[轉載]mysqlhotcopy 熱備工具體驗與總結

看見就非常 2014-09-19

展開全文

今天有空嘗試了一下MYSQLHOTCOPY這個快速熱備MYISAM引擎的工具。
(本文是針對單個服務器的情況，以后將會加入多服務器相關操作)
他和MYSQLDUMP的比較：
1、前者是一個快速文件意義上的COPY，后者是一個數(shù)據(jù)庫端的SQL語句集合。
2、前者只能運行在數(shù)據(jù)庫目錄所在的機器上，后者可以用在遠程客戶端。
3、相同的地方都是在線執(zhí)行LOCK TABLES 以及 UNLOCK TABLES
4、前者恢復只需要COPY備份文件到源目錄覆蓋即可，后者需要倒入SQL文件到原來庫中。(source 或者\.或者 mysql < 備份文件)
用MYSQLHOTCOPY備份的步驟：
1、有沒有PERL-DBD模塊安裝
我的機器上：
[root@localhost data]# rpm -qa |grep perl-DBD | grep MySQL

perl-DBD-MySQL-3.0007-1.fc6
2、在數(shù)據(jù)庫段分配一個專門用于備份的用戶
mysql> grant select,reload,lock tables on *.* to 'hotcopyer'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

3、在/etc/my.cnf或者登陸用戶的個人主文件.my.cnf里面添加
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
user=hotcopyer
password=123456
port=3306
4、開始備份。
[root@localhost ~]# mysqlhotcopy t_girl t_girl_new

Locked 4 tables in 0 seconds.
Flushed tables (`t_girl`.`category`, `t_girl`.`category_part`, `t_girl`.`id`, `t_girl`.`parent`) in 0 seconds.
Copying 22 files...
Copying indices for 0 files...
Unlocked tables.
mysqlhotcopy copied 4 tables (22 files) in 5 seconds (5 seconds overall).

備份后的目錄：
[root@localhost data]# du -h | grep t_girl

213M ./t_girl
213M ./t_girl_copy
[root@localhost ~]#

5、MYSQLHOTCOPY用法詳解。
1)、mysqlhotcopy 原數(shù)據(jù)庫名，新數(shù)據(jù)庫名
[root@localhost ~]# mysqlhotcopy t_girl t_girl_new

Locked 4 tables in 0 seconds.
Flushed tables (`t_girl`.`category`, `t_girl`.`category_part`, `t_girl`.`id`, `t_girl`.`parent`) in 0 seconds.
Copying 22 files...
Copying indices for 0 files...
Unlocked tables.
mysqlhotcopy copied 4 tables (22 files) in 5 seconds (5 seconds overall).
2)、mysqlhotcopy 原數(shù)據(jù)庫名，備份的目錄
[root@localhost ~]# mysqlhotcopy t_girl /tmp/

Locked 4 tables in 0 seconds.
Flushed tables (`t_girl`.`category`, `t_girl`.`category_part`, `t_girl`.`id`, `t_girl`.`parent`) in 0 seconds.
Copying 22 files...
Copying indices for 0 files...
Unlocked tables.
mysqlhotcopy copied 4 tables (22 files) in 6 seconds (6 seconds overall).
3)、對單個表支持正則表達式
(除了id 表外)
[root@localhost data]# mysqlhotcopy t_girl./~id/

Using copy suffix '_copy'
Locked 3 tables in 0 seconds.
Flushed tables (`t_girl`.`category`, `t_girl`.`category_part`, `t_girl`.`parent`) in 0 seconds.
Copying 19 files...
Copying indices for 0 files...
Unlocked tables.
mysqlhotcopy copied 3 tables (19 files) in 6 seconds (6 seconds overall).
[root@localhost data]#

4)、可以把記錄寫到專門的表中。具體察看幫助。
perldoc mysqlhostcopy

mysql> create database hotcopy;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> use hotcopy
Database changed
mysql> create table checkpoint(time_stamp timestamp not null,src varchar(32),dest varchar(60), msg varchar(255));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
同時記得給hotcopyer用戶權限。
mysql> grant insert on hotcopy.checkpoint to hotcopyer@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> \q
Bye
重復第三步的操作

[root@localhost ~]# mysqlhotcopy t_girl./~id/ --allowold --checkpoint hotcopy.checkpoint

Using copy suffix '_copy'
Existing hotcopy directory renamed to '/usr/local/mysql/data/t_girl_copy_old'
Locked 3 tables in 0 seconds.
Flushed tables (`t_girl`.`category`, `t_girl`.`category_part`, `t_girl`.`parent`) in 0 seconds.
Copying 19 files...
Copying indices for 0 files...
Unlocked tables.
mysqlhotcopy copied 3 tables (19 files) in 12 seconds (13 seconds overall).

默認保存在數(shù)據(jù)目錄下/t_girl_copy/
看看記錄表。
mysql> use hotcopy;
Database changed
mysql> select * from checkpoint;
+---------------------+--------+-----------------------------------+-----------+
| time_stamp | src | dest | msg |
+---------------------+--------+-----------------------------------+-----------+
| 2008-03-11 14:44:58 | t_girl | /usr/local/mysql/data/t_girl_copy | Succeeded |
+---------------------+--------+-----------------------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

5)、支持增量備份。
[root@localhost ~]# mysqlhotcopy t_girl./~id/ --allowold --checkpoint hotcopy.checkpoint --addtodest t_girl_new

Locked 3 tables in 0 seconds.
Flushed tables (`t_girl`.`category`, `t_girl`.`category_part`, `t_girl`.`parent`) in 0 seconds.
Copying 19 files...
Copying indices for 0 files...
Unlocked tables.
mysqlhotcopy copied 3 tables (19 files) in 7 seconds (7 seconds overall).
6)、其它的等待測試過了再發(fā)布。。。