出團(tuán)的通知說(shuō)，在科爾多瓦看清真寺和科爾多瓦大教堂。原來(lái)做功課的時(shí)候也沒(méi)整明白，以為是兩個(gè)臨近的古跡。到了這才知道，教堂就是清真寺，是清真寺改成的教堂！

        大清真寺建于8世紀(jì)，對(duì)于西班牙的穆斯林來(lái)說(shuō)，科爾多瓦是僅次于麥加和耶路撒冷的朝圣之地。原來(lái)，和塞維利亞大教堂有異曲同工之妙，大清真寺是穆斯林占領(lǐng)了科爾多瓦，改建了當(dāng)時(shí)西哥特人天主教會(huì)的一半，而后基督徒收復(fù)失地，又重新改建了清真寺。具有摩爾建筑和西班牙建筑的混合風(fēng)格，是西班牙伊斯蘭教最大的神圣建筑之一。

        公元786年前后，白衣大食王國(guó)國(guó)王阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼一世欲使科爾多瓦成為與東方匹敵的偉大宗教中心，在羅馬神廟和西哥特式教堂的遺址上修建了這個(gè)清真寺。到1236年時(shí)， 該寺院的面積已比初建時(shí)擴(kuò)大了2倍， 一次就可容納2萬(wàn)多信徒從事宗教活動(dòng)。在哈利發(fā)希什姆二世時(shí)代， 大臣曼蘇爾又?jǐn)U建了齋戒室，到哈里曼三世， 建筑工程達(dá)到最高峰。整個(gè)建筑為長(zhǎng)方形， 長(zhǎng)180米， 寬130米， 巍峨雄偉，可與耶路撒冷和麥加的大清真寺媲美。該寺主要分宣禮樓、桔樹(shù)院、禮拜正殿、圣墓等幾部分。桔樹(shù)院內(nèi)有一水池，是穆斯林在禮拜前履行凈禮的地方。禮拜正殿建筑宏偉， 裝飾極為豪華，由斑巖、碧玉和各種顏色的大理石石柱構(gòu)筑而成。這些石柱或掠奪自法國(guó)的尼姆和西班牙的塞維利亞等歐洲城市，或從迦太基的古建廢墟上精選而得?，F(xiàn)在殿內(nèi)尚存的850根石柱， 將正殿分成南北19行，每行各有29個(gè)拱門的翼廊，每個(gè)拱門又各有上下兩層馬蹄形的拱券。整座正殿玉柱林立、拱廊縱橫。

        西班牙占領(lǐng)科爾多瓦后， 于1236年改為天主教大教堂，象征著伊斯蘭教的殿堂被封閉16世紀(jì)初，阿隆索·曼里克主教代表卡洛斯五世國(guó)王全權(quán)主持清真寺的改建工程。正殿中的石柱和拱門近三分之一被毀， 從中建起了一座文藝復(fù)興式的大教堂，包括主座堂、王家小禮拜堂、唱詩(shī)班等幾部分。唱詩(shī)班的椅子全是帶有華貴的巴洛克雕飾的精湛工藝品，兩個(gè)講道臺(tái)是用桃花心木、大理石、碧玉等鑲嵌制成。不過(guò)卡洛斯國(guó)王的原有的建筑獨(dú)有情鐘，他對(duì)改建者們驚呼道：“你們?yōu)榻ㄆ鹨恍┰谖覈?guó)到處都能見(jiàn)到的東西而破壞了再也無(wú)法找回的東西”。正因?yàn)榭逅箛?guó)王及時(shí)制止，這座伊斯蘭教的大清真寺才得以保持至今， 并因此而成為一座使伊斯蘭教文化與基督教文化并存的特殊建筑物， 成為西班牙最著名的宗教旅游勝地。

        這里的好東西太多，大清真寺上就發(fā)外觀的照片，等到下再掛里面精美的柱廳吧。

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