證據(jù)來源 生命體征通常包括血壓、體溫、脈率和呼吸頻率,主要反映個體最基礎(chǔ)的軀體功能狀態(tài)。
本證據(jù)總結(jié)是基于系統(tǒng)的文獻搜索和循證衛(wèi)生保健數(shù)據(jù)庫。證據(jù)是來自于: ·6篇基于專家意見的文獻。1,5,8,9,11,12 ·1篇美國心臟學會高血壓研究的專家申明。2 ·3篇系統(tǒng)評價。3,4,7 ·1篇比較性研究。6 ·1篇對照試驗。10 ·推薦使用柯氏音聽診法測量血壓(Grade B) ·活動或體位改變后休息1-5分鐘后再測量血壓,測量時保持手臂位置和心臟同一水平。(Grade B) ·袖帶固定妥當,氣囊中央應(yīng)位于肱動脈的上方。(Grade B) ·拉直耳道,清除耳垢可使耳溫測量讀數(shù)更準確。(Grade B) ·呼吸監(jiān)測應(yīng)當包括呼吸頻率、呼吸節(jié)律、呼吸性質(zhì)。(Grade B) ·密切監(jiān)測呼吸頻率增快的重癥患者情況。(Grade B) ·呼吸頻率的最佳計數(shù)方法:患者處于休息狀態(tài)并且持續(xù)一分鐘;當呼吸急促時,使用聽診器聽診胸部,保證呼吸頻率計數(shù)準確。(Grade B) ·考慮到節(jié)約時間,相比無汞玻璃體溫計,可能優(yōu)先使用電子腋溫計。(Grade B) 本證據(jù)來自于國外循證資源,在應(yīng)用該證據(jù)時,應(yīng)考慮具體的臨床情境、專業(yè)判斷和患者意愿,做出本土化決策。 1. Alexis O. Providing best practice in manual blood pressure measurement. BJN, 2009; 18(7):410-415. (Level IV) 2. Pickering TG, Hall JE, Appel LJ, Falkner BE, Graves J, Hill MN, et al. Recommendations for blood pressure measurement in humans and experimental animals, part 1: blood pressure measurement in humans: a statement for professionals from the Subcommittee of Professional and Public Education of the American Heart Association Council on High Blood Pressure Research. Hypertension. 2005;45:142-161. 3. Lockwood C, Conroy-Hiller T, Page T. Vital Signs. JBI Reports. 2004; 2(6). (Level I) 4. Skirton H, Chamberlain W, Lawson C, Ryan H, Young E. A systematic review of variability and reliability of manual and automated blood pressure readings. JCN. 2011; 20:602-614 (Level I) 5. Amoore D. Best Practice in the measurement of body temperature. Nurs Stand. 2010; 24(42):42-49. (Level IV) 6. Khorshid L, Eser I, Zaybak A, Yapucu U. Comparing mercury-in-glass, tympanic and disposable thermometers in measuring body temperature in healthy young people. JCN. 2005; 14:496-500. (Level III) 7. Lu S, Leasure A, Dai Y. A systematic review of body temperature variation in older people. JCN. 2009; 19:4-16. (Level I) 8. Woodrow P. Taking tympanic temperature. Nurs Older People. 2006; 18(1):31-2. (Level IV) 9. Mains JA, Coxall K, Lloyd H. Measuring temperature…clinical skills:52. Nurs Stand. 2008; 22(39):44-7. (Level IV) 10. Giantin V, Toffanello ED, Enzi G, Perissinotto E, Vangelista S, Simonato M, et al. Reliability of body temperature measurements in hospitalised older patients. J Clin Nurs 2008;17:1518-1525. (Level III) 11. Cretikos MA, Bellomo R, Hillman K, Chen J, Finfer S, Flabouris A. Respiratory rate: the neglected vital sign. Med J Aust. 2008; 188(11):657-9. (Level IV) 12. Parkes, R. Rate of Respiration the forgotten vital sign. Emergency Nurse. 2011:11. (Level IV) 來源:復旦大學循證護理中心 |
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