in all

56. A. mature                B. new                  C. local                  D. foreign

57. A. finding                B. exploring           C. bridging            D. widening

58. A. suffered              B. profited             C. learned              D. withdrawn

59. A. Furthermore        B. therefore           C. However            D. Otherwise

60. A. consume              B. deliver              C. export               D. advertise

61. A. trouble                B. business             C power                 D. mind

62. A. keep up               B. come in             C. go around         D. help out

63. A. taking off            B. getting alone      C. holding out        D. turning back

64. A. agreement           B. prediction          C. outcome            D. challenge

Section A

[定文體抓主旨]本文是一篇議論文，先提出問題：全球化經(jīng)濟(jì)化到底有益嗎？然后列出了兩種相反的觀點(diǎn)，最后總結(jié)。本文設(shè)題相當(dāng)巧妙，基本上所有的空都是根據(jù)上下文聯(lián)系才能找到答案，突出了語篇概念。

[篇章結(jié)構(gòu)]：

50. 答案：C

解析：第一段是主旨段，由第二段句首的…h(huán)as helped reduce…、第三段句首的…will benefit from…可知這是講經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的好處，結(jié)合第四段句首的Critics take a different view可知這講弊端，最后一段照應(yīng)首段，尤其末段的…for the benefit of all。由此可見這句句意：經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化對(duì)所有人有好處嗎？

51. 答案：B。

解析：由后句的increased wealth可知本句說的是經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化增加了財(cái)富，也就是減少了貧窮現(xiàn)象。

52. 答案：A

解析：句意為：它引用了一項(xiàng)研究，該研究顯示了在24個(gè)發(fā)展中國家，由于將當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)融合進(jìn)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)中，增長的財(cái)富促進(jìn)了教育的改進(jìn)和壽命的延長。contribute to促進(jìn)；導(dǎo)致。respond to對(duì)……作出回應(yīng)；turn to求助于；owing to由于。

53. 答案：D

解析：由前句所說的財(cái)富的增加，這里應(yīng)該是收入的增長。

54. 答案：C

解析：由本句中的will benefit from…可知這是說全國化經(jīng)濟(jì)的好處。句意為：贊成全球化的人說發(fā)展中國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)將受益于小型和本國企業(yè)得到的新機(jī)遇。

55. 答案：B

解析：前句籠統(tǒng)說到home-based businesses，本句說到巴西的農(nóng)民，可見這是舉例論證前面的論點(diǎn)?？忌涀。?/SPAN>“主題句+支撐句”是英語議論文常規(guī)模式。

56. 答案：C

解析：由本句中的now …worldwide可見這是進(jìn)行了今昔對(duì)比，現(xiàn)在在全球市場內(nèi)銷售，那么過去只能在本地的露天市場。

57. 答案：D

解析：由后句中的…the poor…h(huán)ave been left behind.可知貧富差距在擴(kuò)大，故widen（擴(kuò)大）合適。find找到；explore開發(fā)；bridge彌合。

58. 答案：B

解析：本句是說只有一部分發(fā)展中國家實(shí)際上受益于融合進(jìn)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)，根據(jù)后面的the poor, unskilled…可知這是對(duì)比。解題關(guān)鍵是抓住only一詞。

59. 答案：A

解析：前面說全球化會(huì)導(dǎo)致貧富差距擴(kuò)大，然后又說全球化會(huì)威脅新出現(xiàn)的市場?？梢娺@是一種遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。furthermore而且；therefore因此；however但是；otherwise否則。

60. 答案：C

解析：本句是說受益于全球化經(jīng)濟(jì)的印度手工業(yè)者們本來會(huì)出口產(chǎn)品，現(xiàn)在很快就會(huì)面臨激烈的競爭。這里的soon就暗示了前后是一個(gè)對(duì)比關(guān)系。

61. 答案：B

解析：本句前面說面臨激烈的競爭，然后說競爭會(huì)讓他們實(shí)業(yè)。out of business實(shí)業(yè)；out of trouble擺脫麻煩；out of power喪失權(quán)力的；out of mind心不在焉，忘卻。

62. 答案：A

解析：本句是說像沃爾瑪?shù)却笮统械牡絹?，這些小企業(yè)將無能維持下去并將被排擠出局。尤其要注意and后的be crowded out，所填的詞應(yīng)該和它是并列關(guān)系。

63. 答案：D

解析：結(jié)合下句所說：科技的進(jìn)步和更加開放的政策的結(jié)合已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)相互聯(lián)系的世界。故可推斷本句以為全球化不可逆轉(zhuǎn)，即沒有回頭路。turn back回頭，符合句意。

64. 答案：D

解析：文章綜合了對(duì)全球化的不同觀點(diǎn)，最后說到目前的難題是找到一個(gè)可行的方法。agreement協(xié)議；prediction預(yù)測；outcome結(jié)果；challenge挑戰(zhàn)，難題。