廣東高考英語完形填空命題簡析與技巧點撥

昵稱2040955 2015-08-26

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廣東高考英語完形填空命題簡析與技巧點撥

一、命題特點

完型填空綜合考察學生的語言知識、閱讀能力和總體語言水平，檢查學生在有信息空缺的前提下理解整篇文章的能力，要求通過上下文判斷，選擇恰當的單詞或詞組填入空格中，使之成為上下合乎邏輯、語言通順、意義連貫的文章。

廣東卷近來年來的高考完形填空題，具有以下幾個特點：

1．一個只考。只考實詞，包括名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞。

2．兩種體裁。記敘文和說明文，以記敘文為主，間或夾敘夾議的內容。

3．三個相同。每小題的四個選項有以下三個相同點：

(1)詞類相同。要么都是名詞，要么都是動詞，要么都是形容詞或副詞；

(2)語法形式相同。名詞或動詞的單復數形式相同，動詞-ing或-ed形式相同，形容詞或副詞的比較等級形式相同；

(3)正確選項的分布基本相同。即A、B、C、D四個選項各自所占比例基本相同。如15個小題，A、B、C、D各占3—4個。

4．四個不考。

(1)不考虛詞，包括冠詞、代詞、介詞、連詞等；

(2)不考純語法。答案都要通過上下文理解來確定，沒有純語法考查題；

(3)不考純固定搭配。沒有考查純固定搭配記憶題，即使是搭配，也是可以通過上下文語境推知。

(4)不考詞語辨析。不考查詞義或用法非常相似或難以辨析的詞語。一般說來，四個選項的意義相差很大。

二、五個根據

解答完形填空題，有以下五條“根據”：

1．根據首句暗示。

高考完形填空首句往往不設空，是個完整的句子，通過它可以了解全文，判斷文章的大意或主題，建立正確的思維導向，對解題非常關鍵。

2．根據邏輯推理。

考生要懂得根據文段意思和日常生活經驗及科普常識等進行簡單的邏輯推理來確定答案。

3．根據語言結構。

就是根據選項所在句的對比結構、排比結構、類似結構等語言結構形式來判斷和選擇答案。

4．根據詞語復現(xiàn)。

詞匯復現(xiàn)往往會使語篇中的句子相互銜接得更緊密。利用詞語的復現(xiàn)，對解題很有幫助。

5．根據前后語境。

高考完形填空中絕大多數題是要通過理解上下文語境才能選出正確答案。有的根據上文，有的根據下文，有的要上下文結合，甚至通篇看完并理解才能作出正確的選擇。

三、三遍閱讀

四、兩個技巧

1．復現(xiàn)

復現(xiàn)是一種詞匯銜接手段，它通過原詞、同義詞、反義詞、上義詞、下義詞、同源詞或同根詞等形式，重復出現(xiàn)來表達某一概念，使整篇文章上下連貫，有機地銜接在一起。因此，考生可根據文章的具體情況，理解文章的結構和語境，利用文章中的復現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象來選擇正確答案。

(1)原詞復現(xiàn)。為了表達需要，在具體的上下文中同一個單詞重復出現(xiàn)。

All of a sudden I started to feel rather ___1___. She wondered why I was looking for this sort of ___2___. I felt even more helpless when she told me that it would be difficult to get a job without experience.

1. A. encouraged B. dissatisfied C. helpless D. pleased

2. A. place B. job C. advice D. help

(2)同義詞、近義詞復現(xiàn)。同義詞、近義詞復現(xiàn)是借助意思相同或相近的表達方式，或解釋性的語言使上下文的語義得以連接起來。如：

That is what a hobby means, I guess. It is something we like to do in our spare time simply for the ______ of it. The value in dollars is not important; we do it for the pleasure it gives us.

A. benefit B. good C. fun D. interest

(3)反義詞復現(xiàn)。語意的連貫有時是通過對比結構而采用反義復現(xiàn)的手段，或者是以反義的方式對前文加以解釋，考生可以從反義的角度判斷正確的選項。如：

Forcing yourself to recall almost never helps because it doesn’t ______ your money; it only tightens it.

A.　loosen　 B.　weaken　 C.　decrease　 D.　reduce　

(4)同源詞或同根詞復現(xiàn)。對于上下文語義復現(xiàn)的表達，還可借助復現(xiàn)信息的同源詞或同根詞。如：

Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the students. If a long reading assignment is given, the instructors expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading……When research is _________, the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance.

A. collected　 B. assigned　 C. distributed　 D. finished

[解析] 該部分作者通過兩個例子說明，應該有學生負責自己的學習，都是從"布置作業(yè)"方面解釋。說明布置閱讀作業(yè)時要求學生如何；布置研究作業(yè)時又該要求學生如何。兩個例子概念類似，借助于give　reading　assignment的表達方式，可以確定選B，構成assign　research的結構。

(5)上義詞復現(xiàn)。上義詞具有概括的作用。在篇章中，有時為了表達的需要，作者會先概述，再分述。概述時用的為上義詞，分述則用比較具體的下義詞，兩者為總分關系。如：

Other times, he would join student groups to discuss a variety of _______: agriculture, diving and mathematics.

A. questions B. subjects C. matters D. contents

[2．同現(xiàn)

同現(xiàn)指意義上相互聯(lián)系的單詞同時出現(xiàn)在同一句話或同一語篇中，以確保語篇的和諧性、得體性。由于單詞意義的差別、所使用的語境不同，因此所使用的上下文也各有差異。

(1)場所同現(xiàn)。如：

On _______ days, she wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves.

A. sunny B. rainy C. cloudy D. snowy

[(2)修飾同現(xiàn)。如：

Although these wide modern roads are generally _______ and well maintained, with little sharp curves and many straight ________, a direct route is not always the most enjoyable one.

A. stable　　 B. smooth C. splendid　　　D. complicated

A. selections　　 B. separations　　　C. series　　　D. sections判斷可知，第一空答案為B，第二空答案為D。　

(3)因果同現(xiàn)。如：

“Hooray!” shouted the crowd. It was the loudest _______ I had ever heard at a meet. The first-place runner was two laps ahead of me when she crossed the finishing line.

A. cheer B. shout C. cry D. noise但由下文“two laps ahead of me when she crossed the finishing line”可知，cheer“喝(4)結構同現(xiàn)。如：

Sometimes he would invite a student to a game of chess. _______, he would join student groups to discuss a variety of subjects: agriculture, diving, mathematics.

A. As a matter of fact B. Later on

C. Other times D. In general

[解析] 如果考生熟悉 sometimes與 other times 結構上的同現(xiàn)關系，就可立即選定正確答案為C。

(5)同義同現(xiàn)。如：

If a student has problem with classroom work, the student should either _______ a professor during office hours or make an appointment.

A. greet 　B. attach　 C. approach　 D. annoy

[解析] 根據同義同現(xiàn)， make an appointment就是approach(接近)老師的一種方式，所以選C。注意，同義同現(xiàn)是同義詞出現(xiàn)在同一句子中，而同義復現(xiàn)是同義詞出現(xiàn)在不同的句子中。

3．真題驗證

下面讓我們通過2010年廣東高考英語完形填空題來驗證這兩個絕招的神奇作用吧！

Every country has its own culture. Even though each country uses doors，doors may have 21 functions and purposes which lead to 22 differences.

21. A. different B. important C. practical D. unusual

22. A. national B. embarrassing C. cultural D. amazing

21. A 根據近義詞復現(xiàn)，文章首句提到了“每個國家都有它自己的文化”，門也有著不同的功能。此題也可以根據同義詞復現(xiàn)得知，下文“they had distinct functions”的distinct就是提示。

22. C 根據同源詞復現(xiàn)，文章首句中提到了“文化”一詞，所以門的功能不同導致了文化差異。

When I first came to America, I noticed that a public building had two different 23 and they had distinct functions. You have to push the door with the word “PUSH” to go out of the building and to pull the door with the word “PULL” to 24 the building. This was new to me, because we use the 25 door in South Korea. For quite a few times I failed to go out of a shopping centre and was embarrassed.

23. A. exits B. entrances C. signs D. doors

24. A. enter B. leave C. open D. close

25. A. main B. same C. front D. back

23. D 本文是講不同國家門的不同功能和不同使用方式，根據原詞復現(xiàn)，上下文中出現(xiàn)了好幾個door，再說，后半句的they也是指“門”。

24. A 根據反義詞復現(xiàn)，與go out of the building相對應的是enter the building。

25. B 根據反義詞復現(xiàn)，與前面23題的different doors相對應的是the same door。

The way of using school bus doors was also 26 to me. I used to take the school bus to classes. The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back doors, 27 who were getting off the bus should get off first, and students who were getting on should get on 28 . In South Korea, we do not need to wait for people to get off. One morning, I hurried to the bus, and when the bus doors opened, I 29 tried to get on the school bus through the front door. All the students around looked at me, I was totally 30 , and my face went red.

26. A. annoying B. hard C. satisfying D. strange

27. A. parents B. students C. teachers D. drivers

28. A. sooner B. later C. faster D. earlier

29. A. politely B. patiently C. unconsciously D. slowly

30. A. embarrassed B. annoyed C. unsatisfied D. excited

6. D 根據同義詞復現(xiàn)，上文提到了This (=The way of using public building doors) was new (=not familiar, strange) to me。本句中的also“也”一詞是提示詞，表明作者對The way of using school bus doors也很“陌生”的，后文內容提到的不熟悉門的使用方式也有提示。

27. B 根據原詞復現(xiàn)，下文的and students who were getting on should get on…可得出答案。

28. B 根據反義詞復現(xiàn)，前面提到了get off first，這里是相反的get on later，即要先下后上。

29. C 根據場所(情況、背景)同現(xiàn)，前文提到了韓國人不必等別人下了車(再上車)，作者也習慣這樣了，所以看到校車門打開后，就“無意識地”上車了。

30. A 根據原詞復現(xiàn)，文章提到了作者對The way of using public building doors和The way of using school bus doors的使用方式都感到很陌生(new, strange)，第三段末尾提到了感到embarrassed，所以，在這里，當周圍所有的同學都看著自己時，臉也紅了，當然也是“感到尷尬(embarrassed)”了。

哈哈，神奇吧？！都可以運用復現(xiàn)或同現(xiàn)做出來！

六、牛刀小試

運用復現(xiàn)和同現(xiàn)，做做下面完形填空題，看看你真正掌握了絕招沒有？

Passage 1

Have you ever noticed how you feel about yourself depends on whether or not you get confirmation of your value from others? I learned it from Frank who taught me to 1 dogs.

Frank always helped the guard dogs he trained feel respected, protected and 2 . He 3 by giving his dogs with love and respect, and by 4 them a large amount of patience as they were learning.

He would cut a small piece of 5 for each dog. He would place the carpet in the dog’s 6 area, for him to lie on each night. He would also take it during the 7 and sit the dog in various locations, as he praised the dog for being 8 . Whenever he went, he would pick up the carpet and 9 it to the new place, and sit the dog down. Soon the piece of carpet took on the distinct 10 of the dog.

Next, Frank would 11 the dog to pick up the piece of carpet himself, and carry it wherever he goes. The dog learned this 12 , with Frank often praising him for being a good dog. “No matter where the dog goes, he receives my love and 13 , ” said Frank.

If this strategy works so 14 with dogs, wouldn’t it work just as well with human beings? Ask yourself, “Wouldn’t your life be very 15 if you changed your piece of carpet to one full of love and appreciation?”

1. A. raise B. train C. select D. distribute

2. A. loved B. existed C. looked D. expected

3. A. figured out B. set out C. started out D. worked out

4. A. showing B. finding C. needing D. cultivating

5. A. expression B. result C. form D. carpet

6. A. sleeping B. learning C. drinking D. playing

7. A. break B. interruption C. day D. course

8. A. lovely B. good C. smart D. brave

9. A. fetch B. send C. carry D. lend

10. A. smell B. shape C. habit D. fur

11. A. teach B. force C. advise D. invite

12. A. shortly B. hardly C. quickly D. willingly

13. A. money B. help C. contribution D. appreciation

14. A. brilliantly B. badly C. easily D. truly

15. A. careful B. offensive C. doubtful D. different

[答案與解析] 這是一篇記敘文。作者向Frank學習怎樣用愛心與贊賞培訓狗，由此類推，我們人類也同樣需要得到他人的愛與贊賞。

1. B 根據原詞復現(xiàn)，下文的the guard dogs he trained中有提示。

2. A 根據同源復現(xiàn)，下文的with love and respect中有提示。

3. C 根據結構同現(xiàn)，這里講的是Frank訓狗的步驟，根據第四段開頭的next，此處應選C。

4. A 根據近義詞復現(xiàn)，與giving相對應的是showing。

5. D 根據原詞復現(xiàn)，下一句中就有carpet，F(xiàn)rank為每一條狗剪一張?zhí)鹤印?/span>

6. A 根據上義詞復現(xiàn)，后面的…for him to lie on each night提示這里是每晚“睡覺”的地方。

7. C 根據反義詞復現(xiàn)，上一句講的是each night, 所以這里講“白天”的情況。

8. B 根據原詞復現(xiàn)，文章兩處贊揚了狗表現(xiàn)“好”，都用了good一詞。

9. C 根據近義詞復現(xiàn)，與上文的pick up近義，也可以根據原詞復現(xiàn)，下一段第一句話中再次出現(xiàn)carry，這里是說，F(xiàn)rank會撿起狗的毯子，并“拿到”新的地方去。

10. A 根據因果同現(xiàn)，因為狗無論到哪兒都會帶著自己的毯子睡覺，因此毯子上就會有狗的“氣味”。

11. A 根據反義詞復現(xiàn)，下文說The dog learned this，與之相反，F(xiàn)rank“教”狗如何撿起自己的毯子。

12. C 根據因果同現(xiàn)，因為狗學習接受能力“快”，所以才會得到主人Frank的表揚。

13. D 根據原詞復現(xiàn)，文章最后一句有相同的名詞詞組，love and appreciation。

14. A 根據同義詞復現(xiàn)，四個選項中與well同義的只有答案A。

15. D 根據同義同現(xiàn)，既然改變(changed…to…)了，肯定是“不同”的了。本句意思為，如果你的毯子也變成了一張充滿愛與贊賞的毯子，難道你的人生不會變得不同嗎？

Passage 2

My dad had a keen imagination, and would play a little good-night game every day. He would 1 my room to talk to me and listen to the joys and 2 of my day. As he was leaving. Dad would blow out my light like the birthday candles on a 3 .

As he did his little 4 , Dad would say, “The light will be dark. As far as you’re concerned, it will be dark all over the world because your world is the one you 5 totally by yourself. The world is yours to see that way. So, keep your light 6 .”When I was very young, I used to 7 there in bed after Dad left and try to understand what he meant. It was 8 as I was so young. What Dad was trying to tell me was that when I went to 9 at night, the world came to a stop. When I woke up in the morning I could 10 to see a fresh new world through my own eyes. In other words, if I woke up happy, the world was happy. If I woke up not feeling well, the world felt 11 .

My father’s 12 about self-aware and about the power of the eye of others was invaluable: “Everything depends on how you 13 what happens in life. And what matters 14 is how you take it.”

That good-night game with my father taught me that people’s 15 of me aren’t important. It’s the way I handle them that makes the difference.

1. A. search B. clean C. enter D. check

2. A. hesitation B. sorrows C. pleasure D. problems.

3. A. card B. table C. bottle D. cake

4. A. routine B. order C. enquiry D tradition.

5. A. feel B. control C. judge D. watch

6. A. special B. bright C. attractive D. colorful

7. A. lie B. study C. play D. cry

8. A. upsetting B. bothering C. amazing D. confusing

9. A. sleep B. eat C. dream D. die

10. A. design B. decide C. choose D. continue

11. A. anxious B. proud C. angry D. sad