英語句子中詞語和詞語之間有一定的"習(xí)慣搭配",在做英語試題時(shí),我們常常會(huì)憑借"習(xí)慣搭配"的經(jīng)驗(yàn),有時(shí)會(huì)很容易地選擇出正確答案。但有時(shí)答案不一定正確,這是因?yàn)樵囶}經(jīng)過巧妙偽裝,貌似"習(xí)慣搭配",給人以錯(cuò)覺。下面通過對(duì)高考試題的舉例分析,幫助考生跨越"習(xí)慣搭配"的誤區(qū)。

　　1. I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with ______. (NMET1997)

　　A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing

　　試題分析:根據(jù)試題前面提供的信息:"我同意你所說的大多數(shù)",意味著"我不能全部同意",因此選everything切合題意。everything和否定詞not連用構(gòu)成部分否定句。如:

　　Not everything is useful.并非每件東西都有用。

　　習(xí)慣搭配:此題易誤選B。當(dāng)句中有否定詞not時(shí),常用anything。如:

　　I didn't say anything at the meeting.我在會(huì)上什么也沒有說。

　　2. Some of wheat is from Canada. What about________?(2001年春上海)

　　A. anotherB. the otherC. others D. the rest

　　試題分析:正確答案為D。如果注意到wheat為不可數(shù)名詞,則很容易排除A,B和C。the rest既可代替可數(shù)名詞,也可代替不可數(shù)名詞,這里用來代替"其余的麥子"。又如:

　　The boy was given ten yuan by his mother. He spent six on the books,and the rest on the exercise-books.母親給這孩子十元錢。他花了六元買書,其余的買了練習(xí)本。

　　習(xí)慣搭配:此題易誤選C。前面用了some,后面常用others與之對(duì)應(yīng)。如:

　　Some birds will fly to the south,and others will stay with you.有些鳥會(huì)飛到南方去,而另一些會(huì)與你呆在一起。

　　3. Rose was wild with joy________the result of the examination. (2001年春上海)

　　A. toB. atC. byD. as

　　試題分析:be wild with joy at表示"因……而欣喜若狂"。故答案為B。題意是:羅斯一聽(看)到考試結(jié)果而興高采烈。at常表原因,有"一聽(看)到……就……"之意。如:

　　I'm very glad at the news.聽到這個(gè)消息,我非常高興。

　　習(xí)慣搭配:此題易誤選D。as the / a result of表示"由于……的結(jié)果"。如:

　　As a result of what we saw,we decided to change the rules.鑒于我們所看到的情況,我們決定更改規(guī)則。

　　4.________most students,she was already well prepared and never came to class late. (1998年上海)

　　A. LikeB. As C. For D. To

　　試題分析:答案為A。like作介詞意思是"像……一樣",這里表示"像大多數(shù)學(xué)生一樣"。如:

　　Like his father,he has a calm nature.像他父親一樣,脾氣很冷靜。

　　習(xí)慣搭配:此題易誤選B。as有"作為……"的意思。如:

　　As a young person,you should study hard for the country.作為一個(gè)年輕人,你應(yīng)該為國(guó)家努力學(xué)習(xí)。

　　5. Mr. Read made up his mind to devote all he had to________some schools for poor children. (2001年上海)

　　A. set upB. setting up C. have set upD. having set up

　　試題分析:題中he had是定語從句,修飾all。devote...to doing sth.意思是"把……奉獻(xiàn)在做某事上",其中to是介詞,后面接V-ing形式,故答案為B。又如:

　　The teacher devoted his youth to teaching the children in the mountainous area.那位教師把他的青春獻(xiàn)給了教育山區(qū)的孩子。

　　習(xí)慣搭配:此題易誤選A。have to do sth.意為"不得不做某事"。如:

　　We had to go to the city on foot because there was no bus at that time.因?yàn)樵诋?dāng)時(shí)沒有客車,我們不得不步行去城里。

　　6. -How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?

　　-The key________the problem is to meet the demand________by the customers. (2002年北京)

　　A. to solving; making B. to solving; made C. to solve; making D. to solve; made

　　試題分析:第二空填made構(gòu)成過去分詞短語作定語?修飾名詞demand,意為"滿足顧客提出的要求"。第一空填to solving作定語修飾the key,意為"解決問題的關(guān)鍵"。key的意思是"關(guān)鍵",后接"介詞to +名詞/動(dòng)名詞"作定語。如:

　　The key to the settlement of the question(or:to settling the question)lies in detail discussion.解決問題的關(guān)鍵在于詳細(xì)的討論。

　　習(xí)慣搭配:此題易誤選D。to既可看作是介詞,也可看作是不定式符號(hào)。如:

　　I don't know the entrance to the station.我不知道去車站的進(jìn)口。(此句"to"為介詞)

　　The best way to help him is to ask the doctor for advice.幫助他的最好的方法是向醫(yī)生請(qǐng)教。(此句"to"為不定式符號(hào))

　　7. Charles Babbage is generally considered〓〓〓the first computer. (NMET1993)

　　A. to inventB. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented

　　試題分析:is considered是被動(dòng)語態(tài),此題變?yōu)橹鲃?dòng)語態(tài)為:People consider Charles Babbage to have invented the first computer,其句型為:consider sb. to do sth.。又因?yàn)椴欢ㄊ絼?dòng)作發(fā)生在consider之前,要用完成式,故答案為C。

　　習(xí)慣搭配:此題易誤選B或D。consider doing sth.意為"考慮做某事"。如:

　　Jim is considering coming to China for a visit.吉姆在考慮來中國(guó)參觀。

　　8. She can't help________the house because she's busy making a cake.(1997年上海)

　　A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleanD. being cleaned

　　試題分析:試題意思為"因?yàn)樗χ龅案?所以她不能幫忙打掃房子。"can't help是"不能夠幫忙"的意思,后接不定式,故選A。如:

　　They couldn't help to finish the task.他們不能幫助完成任務(wù)。

　　習(xí)慣搭配:此題易誤選B。can't help doing sth.意為"情不自禁做某事"。如:

　　The girl couldn't help crying when she heard the news.這個(gè)小女孩聽到這個(gè)消息后,忍不住哭了起來。

　　9. In that case, there is nothing you can do________than wait. (NMET2000)

　　A. moreB. otherC. betterD. any

　　試題分析:此題答案為B。other than和否定詞no,not或nothing等連用,意為"除……外沒有、只有"。如:

　　I can do nothing other than smile.我由不得一笑。

　　習(xí)慣搭配:此題易誤選A或C。than前面常用比較級(jí)形容詞。如:

　　His idea is better than yours.他的想法比你的好些。

　　10. She set out soon after dark________home an hour later. (NMET1994)

　　A. arrivingB. to arriveC. having arrivedD. and arrived

　　試題分析:因?yàn)?出發(fā)"和"到達(dá)"不可能同時(shí)發(fā)生,所以不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。故選D。

　　習(xí)慣搭配:此題易誤選A。在句子后面,常跟現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語,此時(shí)有逗號(hào)與句子隔開。如:

　　The man sat on the chair,reading a newspaper.那人坐在椅子上,看報(bào)紙。

　　11.-Each of the students, working hard at his or her lesson,________to go to university.

　　-So do I.(1998年上海)

　　A. hopeB. hopes C. hopingD.hoped

　　試題分析:答案為B。此題中,working hard at his or her lesson是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語,補(bǔ)充說明前面的主語each of the students,故后面應(yīng)選hopes作謂語,其時(shí)態(tài)與答語"So do I"一致。

　　習(xí)慣搭配:此題易誤選C,以為要用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。如:

　　He sent me an E-mail,hoping to get further information. (2000年上海)

　　12. Excuse me for breaking in,________I have some news for you. (NMET2002)

　　A. soB. andC. butD. yet

　　試題分析:答案為C。在表示"對(duì)不起"時(shí),常用委婉說法"Excuse me,but...或I'm sorry,but...",but后面接完整的句子,but可不必譯出。如:

　　Excuse me,but are you going to the party?勞駕,你們要去聚會(huì)嗎?

　　I'm sorry,but I disagree with you all.對(duì)不起,我和你們大家的看法不一致。

　　習(xí)慣搭配:此題易誤選B。"祈使句+ and +分句",祈使句表示"條件",相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的條件從句,分句相當(dāng)于主句。如:

　　Come earlier,and you'll meet Mr. Li.(If you come earlier,you'll meet Mr. Li.)早點(diǎn)來,你就會(huì)見到李先生。

　　13. Is this the reason________at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(2002年春上海)

　　A. he explainedB. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained

　　試題分析:答案為A。he explained是定語從句修飾the reason。如:

　　The reason that you gave to me sounded reasonable.你向我提出的理由聽起來合情合理。

　　習(xí)慣搭配:此題易誤選D。在reason后面常接由why引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。如:

　　The student explained to the teacher the reason why he was late for class.那位學(xué)生向老師解釋了他為什么遲到的理由。

　　14. She found her calculator________she lost it. (2000年上海)

　　A. where B. when C. in which D. that

　　試題分析:答案為A。where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句。如:

　　You'd better put the tool where it was.你最好把工具放在原來的地方。

　　習(xí)慣搭配:此題易誤選D,因?yàn)楹竺娴膹木錁O像是由關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語從句,但從句多了it(= her calculator)。that可引導(dǎo)定語從句,代替與被修飾的詞相同的詞,所以從句中不能再有重復(fù)該詞的詞。如:

　　This is the pen that you gave me yesterday.這是你昨天給我的鋼筆。

　　(文/張金該；英語通高三版2004年第3期；版權(quán)歸英語輔導(dǎo)報(bào)社所有，獨(dú)家網(wǎng)絡(luò)合作伙伴新浪教育，未經(jīng)許可，不得以任何形式進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)載。)