句子的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

He wrote the letter.

The letter was written by him.

(被動(dòng)語態(tài)) 劃分句子成分

They are building a house now.

A house is being built (by them) now.

(被動(dòng)語態(tài))

英語句子有主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)兩種。

主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；

被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。

 I saw him taken to the hospital.（此句不是被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子，但含有被動(dòng)關(guān)系）

被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子是由:

“be +及物動(dòng)詞過去分詞(done)”構(gòu)成

※ 所有被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子理論上都可以還原成一個(gè)“主謂賓”結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。

被動(dòng)語態(tài)常用在以下三種情況：

 1). 不知道誰是動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者

  eg: His bike has been stolen.

 2). 沒必要指出誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者

  eg: I was told you were late this morning.

 3). 需要強(qiáng)調(diào)突出動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)

 eg: The final decision has been made.

被動(dòng)語態(tài)可用于不同時(shí)態(tài)當(dāng)中，只需變化”be”的形式（其規(guī)則和be一樣），過去分詞(done)部分不變。疑問和否定也與be一樣。

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng): I am (not) told …

一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng): I was (not) told…

一般將來時(shí)被動(dòng): I will(not) be told…

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng): I am(not) being told...

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng): I was(not) being told…

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng): I have (not)been told…

過去完成時(shí)被動(dòng): I had(not)been told …

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng): am/is/are +done

一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng): was/were+ done

一般將來時(shí)被動(dòng): shall/will+ be done

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng):am/is/are+being done

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng):      was/were+being done

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng): have/has+been told

過去完成時(shí)被動(dòng): had +been done

l   情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be+ done

They treat him well.

He is treated well (by them.)

People make history.

History is made by the people.

They are building a new railway now.

A new railway being built now.

They were building a new railway at this time last year.

A new railway was being built at this time last year.

Tom gave Mary a pen yesterday.

Mary was given a pen yesterday.

My teacher asked me to do the job.

I was asked to do the job (by my teacher).

The film made me cry.

He left the door open last night.

The door was left open last night.

I will not allow you to do so.

You will not be allowed to do so

The fact leaves Tom worried.

被動(dòng)語態(tài)的常見考點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)：

1. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)與不同時(shí)態(tài)的結(jié)合

2. 一些動(dòng)詞短語，固定搭配也可以變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句，其實(shí)質(zhì)不變。

eg: The teacher was listened to carefully.

   The Premier is highly thought of by the people.

※We should make good use of our time.

Our time should be made good use of.

Good use should be made /of our time.

3. 復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)的主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)

  make/see/hear … sb do

Sb is/was made/seen/heard to do.

4. 在有一些句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，用主動(dòng)的形式來表達(dá)被動(dòng)的意思。

  The book sells well.

  This kind of cloth washes very well.

  The door opens easily.

※S +be +adj +to do

to do “S”

The problem is difficult to deal with.

The music is nice to listen to.

The book is worth reading.

The tree needs watering.

You are to blame.

5. 有些句子盡管也滿足“be +及物動(dòng)詞過去分詞(done)”，但被動(dòng)動(dòng)作的意味淡了，而狀態(tài)的意味強(qiáng)了，此時(shí)的過去分詞更像一個(gè)adj作表語, 來描述主語的狀態(tài)。

eg: The glass was broken by Tom yesterday.

    That is why the glass is broken now.

 The girl is dressed in red today.

 Mike was seated in the corner last night.

 I am determined to change myself.

 I am faced with many problems.

 I am surprised at the news.

【例題】

 1. You can see the house ___ for years.

   A. isn’t paint   B. hasn’t paint

   C. hasn’t been painted

   D. hadn’t been painted

2. ---Why does Mike look so unhappy?

   --- He has ___ by his classmate.

  A. laughed       B. laughed at

  C. been laughed   D. been laughed at

3. I ___ ten minutes to decide whether I

  should reject the offer.

    A. gave    B. was given

    C. to give   D.had given

4. The police found that the house ___

  and lots of things ___ .

  A. has broken into; has been stolen

  B. had broken into; had been stolen

  C. has been broken into; stolen

  D. had been broken into; stolen

5. I need one more stamp before my collection ____.

  A. had completed   B. completes

  C. has been completed

  D. is completed  E. will be completed

6. Paul doesn’t have to be made ___. He

  always works hard.

  A. learn     B. to learn

  C. learned   D. learning

7. --- ___ that the sports meet might be put off.

  --- Yes, it all depends on the weather.

  A. I’ve been told   B. I’ve told

  C. I’m told        D. I told

8.  As we joined the big crowd I got ___

  from my friends.

  A. separated   B. missed

   C. lost       D. missing

9. He was surprised that his wife ___ near their house.

  A. had robbed   B. had been robbed

  C. had robbed of  

D. had been robbed of

10. The water will be further polluted

   unless some measures ____.

   A. will be taken   B. are taken

   C. were taken    D. had been taken

11.   Good care must ____ babies particularly while they are ill.

   A. take      B. take of

   C. be taken   D. be taken of

12. By the end of last year, another new

   gymnasium ____ in Beijing.

  A. would be completed

  B. was being completed

  C. has been completed

  D. had been completed

被動(dòng)語態(tài)練習(xí)（后附答案）

1. The flowers were so lovely that they ______ in no time.    (2007  海南卷)

A. sold              B. had been sold  

C. were sold       D. would sell

2. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _____ yet.     

(2007  浙江卷)

A. hasn’t been decided          

B. haven’t been decided  

C. isn’t being decided           

D. aren’t decided

3. It is said that the early European playing-cards ______ for entertainment and education.(2006 遼寧卷)

A. were being designed    

 B. were designed

C. have been designed     

D. have designed

  4. Although the causes of cancer ______, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.

(2006  山東卷)

A. are being uncovered           

B. have been uncovering  

C. are uncovering     

D. have uncovered

  5. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage ______ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.       (2005  重慶卷)

A. has been caused     

B. had been caused  

C. will be caused  

D. will have been caused

  6. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which ______ the Pacific, and we met no storms.        (2005  遼寧卷)

A. was called          B. is called     

C. had been called         

D. has been called

  7. The moment the 28th Olympic Games ______ open, the whole world cheered.  (2006  福建卷)

A. declared     B. have been declared

C. have declared   D. were declared

8. —Why did you leave that position?

—I ______ a better position at IBM.

(2005  北京卷)

A. offer            B. offered     

C. am offered       D. was offered

  9. —George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?

—No, I ______. Did they have a big wedding?(2004  湖北卷)

A. was not invited

B. have not been invited  

C. hadn’t been invited    

D. didn’t invite

10. The hero’s story ______ differently in the news－papers.  (2005  全國Ⅰ)

A. was reported    B. was reporting 

C. reports             D. reported

11. I hear that the meeting ______ till tomorrow.

A. was put off       B. will put off  

C. has been put off      D. is put off

12. —I saw David in the supermarket this morning.

—Really? He _____ around here for a long time.

A. won’t be seen     B. wasn’t seen   

C. hasn’t been seen  

D. hadn’t been seen

13. ----It is said that Beijing Olympic tickets can _____ online from April, 2007.

---Yes, and I am sure the 110-meter hurdles tickets will _____ well.

A. be booked; be sold   B. book; be sold  

C. be booked; sell        D. book; sell

14. It is reported that the old coins _____ under the earth for about 500 years by the time they were discovered.

A. had buried         B. had been buried  

C. buried             D. were buried

15. People say that the repair of the old temple _____ by 2008.

A. has completed     

B. has been completed  

C. will have been completed  

 D. is completed

參考答案

1-5 CABAA     6-10 BDDCA   11-15 CDCBC