一、段落基本句型構(gòu)造
1.說明危害段
說明危害段一般出現(xiàn)在對策方法類作文的第二段或是利弊分析類作文的第二段，其基本的句型構(gòu)造是：先用一句話總述問題的危害或弊端，這是段落的主題句；然后用3-4句話列舉2-3點(diǎn)具體的危害或弊端，以支持主題句；最后再用一句話對這些危害或弊端作出總結(jié)，引出下面對解決方法或觀點(diǎn)的闡述（本句也可能放在下一段的開頭）。
例
Directions : For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes
to write a composition on the topic Reduce Waste on Campus . You should write at
least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese
:
1.目前有些校園內(nèi)浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重。
2.浪費(fèi)的危害。
3.倡導(dǎo)從我做起，杜絕浪費(fèi)。
第二段：說明危害段
(1)As everyone sees , this phenomenon prouces
harmful effects in many aspects . (2) Above all , the waste of those precious
resources , such as water and electricity , will bring great economic loss to
our country . (3) Also , as these resources are not inexhaustible , wasting them
will be a treat to human's future surival . (4) Besides , our waste will
undoubtedly burden our family and society heavily . (5) Therefore , it is high
time for us to take effective measures to climinate waste on campus .
2.說明好處段
說明好處段一般出現(xiàn)在說明現(xiàn)象類作文的第二段或是利弊分析類作文的第一段或第二段（具體根據(jù)提綱），其基本的句型構(gòu)造是：先用一句話總述問題的好處或優(yōu)點(diǎn)，這是段落的主題句（如果出現(xiàn)在第一段，該句前面一般還有一句對主題的總述）；然后用3-4句話列舉2-3點(diǎn)具體的好處或優(yōu)點(diǎn)，以支持主題句。
例
Directions : For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes
to write a composition on the topic The Pros and Cons of College Students'
Taking Part-time Jobs . You should write at least 120 words following the
outline given below in Chinese :
1.分析大學(xué)生做兼職的利與弊。
2.談?wù)勀愕目捶ā?/p>
第一段：說明好處段
(1) Nowadays many college students take
part-time jobs in their spare time . (2) It is no doubt that taking a part-time
job brings about several advantages to college students . (3) Above all ,
part-time jobs provide students with a valuable chance to put their knowledge
into practice . (4) Moreover , the experience they get from part-time jobs will
preapare them for the future job market . (5) Besides , students can get some
money to help unload the burden on their families .
除了說明危害段和說明好處段以外，四級作文中還經(jīng)常涉及說明影響段（大多出現(xiàn)在說明現(xiàn)象類作文中），其結(jié)構(gòu)與說明危害段和說明好處段基本相同，影響的內(nèi)容可能有好有壞，也可能屬于中性（無所謂好壞），考生在具體寫作時(shí)要注意靈活處理。
來源：原版英語網(wǎng)
