1. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的定義

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示某動(dòng)作從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還有可能持續(xù)下去。如：

We have been waiting for him for two hours.

2. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)

have /has been + doing

3. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的應(yīng)用

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)所用的時(shí)間狀語：

this month / week / year, these days, recently / lately,

in the past few + 時(shí)間段, since +時(shí)間點(diǎn), for + 時(shí)間段。如：

They have been building the bridge for two months.

They have been planting trees this month.

（一）表示動(dòng)作的延續(xù)

The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.

中國(guó)有2000年的造紙歷史。（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去）

I have been learning English since three years ago.自從三年前以來我一直在學(xué)英語。

（二）表示在說話時(shí)刻之前剛剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作。

We  have  been waiting for you for half an hour.

我們已經(jīng)等你半個(gè)鐘頭了。（動(dòng)作不再繼續(xù)下去）

（三）有些現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。

They have been living in this city for ten years.

They have lived in this city for ten years.

他們?cè)谶@個(gè)城市已經(jīng)住了10年了。

I have been working here for five years.

I have worked here for five years.

我在這里已經(jīng)工作兩年了。

（四）大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子不等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。

I have been writing a book.（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去）

我一直在寫一本書。

I have written a book.（動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成）

我已經(jīng)寫了一本書。

They have been building a bridge.

他們一直在造一座橋。

They have built a bridge.

他們?cè)炝艘蛔鶚颉?/span>

（五）表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。

I have known him for years.

我認(rèn)識(shí)他已經(jīng)好幾年了。

×I have been knowing...

這類不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還有：love愛，like喜歡，hate討厭，等。

4. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別

 (1) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)，因此，表示動(dòng)作的完成，只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：

He has changed his idea.

(2) 在表示動(dòng)作的延續(xù)時(shí)，雖然既可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，也可用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，但現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行。因此在需要明確表示動(dòng)作還要持續(xù)下去時(shí)，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：

We have been studying here for two years.

 (3) 有些延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(如 keep, learn, live, stay, study, work等)，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別不大。如：

I have lived here for many years.

=I have been living here for many years.

我在這兒住了多年了。

1.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法；2.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別；3.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和其他時(shí)態(tài)的搭配

1.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成記憶不清；2.不能準(zhǔn)確區(qū)分現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別；3.時(shí)態(tài)搭配上出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤

【典型例題】

1. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she ______ English for a year.

A.studies  B.studied  C.is studying D.has been studying

解析：錯(cuò)選B。到現(xiàn)在為止，Cathy 仍然在Sunshine School學(xué)習(xí)，因此不能選B。根據(jù)題意，應(yīng)該選D。表示動(dòng)作從過去某時(shí)開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。

2.. Now that she is out of job, Lucy ___ going back to school，but she hasn’t decided yet.

A. had considered B. has been considering  

C. considered  D. is going to consider

解析：錯(cuò)選D。受漢語影響，認(rèn)為L(zhǎng)ucy將要考慮回到學(xué)校。本題后面表示“她還未決定”，表示現(xiàn)在仍在考慮，所以正確答案B。

3.--- Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?

 --- No, but we ____ to get in touch with them ever since.

A. have tried B. have been trying C. had tried D. had been trying

解析：錯(cuò)選A?！皬哪菚r(shí)一直到現(xiàn)在，我們一直在努力和他們聯(lián)系?！盇選項(xiàng)表示聯(lián)系過，隱含已經(jīng)放棄，所以錯(cuò)誤。正確答案為D。