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Unit four Earthquakes 1、In the city, the water pipes in some buildings crached and burst. 城市里，一些大樓里的水管爆裂。 burst爆裂,突發(fā) 用法歸納： The square is bursting with tourists. 廣場(chǎng)上到處都是游客。 I felt as if my heart would burst with joy. 我覺得自己高興得心花怒放。 The police burst through the door. 警察破門而入。 There was a burst of laughter in the next room. 隔壁房間里突然爆發(fā)出一陣笑聲。 聯(lián)想擴(kuò)展： (1) burst in on…突然打斷 He burst in on our conversation. 他突然打斷了我們的談話。 (2) burst into +n. 突然… The speaker burst into angry speech. 演講者突然講粗話。 (3) burst out + doing突然… The woman burst out crying like a child. 那個(gè)婦女突然像小孩一樣哭了。 (4) burst to do sth. 迫切想做某事 I am bursting to tell you the news. 我迫不及待的想告訴你這個(gè)消息。 2、But the on 但是認(rèn)為這沒什么的一百萬城里人，那天晚上還像往常一樣睡覺。 易混辨析： affair, event, accident, incident, matter 和business 事；事情 affair 指要做的事或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事。多用復(fù)數(shù)。 event 指重大歷史事件，也可指日常生活中較重要的事或比賽項(xiàng)目。 accident 指意外或偶然的不幸事件，多有不良后果。 incident 與重要事件有關(guān)的事情，尤指政治、軍事上有爭(zhēng)議的情況。 matter 需要認(rèn)真考慮的事情。 business 日常事務(wù)、商業(yè)事務(wù)；還可以是公事。 3、The suffering of the people was extreme. 人們極度痛苦。 suffer 用法歸納： A, 受苦 He suffered terribly when his mother died. B, 受到損失 If I lost, my self-esteem will suffer. C, 遭受 He suffered no pain 聯(lián)想擴(kuò)展： suffer from 1、受…之苦 I suffered most from lack of rest. 2、患…病 I am suffering from a cold. 特別提示： suffer表示“患…病”時(shí)，后面一般跟疾病名稱。 即時(shí)活用： _______ such heavy pollution already , it may now be too late to clean up the river . A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 答案：A 4、Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 地震中，有三分之二的人死亡或受傷。 易混辨析： injure ; hurt; wound; harm 傷害 injure比hurt 正式，hurt多指?jìng)?，而injure則指損害健康、成就、容貌等，強(qiáng)調(diào)功能的損失。 hurt 既可指肉體上的傷害，也可指精神上、感情上的傷害。指肉體上的傷害時(shí)，hurt可與badly, slightly, seriously等連用；但若果指精神上的創(chuàng)傷，只能用very much, rather / deeply。 wound 指槍傷、刀傷、刺傷等皮肉之傷，是出血的、嚴(yán)重的傷，特指戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上受傷?？梢允侨怏w上的傷害，也可指精神上的創(chuàng)傷。 harm 表示引起對(duì)身體、物質(zhì)或精神上的損害，常指?jìng)θ说娜怏w，損壞東西以及損害健康、品質(zhì)、事業(yè)等。 即時(shí)活用： 1、Did you say that our neighbor ______ in the accident? A. badly hurted B. was badly hurted C. had badly hurted D. was badly hurt 答案：D 2、My chest _____ when I take a deep breath, doctor. A. hurts B. wounds C.harms D. injure 答案：A 3、There was a fight in the street yesterday. Three people were seriously ____. A. hurt B. killed C. broken D.cut 答案：A 4、The old lady died from the _____on her head; she was _______when cleaning windows on the ladder when she fell off it. A. injury; injured B. wound; wound C. wounded; hurt D. hurt; injured 答案：A 5、The bus driver was badly ___on both legs in the traffic accident. A. wounded B. broken C. injured D. destroyed 答案：C 5、The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. 傷亡人數(shù)達(dá)到四十多萬。 reach 用法歸納： （1）到達(dá) The started early, hoping to reach there before dark. 它們很早就出發(fā)，希望天黑前到達(dá)那里。 易混辨析： reach; get; arrive 到達(dá) reach后直接加地點(diǎn)； get加to再加地點(diǎn)；arrive后加at/ in再加地點(diǎn)，at 后加小地點(diǎn)；in后加大地點(diǎn)。如果表示地點(diǎn)的詞是副詞，get和arrive后都不能用介詞。另外，只表示“到了”，不強(qiáng)調(diào)到什么地方用arrive。 （2）達(dá)到 The number of the students in our school will reach 2000 next year. 我們學(xué)校學(xué)生的數(shù)量明年會(huì)達(dá)到2000。 （３）用手或腳夠到 Can you reach the book on the top of the shelf? 你能夠到書架頂上的那本書嗎？ 特別提示： reach還可以作名詞，表示“用手或腳能夠到的范圍；管轄范圍或臂展”。 Please pass me the salt, it’s out of my reach. 請(qǐng)把鹽遞給我，我夠不到。 （4）傳到某人手中/耳中 Your letter reached me yesterday. 我昨天收到你的來信。 The news reached me just now. 我剛剛聽到那個(gè)消息。 （5）通向；延伸 Where does this road reach? 這條路通向哪里？ 即時(shí)活用： 1、Most children stay at home until they ____ school age. A. get B.come C. reach D. arrive 答案：C 2、Dear Jenny, thank you for your letter which ______ on April 1st. A. arrived B. arrived at C. arriving D. arrived me 答案：A 3、It is _______that the letter will ____you this afternoon. A. most like; arrive B. likely; reach C. mostly like; get D. best like; reach 答案：B 6、Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. 磚頭象秋天的紅樹葉一樣覆蓋著地面。 cover 用法歸納： （1）覆蓋 The playground is covered by fallen leaves, we should clean it. 操場(chǎng)被落葉覆蓋，我們應(yīng)該清掃。 特別提示： 表示“覆蓋”時(shí)，常用cover…with / by句型，并且譯法比較靈活。 I am covered by dust. 我滿身都是土。 She covered her face with her hands. 她用雙手捂著臉。 （2）包括；包含；涉及 The study of physics covers many subjects. (3) 保護(hù)；掩護(hù) The mother covered the baby from the falling ceiling. 母親保護(hù)嬰兒不受下落的天花板的傷害。 （4）走完多少路；看完多少頁書。 I can cover 100 Li on foot a day. 我一天不行能走100里。 How many pages have you covered? 你看完了多少頁書？ （5）占多大面積 Our school covers an area of 60.000 square meters. 我們學(xué)校占地60000平方米。 特別提示： 表示“占多大面積”用…covers an area of +數(shù)詞。 （6）采訪 The chief editor sent a reporter to cover the event. 主編派了一記者去采訪整個(gè)事件。 易混辨析： cover和interview cover表示“采訪”時(shí)，表示對(duì)整個(gè)事件的采訪；而interview多指對(duì)人的采訪。 即時(shí)活用： 1、The farm is huge, lying between the valleys, and ____ an area of 15 square kilometers. A. covered B. being covered C. covering D. covers 答案：D 2、This is a long hard winter, with everything _______ white. A. covered B. covered by C. covering D. covering with 答案：B 3、This book is said to be a special on A. writes B. covers C. prints D. reads 答案：B 4、This is a long hard winter, with everything _______ white. A. covered B. covered by C. covering D. covered with 答案：D 5、The farm is huge, lying between the valleys, and ____ an area of 15 square kilometers. A. covered B. being covered C. covering D. covers 答案：D 7、The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead。 解放軍組成小分隊(duì)，將受困的人們挖出來，將死者掩埋。 dig out挖出；發(fā)現(xiàn)；捐錢 It is not easy to dig out the past. 發(fā)掘過去的歷史是不容易的。 He was buried by an avalanche and had to be dug out. 他遇雪崩被埋住了，得把他挖出來。 聯(lián)想擴(kuò)展： dig down 挖下 dig in 開始細(xì)致的工作 dig at 挖苦；嘲笑某人 dig deep 挖深；挖出來 dig for 發(fā)掘；搜集 dig into 鉆研 dig up 掘起；挖出 8、To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there. 在城市北邊，一萬名礦工中的大多數(shù)被從煤礦中救了出來。 表示方位的介詞 in / on / to / off 用法歸納： （1）in 表示在范圍里的某個(gè)方向 Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中國(guó)的東部。 (2) on表示接壤 Canada is on the north of the USA. 加拿大在美國(guó)北邊。 (3) to表示不在范圍里，也不接壤 Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中國(guó)東邊。 特別提示： 上邊的句子可以改寫為： Japan lies east of China. 或者 East of China lies Japan. 特別提示： 改正過的句子省略了介詞to，原因在于表示方向的名詞還可以作副詞，表示“在什么方向”或“去什么方向”。 (4) off 表示 A. 在范圍里但不接壤（多指各國(guó)的島嶼） Taiwan is off the east of China. 臺(tái)灣在中國(guó)的東部。 B. 在離…不遠(yuǎn)處 My house is off the main road. 我家離大路不遠(yuǎn)。 即時(shí)活用： 1、Taiwan lies______ the southeast of Fujian, which is ______ southeast of China. A. in; on B. to; in C. on; in D. to; on 答案：B 2、They traveled ________, all the way up to Wisconsin . A. the north B. in the north C. north D. the south 答案：C 9、It is said but true that people die in earthquakes from falling furniture and bricks. 據(jù)說但也是真的地震中人們被倒下的家具和磚頭壓死。 it作主語的幾個(gè)?？季湫?/p> 用法歸納： （1）作形式主語，代替動(dòng)詞不定式。句型為： It is + adj. / n. + for / of sb. to do sth. It is a pity for me to miss the lecture. 很遺憾我沒聽到那節(jié)課。 It is difficult for me to work out the math problem. 算出那道數(shù)學(xué)題對(duì)我來說太難了。 It is very kind of you to help me. 幫助了我，你這個(gè)人太好了。 特別提示： 這個(gè)句型中，名詞后介詞用for；形容詞后的介詞既可以用for，也可以用of。形容詞如果能修飾人，形容詞后用of; 形容詞如果不能修飾人，形容詞后用for。 （2）作形式主語，代替that從句。句型為： It is + adj. + that 從句 It is imp 特別提示： 1、當(dāng)說話人表示驚奇，that從句謂語要用虛擬語氣，即should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。 It is impossible that he (should) speak ill of you behind you. 他在你背后說你壞話是不可能的。 2、當(dāng)說話者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該如此時(shí)，that從句中的should 不省略。 It is natural that he should fail. 他失敗是很自然的。 （3）作形式主語，代替動(dòng)名詞 句型為： It is no use / useless doing sth. 做什么是沒用的。 It is no good doing sth. 做什么沒好處。/ 做什么沒益處。 It is a waste of time doing sth. 做什么是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。 It is no good smoking. 吸煙沒好處。 It is a waste of time playing pc games. 玩電腦游戲是在浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。 特別提示； It is a waste of money / energy to do sth. 做某事是浪費(fèi)錢財(cái)/精力。 It is a waste of money to buy these useless things. 買這些無用的東西時(shí)間浪費(fèi)錢財(cái)。 （4）It is +過去分詞 +that… 據(jù)… It is reported that China will send up another man-made satellite. 據(jù)報(bào)道中國(guó)將再發(fā)射一顆人造衛(wèi)星。 特別提示： 1、能用于這個(gè)句型的動(dòng)詞有：say; report; think; suppose; believe; consider; imagine; hope; wish; expect; know 等。 2、上面的復(fù)合句It is reported that China will send up another man-made satellite.可以改寫為簡(jiǎn)單句 China is reported to send up another man-made satellite. 聯(lián)想擴(kuò)展： As is +過去分詞, +句子 據(jù)… As is reported, China will send up another man-made satellite. 據(jù)報(bào)道中國(guó)將再發(fā)射一顆人造衛(wèi)星。 特別提示： 用it作形式主語時(shí)，從句要用that引導(dǎo)。而用as作主語時(shí)，要用逗號(hào)把從句和主句分開。 （5）引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 句型為： It is / was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 +that / who / whom +剩余部分 特別提示： 強(qiáng)調(diào)句用于強(qiáng)調(diào)陳述句的某個(gè)成分。除了謂語，其他成分都能被強(qiáng)調(diào)。 I met him in the street yesterday by chance. It was yesterday that I met him in the street by chance. It was in the street that I met him yesterday by chance. 特別提示： 1、如果陳述句的主語或賓語是人，強(qiáng)調(diào)句的連接詞用who或whom，其他情況一律用that。 2、注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問句和特殊疑問句形式。 Was it yesterday that you met him in the street by chance? When was it that you met him in the street by chance? （6）表示時(shí)間 A. It is / has been +時(shí)間段 +since 從句 從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間到現(xiàn)在多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了 It is over 30 years since China began its reform. 從中國(guó)改革到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)30多年了。 B. It was / had been +時(shí)間段 +since 從句 從過去的過去倒過去某個(gè)時(shí)間多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了 It had been 29 years since China began its reform. 從新中國(guó)成立到中國(guó)開始改革有29年。 特別提示： 理解It was / had been +時(shí)間段 +since 從句句型時(shí)，理解時(shí)把since從句作為一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)向前推，會(huì)推到一個(gè)時(shí)間，翻譯時(shí)，從那個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)向后翻譯。 即時(shí)活用： 1、It is ______you deal with difficulties that shows_____ you are really like. A.what; what B.how; what C.how; that D.which; how 答案：B 2、________, he has finished his job ahead of time. A. As is expected B. Which is expected C. It is expected D. It is as expected 答案：A 3、It _______ six years since I saw you last. A. was B. have been C, is D. had been 答案：C 4、________he realized it was too late to return home. A. No sooner it grew dark than B. Hardly did it grow dark when C. It was not until dark that D. It was until dark that 答案: C 5、I think it is a waste of money ______ books of that kind. A. to buy B. to buying C. in buying D. on buying 答案：A 6、It was the training that he had as a young man______ made him such a good engineer. A. what B. that C. later D. which 答案：B 7、 that there will be milu deer in the wild on A．It hoped, alive B．It is hoped, living C．We hope, alive D．We hope, are living 答案：B 8、She is thought ______very pretty when she was young. A. to have been B. to be C. to have D. being 答案：A 9、______ is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth on A. As B. It C. That D. What 答案：A 10、Earthquake safety is very imp keep / stop /prevent…from doing 防止 /阻止…發(fā)生 What prevented you from coming on time? 什么事情使你沒有按時(shí)到？ 特別提示： 主動(dòng)句中，stop和prevent 后的from可以省略，keep后的from不能省略。被動(dòng)句中，三個(gè)詞后面的from都不能省略。 即時(shí)活用： It seems very difficult _________. A. to stop the child to cry B. preventing the child crying C. to keep the child from crying D. holding the child’s crying 答案：C 11、First, make sure you buy a house which is earthquake safe. 首先，確保你買的房子是防震的。 make sure = be sure 用法歸納： (1) + to do 一定；務(wù)必 Be sure to come on time this afternoon. 下午一定要按時(shí)到。 (2) + of + n. 把…弄確切 I know there is a train to Beijing tonight, but you should make sure of the time. 我知道晚上有一趟去北京的火車，但是你應(yīng)該把時(shí)間弄確切。 (3) + that從句 We are sure that China will become a strong and powerful country. 我們肯定中國(guó)將會(huì)成為一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的國(guó)家。 特別提示： be sure / make sure to do = be certain to do be sure / make sure of + n. = be certain of + n. be sure / make sure + that… = be certain + that… 當(dāng)be sure / make sure + that…時(shí)，句子的主語必須是人；而be certain + that…時(shí)，句子的主語用it。 即時(shí)活用： 1、It is ______ that they both have the greatest respect for each other. A. certain B. sure C. certainly D. surely 答案：A 2、---Henry, ______ the light is ______ when you leave the lab. ---All right. A. be sure; turned down B. make sure; turned off C. sure; turn off D. make sure; turning off 答案：B 12、They are on 它們是保護(hù)房子最重要的方法之一。 protect vt. 保護(hù) 用法歸納： （1）protect sth. To protect the environment, we should drive less. 為了保護(hù)環(huán)境，我們應(yīng)該少開車。 （2）protect sth. / sb. from + n. You should wear a pair of dark glasses to protect your eyes from the snow. 下雪天你應(yīng)該戴副墨鏡保護(hù)你的眼睛。 （3）protect sb. / sth. from doing Ge You speaks carefully in public to protect himself from being hurt. 葛優(yōu)在公共場(chǎng)合說話很小心，保護(hù)自己不被傷害。 （4）protect A against B The tree belts can protect this area against shifting sand. 護(hù)林帶能保護(hù)這個(gè)地區(qū)不受流沙的侵害。 即時(shí)活用： 1、He raised both his arms to protect his face ______ the ball. A. from B. for C. with D. to 答案：A 2、At the meeting, we reached a conclusion that we should do what we could ______ the Yellow River from being further polluted. A. to protect B. protecting C. protect D. protected 答案：A 3、You’d better wear your sunglasses to protect your eyes ______ the sun. A. from B. with C. in D. under 答案：A 4、As you know, it is my duty to ________ my younger sisters from being hurt when they are in danger. A. prevent B. save C. stop D. protect 答案：D 5、Wild animals in China at present. A．a(chǎn)re protected B．will be protected C．a(chǎn)re being protected D．have been protected 答案：C 13、There was no stopping the fire. 不可能把火撲滅。 用法歸納： There is no + doing …是不可能的 There is no knowing how old he is. 不知道他多大。 There is no persuading him to give up his idea. 不可能說服他放棄他的觀點(diǎn)。 14、Amazing as it may seem, Wednesday night was a quiet night. 雖然好像很驚奇的樣子，星期三晚上還是很平靜的。 此句中as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句 用法歸納： （1）名詞+as + 主語 +謂語 Boy as he is, he knows a lot. 雖然只是個(gè)孩子，但他懂得很多。 特別提示； 名詞放在句首時(shí)，名詞前不能加冠詞。 （2）形容詞+as + 主語 +謂語 Tired as he is, he keeps on studying. 雖然很累了，但他還在堅(jiān)持學(xué)習(xí)。 （3）動(dòng)詞+as + 主語 +助動(dòng)詞 Try again as you will, you will not succeed. 雖然你可以再試，但是你還是不會(huì)成功。 特別提示； 動(dòng)詞放在句首時(shí)，句子中必須要有助動(dòng)詞。 15、Never before in history has a city been so completely destoryed. 以前的歷史中，從來沒有一個(gè)城市象這樣被徹底的破壞。 易混辨析： damage, destroy, ruin “破壞”的區(qū)別 damage 指不同程度的破壞、損壞。 destroy 指毀滅性的破壞。 ruin 由于各種原因，如火災(zāi)、天氣、自然災(zāi)害，或由于喪失了對(duì)成功或幸福來說必不可少的某種東西，而破壞了人或物的價(jià)值、完整性、某方面的優(yōu)點(diǎn)等。 Although the town had been attacked by the storm several times, little damage was done. The wet weather ruined our holiday. 即時(shí)活用： 用damage, destroy, ruin填空。 1、The strong wind ______ the wheat in some way. 2、The wet weather ______ our holiday. 3、The earthquake last year ______ part of Sichan Province. 答案：1、damaged 2、ruined 3、destroyed 16、大量的 ⑴修飾不可數(shù)名次 a great / good deal / a large amount of / much ⑵修飾可數(shù)名次 many / a number of / a great(good) many ⑶即可修飾可數(shù)名次也可修飾不可數(shù)名次 plenty of / a lot of / lots of / a large quantity of / quantities of / a mass of / masses of 即時(shí)活用： 1、I spent _______ of my time in this work. A. a plenty B. a good many C. a good deal D. great deal 答案：C 2、–How many books does he have? --- He possesses ________them. A. plenty of B. very much C. a great deal D. an amount of 答案：D
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