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這些天應(yīng)朋友的要求抓取某個(gè)論壇帖子的信息，網(wǎng)上搜索了一下開源的爬蟲資料，看了許多對(duì)于開源爬蟲的比較發(fā)現(xiàn)開源爬蟲scrapy比較好用。但是以前一直用的java和php，對(duì)python不熟悉，于是花一天時(shí)間粗略了解了一遍python的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。于是就開干了，沒想到的配置一個(gè)運(yùn)行環(huán)境就花了我一天時(shí)間。下面記錄下安裝和配置scrapy踩過的那些坑吧。 運(yùn)行環(huán)境：CentOS 6.0 虛擬機(jī) 開始上來(lái)先得安裝python運(yùn)行環(huán)境。然而我運(yùn)行了一下python命令，發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)自帶了，竊（大）喜（坑）。于是google搜索了一下安裝步驟，pip install Scrapy直接安裝，發(fā)現(xiàn)不對(duì)。少了pip，于是安裝pip。再次pip install Scrapy，發(fā)現(xiàn)少了python-devel，于是這么來(lái)回折騰了一上午。后來(lái)下載了scrapy的源碼安裝，突然曝出一個(gè)需要python2.7版本，再通過python --version查看，一個(gè)2.6映入眼前；頓時(shí)千萬(wàn)個(gè)草泥馬在心中奔騰。 于是查看了官方文檔（http://doc./en/master/intro/install.html），果然是要python2.7。沒辦法，只能升級(jí)python的版本了。 1、升級(jí)python
#wget https://www./ftp/python/2.7.10/Python-2.7.10.tgz #tar -zxvf Python-2.7.10.tgz #cd Python-2.7.10 #./configure #make all #make install #make clean #make distclean
#python --version 發(fā)現(xiàn)還是2.6
#mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.6.6_bak #ln -s /usr/local/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python
# python --version Python 2.7.10 到這里，python算是升級(jí)完成了，繼續(xù)安裝scrapy。于是pip install scrapy，還是報(bào)錯(cuò)。 Collecting Twisted>=10.0.0 (from scrapy) Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement Twisted>=10.0.0 (from scrapy) (from versions: ) No matching distribution found for Twisted>=10.0.0 (from scrapy) 少了 Twisted，于是安裝 Twisted 2、安裝Twisted
cd Twisted-15.2.1 python setup.py install
python Python 2.7.10 (default, Jun 5 2015, 17:56:24) [GCC 4.4.4 20100726 (Red Hat 4.4.4-13)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import twisted >>> 此時(shí)索命twisted已經(jīng)安裝成功。于是繼續(xù)pip install scrapy，還是報(bào)錯(cuò)。 3、安裝libxlst、libxml2和xslt-configCollecting libxlst Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement libxlst (from versions: ) No matching distribution found for libxlst Collecting libxml2 Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement libxml2 (from versions: ) No matching distribution found for libxml2 wget http://xmlsoft.org/sources/libxslt-1.1.28.tar.gz cd libxslt-1.1.28/ ./configure make make install wget ftp://xmlsoft.org/libxml2/libxml2-git-snapshot.tar.gz cd libxml2-2.9.2/ ./configure make make install 安裝好以后繼續(xù)pip install scrapy，幸運(yùn)之星仍未降臨 4、安裝cryptographyFailed building wheel for cryptography
下載cryptography（https://pypi./packages/source/c/cryptography/cryptography-0.4.tar.gz） 安裝 cd cryptography-0.4 python setup.py build python setup.py install 發(fā)現(xiàn)安裝的時(shí)候報(bào)錯(cuò)： No package 'libffi' found 于是下載libffi下載并安裝 wget ftp://sourceware.org/pub/libffi/libffi-3.2.1.tar.gz cd libffi-3.2.1 make make install 安裝后發(fā)現(xiàn)仍然報(bào)錯(cuò) Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path. Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc' to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable No package 'libffi' found 于是設(shè)置：PKG_CONFIG_PATH export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH 再次安裝scrapy pip install scrapy
幸運(yùn)女神都去哪兒了？ ImportError: libffi.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory 于是 whereis libffi
libffi: /usr/local/lib/libffi.a /usr/local/lib/libffi.la /usr/local/lib/libffi.so
已經(jīng)正常安裝，網(wǎng)上搜索了一通，發(fā)現(xiàn)是LD_LIBRARY_PATH沒設(shè)置，于是 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib 于是繼續(xù)安裝cryptography-0.4 ./configure make make install 此時(shí)正確安裝，沒有報(bào)錯(cuò)信息了。 5、繼續(xù)安裝scrapypip install scrapy
看著提示信息： Building wheels for collected packages: cryptography Running setup.py bdist_wheel for cryptography 在這里停了好久，在想幸運(yùn)女神是不是到了。等了一會(huì) Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): zope.interface>=3.6.0 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/zope.interface-4.1.2-py2.7-linux-i686.egg (from Twisted>=10.0.0->scrapy) Collecting cryptography>=0.7 (from pyOpenSSL->scrapy) Using cached cryptography-0.9.tar.gz Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): setuptools in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from zope.interface>=3.6.0->Twisted>=10.0.0->scrapy) Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): idna in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from cryptography>=0.7->pyOpenSSL->scrapy) Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): pyasn1 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from cryptography>=0.7->pyOpenSSL->scrapy) Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): enum34 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from cryptography>=0.7->pyOpenSSL->scrapy) Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): ipaddress in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from cryptography>=0.7->pyOpenSSL->scrapy) Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): cffi>=0.8 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from cryptography>=0.7->pyOpenSSL->scrapy) Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): ordereddict in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from enum34->cryptography>=0.7->pyOpenSSL->scrapy) Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): pycparser in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from cffi>=0.8->cryptography>=0.7->pyOpenSSL->scrapy) Building wheels for collected packages: cryptography Running setup.py bdist_wheel for cryptography Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/d7/64/02/7258f08eae0b9c930c04209959c9a0794b9729c2b64258117e Successfully built cryptography Installing collected packages: cryptography Found existing installation: cryptography 0.4 Uninstalling cryptography-0.4: Successfully uninstalled cryptography-0.4 Successfully installed cryptography-0.9 顯示如此的信息?？吹酱丝蹋瑑?nèi)流馬面。謝謝CCAV，感謝MTV，釣魚島是中國(guó)的。終于安裝成功了。 6、測(cè)試scrapy創(chuàng)建測(cè)試腳本 cat > myspider.py <<EOF from scrapy import Spider, Item, Field class Post(Item): title = Field() class BlogSpider(Spider): name, start_urls = 'blogspider', ['http://www.cnblogs.com/rwxwsblog/'] def parse(self, response): return [Post(title=e.extract()) for e in response.css("h2 a::text")] EOF 測(cè)試腳本能否正常運(yùn)行 scrapy runspider myspider.py 2015-06-06 20:25:16 [scrapy] INFO: Scrapy 1.0.0rc2 started (bot: scrapybot) 2015-06-06 20:25:16 [scrapy] INFO: Optional features available: ssl, http11 2015-06-06 20:25:16 [scrapy] INFO: Overridden settings: {} 2015-06-06 20:25:16 [py.warnings] WARNING: :0: UserWarning: You do not have a working installation of the service_identity module: 'No module named service_identity'. Please install it from <https://pypi./pypi/service_identity> and make sure all of its dependencies are satisfied. Without the service_identity module and a recent enough pyOpenSSL to support it, Twisted can perform only rudimentary TLS client hostname verification. Many valid certificate/hostname mappings may be rejected. 2015-06-06 20:25:16 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled extensions: CloseSpider, TelnetConsole, LogStats, CoreStats, SpiderState 2015-06-06 20:25:16 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares: HttpAuthMiddleware, DownloadTimeoutMiddleware, UserAgentMiddleware, RetryMiddleware, DefaultHeadersMiddleware, MetaRefreshMiddleware, HttpCompressionMiddleware, RedirectMiddleware, CookiesMiddleware, ChunkedTransferMiddleware, DownloaderStats 2015-06-06 20:25:16 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares: HttpErrorMiddleware, OffsiteMiddleware, RefererMiddleware, UrlLengthMiddleware, DepthMiddleware 2015-06-06 20:25:16 [scrapy] INFO: Enabled item pipelines: 2015-06-06 20:25:16 [scrapy] INFO: Spider opened 2015-06-06 20:25:16 [scrapy] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min) 2015-06-06 20:25:16 [scrapy] DEBUG: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6023 2015-06-06 20:25:17 [scrapy] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET http://www.cnblogs.com/rwxwsblog/> (referer: None) 2015-06-06 20:25:17 [scrapy] INFO: Closing spider (finished) 2015-06-06 20:25:17 [scrapy] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats: {'downloader/request_bytes': 226, 'downloader/request_count': 1, 'downloader/request_method_count/GET': 1, 'downloader/response_bytes': 5383, 'downloader/response_count': 1, 'downloader/response_status_count/200': 1, 'finish_reason': 'finished', 'finish_time': datetime.datetime(2015, 6, 6, 12, 25, 17, 310084), 'log_count/DEBUG': 2, 'log_count/INFO': 7, 'log_count/WARNING': 1, 'response_received_count': 1, 'scheduler/dequeued': 1, 'scheduler/dequeued/memory': 1, 'scheduler/enqueued': 1, 'scheduler/enqueued/memory': 1, 'start_time': datetime.datetime(2015, 6, 6, 12, 25, 16, 863599)} 2015-06-06 20:25:17 [scrapy] INFO: Spider closed (finished) 運(yùn)行正常（此時(shí)心中竊喜，^_^....）。 7、創(chuàng)建自己的scrapy項(xiàng)目（此時(shí)換了一個(gè)會(huì)話）scrapy startproject tutorial 輸出以下信息 Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/local/bin/scrapy", line 9, in <module> load_entry_point('Scrapy==1.0.0rc2', 'console_scripts', 'scrapy')() File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 552, in load_entry_point return get_distribution(dist).load_entry_point(group, name) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2672, in load_entry_point return ep.load() File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2345, in load return self.resolve() File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2351, in resolve module = __import__(self.module_name, fromlist=['__name__'], level=0) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Scrapy-1.0.0rc2-py2.7.egg/scrapy/__init__.py", line 48, in <module> from scrapy.spiders import Spider File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Scrapy-1.0.0rc2-py2.7.egg/scrapy/spiders/__init__.py", line 10, in <module> from scrapy.http import Request File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Scrapy-1.0.0rc2-py2.7.egg/scrapy/http/__init__.py", line 11, in <module> from scrapy.http.request.form import FormRequest File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Scrapy-1.0.0rc2-py2.7.egg/scrapy/http/request/form.py", line 9, in <module> import lxml.html File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/lxml/html/__init__.py", line 42, in <module> from lxml import etree ImportError: /usr/lib/libxml2.so.2: version `LIBXML2_2.9.0' not found (required by /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/lxml/etree.so) 心中無(wú)數(shù)個(gè)草泥馬再次狂奔。怎么又不行了？難道會(huì)變戲法？定定神看了下：ImportError: /usr/lib/libxml2.so.2: version `LIBXML2_2.9.0' not found (required by /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/lxml/etree.so)。這是那樣的熟悉呀！想了想，這怎么和前面的ImportError: libffi.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory那么類似呢？于是 8、添加環(huán)境變量export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib 再次運(yùn)行： scrapy startproject tutorial 輸出以下信息： [root@bogon scrapy]# scrapy startproject tutorial 2015-06-06 20:35:43 [scrapy] INFO: Scrapy 1.0.0rc2 started (bot: scrapybot) 2015-06-06 20:35:43 [scrapy] INFO: Optional features available: ssl, http11 2015-06-06 20:35:43 [scrapy] INFO: Overridden settings: {} New Scrapy project 'tutorial' created in: /root/scrapy/tutorial You can start your first spider with: cd tutorial scrapy genspider example example.com 尼瑪?shù)慕K于成功了。由此可見，scrapy運(yùn)行的時(shí)候需要 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 環(huán)境變量的支持?？梢钥紤]將其加入環(huán)境變量中 vi /etc/profile
添加：export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib 這行（前面的PKG_CONFIG_PATH也可以考慮添加進(jìn)來(lái)，export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH） 保存后檢查是否存在異常： source /etc/profile 開一個(gè)新的會(huì)話運(yùn)行 scrapy runspider myspider.py 發(fā)現(xiàn)正常運(yùn)行，可見LD_LIBRARY_PATH是生效的。至此scrapy就算正式安裝成功了。 查看scrapy版本：運(yùn)行scrapy version，看了下scrapy的版本為“Scrapy 1.0.0rc2” 9、編程外的思考(感謝閱讀到此的你，我自己都有點(diǎn)暈了。)
10、參考文檔http:/// http://doc./en/master/ http://blog.csdn.net/slvher/article/details/42346887 http://blog.csdn.net/niying/article/details/27103081 http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaoruoen/archive/2013/02/27/2933854.html |
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來(lái)自： icecity1306 > 《升級(jí)打怪》
