簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本類(lèi)型

初學(xué)寫(xiě)作的時(shí)候，應(yīng)注意把握句子的基本類(lèi)型，以便寫(xiě)出符合英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法和表達(dá)習(xí)慣的句子。句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)有如下幾類(lèi)：

1. 主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞

不及物動(dòng)詞的后面不接賓語(yǔ)，但很多時(shí)候，這個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞有副詞或別的狀語(yǔ)修飾。有的動(dòng)詞如果不加狀語(yǔ)修飾，句子的意思就可能不完整。如：

Mr. Li stayed. → Mr. Li stayed until the meeting was over.

She lived. → She lived in the country. (from www.nmet168.com)

2. 主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ)

在這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)中，可用作表語(yǔ)的有分詞、形容詞、名詞、代詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等。如：

We are determined to compete for the first prize in the match.

She was too tired.

Mr. Li is a middle school teacher.

It’s me.

The light was out.

Your father is in his office.

3. 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)

可以用作賓語(yǔ)的通常有名詞、代詞等。如：

I saw a film yesterday.

I didn’t meet him at the meeting.

4. 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)

這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)中的間接賓語(yǔ)和直接賓語(yǔ)又統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為雙賓語(yǔ)。常接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：give, pass, send, teach, buy, bring, show等。直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)的位置通?？梢曰ハ嘟粨Q。當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)(指物的賓語(yǔ))位于間接賓語(yǔ)(指人的賓語(yǔ))前面時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)的前面通常有一個(gè)介詞for或to。如(from www.nmet168.com)：

Mother bought me a watch. →Mother bought a watch for me.

She showed us her new dress. →She showed her new dress to us.

5. 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)

可以用作賓補(bǔ)的詞語(yǔ)有形容詞、分詞、副詞等。如：

I heard him singing in her room.

We must keep our rivers clean.

任何句子都是在上述的這些句子的基礎(chǔ)上變化而來(lái)的。所以，我們要注意把握這些基本的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，寫(xiě)出完整而又符合規(guī)則的句子。