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      麻省理工The Big Five 大五類人格測(cè)試

       看見就非常 2014-09-16

      麻省理工學(xué)院

      麻省理工的心理學(xué)教授傾向通過TheBigFive(大五類人格特征)來描述人的人格與個(gè)性。

      大五類因素包括:嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性、外向性、開放性、宜人性與神經(jīng)質(zhì)人格特質(zhì)。一般記憶為 OCEAN-海洋或NEOAC-獨(dú)木舟)。O代表Openness to experience (開放性),C代表 Conscientiousness(嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性) ,E代表Extraversion(外向性) ,A代表Agreeableness (宜人性),N代表Neuroticism(神經(jīng)質(zhì))。

      注:神經(jīng)質(zhì)因素有時(shí)被稱為——“情緒不穩(wěn)定極點(diǎn)”。對(duì)于如何解釋這些因子存在一些爭(zhēng)議比 如Openness,有時(shí)被稱為“智力”,而不是“開放性”。每一個(gè)因素和人類的相關(guān)特質(zhì)相關(guān) 聯(lián)。例如,外向性等相關(guān)的素質(zhì)為尋求gregariousness(群居,聚會(huì))、主張、興奮、溫 暖、活動(dòng)和積極的情感。

      大五因素模型是一種描述模型的人格,心理學(xué)家們已經(jīng)開發(fā)出一批理論證實(shí)大五因素模型 。

      初始模型的提出者是雷蒙德(于1961年),但未能達(dá)到學(xué)術(shù)的高度。1990年,他的五因素模型得到最高水平的組織接受(歌德堡,1993)。大五類人格特征被認(rèn)為是具有心理學(xué)量表基本結(jié)構(gòu)的個(gè)性特征音速。這五種因素提供了豐富的概念架構(gòu),且整合所有的研究成果和人格心理學(xué)理論。大五類特點(diǎn)也被叫作“五因素模型”(或FFM科斯塔和McCrae,1992年),以及全球因素(羅素和Karol人格,1994)。

      目前至少有四套研究人員各自獨(dú)立研究這個(gè)模型的數(shù)據(jù),現(xiàn)已鑒定出同樣的五大因素:首先Tupes和Cristal,其次是歌德堡在俄勒岡州研究所、美國(guó)伊利諾大學(xué)的McCrae科斯塔和美國(guó)國(guó)家衛(wèi)生研究院。這四套研究人員使用不同的方法找到五個(gè)特點(diǎn),不過每一組的5個(gè)因素有所不同的名字和定義。然而,所有研究的總體因素類型是一致的。

      因?yàn)榇笪孱惾烁衲P偷奶攸c(diǎn)是廣泛而全面,但它并不是多么強(qiáng)大的實(shí)際行為的預(yù)測(cè)和解釋的模型。許多研究已經(jīng)證實(shí),在預(yù)測(cè)方面的實(shí)際行為特征時(shí),MBTI模型要有效得多。

      大五類人格測(cè)試的個(gè)人的得分反饋為百分位數(shù)得分。例如,評(píng)分Q較高則顯示其有較強(qiáng)的責(zé)任心,而外向性評(píng)分百分點(diǎn)高則顯示測(cè)試者需要保持孤獨(dú)和安靜。雖然這些特質(zhì)群可能存在例外的個(gè)性情況,但平均來看,開放性得分高的話,其求知欲強(qiáng),有開放的情感,有藝術(shù)興趣,愿意嘗試新事物。而有些人可能會(huì)有一個(gè)全面開放的高得分,他有興趣學(xué)習(xí)和探索新的文化,但沒有藝術(shù)感興趣或者詩(shī)歌。

      才儲(chǔ)小組最初懷疑TheBigFive和PDP測(cè)試是否有關(guān)聯(lián):譬如樹袋熊的宜人性,孔雀的Open性,貓頭鷹的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性,老虎的外向活躍性(有點(diǎn)牽強(qiáng)),變色龍的神經(jīng)質(zhì)與多變性。到后期發(fā)現(xiàn)有一些看似相近,兩套模型其實(shí)還是有較大差異的。

      為了更好保持TheBigFive的原汁原味,以下量表均采用英文原版,未作翻譯。同其他量表一樣,這里的答案沒有好與壞,對(duì)或錯(cuò)。測(cè)試的目的是反映最真實(shí)的你自己。(我要測(cè)中文版

      I see myself as someone who... Strongly Disagree


      Strongly Agree
      1....Is talkative
      2....Tends to find fault with others
      3....Does a thorough job
      4....Is depressed, blue
      5....Is original, comes up with new ideas
      6....Is reserved
      7....Is helpful and unselfish with others
      I see myself as someone who... Strongly Disagree


      Strongly Agree
      8....Can be somewhat careless
      9....Is relaxed, handles stress well
      10....Is curious about many different things
      11....Is full of energy
      12....Starts quarrels with others
      13....Is a reliable worker
      14....Can be tense
      I see myself as someone who... Strongly Disagree


      Strongly Agree
      15....Is ingenious, a deep thinker
      16....Generates a lot of enthusiasm
      17....Has a forgiving nature
      18....Tends to be disorganized
      19....Worries a lot
      20....Has an active imagination
      21....Tends to be quiet
      I see myself as someone who... Strongly Disagree


      Strongly Agree
      22....Is generally trusting
      23....Tends to be lazy
      24....Is emotionally stable, not easily upset
      25....Is inventive
      26....Has an assertive personality
      27....Can be cold and aloof
      28....Perseveres until the task is finished
      I see myself as someone who... Strongly Disagree


      Strongly Agree
      29....Can be moody
      30....Values artistic, aesthetic experiences
      31....Is sometimes shy, inhibited
      32....Is considerate and kind to almost everyone
      33....Does things efficiently
      34....Remains calm in tense situations
      35....Prefers work that is routine
      I see myself as someone who... Strongly Disagree


      Strongly Agree
      36....Is outgoing, sociable
      37....Is sometimes rude to others
      38....Makes plans and follows through with them
      39....Gets nervous easily
      40....Likes to reflect, play with ideas
      I see myself as someone who... Strongly Disagree


      Strongly Agree
      41....Has few artistic interests
      42....Likes to cooperate with others
      43....Is easily distracted
      44....Is sophisticated in art, music, or literature
      45....Is politically liberal

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