先貼上參考文獻(xiàn)：
1. http://my./blog/2014-02-opencv_configuration_in_vs.html
2. http://blog.csdn.net/morewindows/article/details/8225783/
3. http://zhidao.baidu.com/link?url=-5zunOvY_oPN4O5UpYHQm1GGpI7Y-CJBN-2C2VnZYAgQsmNBzTXU7JycgSACaV3Z8Ru5OaVdeucfxdW0WcbJlK
4. http://bbs.csdn.net/topics/380057699
正文
Opencv下載
1. 下載 Opencv for Windows 最新版本，本文是 Opencv 2.4.11。雙擊后會(huì)出現(xiàn)解壓提示，實(shí)際上就是“安裝”了，路徑填寫為 D:/Program Files，然后確定。
D:/Program Files 可以為任意自己希望opencv安裝的路徑，解壓完成后，會(huì)在你所填目錄中新增一個(gè) opencv文件夾，里面就是opencv的所有內(nèi)容了。例如按照我的路徑，解壓完成后Opencv就在 D:/Program Files/opencv 里面了。
環(huán)境變量設(shè)置
在系統(tǒng)變量里面新建變量，名為 opencv，值為自己解壓opencv路徑下的build路徑，如 D:\Program Files\opencv\build。

Tip :這一步是方便以后如果opencv路徑改變了，只需要修改此變量就可以了，而不必做大范圍修改。
在系統(tǒng)變量里面編輯 Path 變量，在末尾添加” %opencv%\x86\vc10\bin;%opencv%\x64\vc10\bin”或者
“D:\Program Files\opencv\build\x64\vc10\bin;D:\Program Files\opencv\build\x86\vc10\bin”.
vc10, vc11, vc12 分別表示VS2010, VS2012, VS2013的Visual Studio使用的編譯器版本，根據(jù)自己的VS版本來(lái)填寫正確的編譯器版本號(hào)。(有時(shí)候填寫完環(huán)境變量后重啟系統(tǒng)是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的方法)。
編寫Opencv的VS工程容屬性表
在D:\Program Files\opencv下新建文件opencv2411.props，編輯內(nèi)容為

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
  <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" />
  <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
  <PropertyGroup>
        <IncludePath>$(OPENCV)\include;$(IncludePath)</IncludePath>
        <LibraryPath Condition="'$(Platform)'=='Win32'">$(OPENCV)\x86\vc10\lib;$(LibraryPath)</LibraryPath>
        <LibraryPath Condition="'$(Platform)'=='X64'">$(OPENCV)\x64\vc10\lib;$(LibraryPath)</LibraryPath>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemDefinitionGroup>
        <Link Condition="'$(Configuration)'=='Debug'">
          <AdditionalDependencies>opencv_calib3d2411d.lib;opencv_contrib2411d.lib;opencv_core2411d.lib;
          opencv_features2d2411d.lib;opencv_flann2411d.lib;opencv_gpu2411d.lib;opencv_highgui2411d.lib;
          opencv_imgproc2411d.lib;opencv_legacy2411d.lib;opencv_ml2411d.lib;opencv_nonfree2411d.lib;
          opencv_objdetect2411d.lib;opencv_ocl2411d.lib;opencv_photo2411d.lib;opencv_stitching2411d.lib;
          opencv_superres2411d.lib;opencv_ts2411d.lib;opencv_video2411d.lib;opencv_videostab2411d.lib;
          %(AdditionalDependencies)
          </AdditionalDependencies>
        </Link>
        <Link Condition="'$(Configuration)'=='Release'">
          <AdditionalDependencies>opencv_calib3d2411.lib;opencv_contrib2411.lib;opencv_core2411.lib;opencv_features2d2411.lib;
          opencv_flann2411.lib;opencv_gpu2411.lib;opencv_highgui2411.lib;opencv_imgproc2411.lib;opencv_legacy2411.lib;
          opencv_ml2411.lib;opencv_nonfree2411.lib;opencv_objdetect2411.lib;opencv_ocl2411.lib;opencv_photo2411.lib;
          opencv_stitching2411.lib;opencv_superres2411.lib;opencv_ts2411.lib;opencv_video2411.lib;opencv_videostab2411.lib;
          %(AdditionalDependencies)
          </AdditionalDependencies>
        </Link>
  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
  <ItemGroup />
</Project>
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這份屬性表為opencv2.4.11的VS工程屬性表，兼容64位和32位平臺(tái)，兼容Debug和Release配置。

很容易看出如何修改：

如果你沒(méi)有配置%opencv%環(huán)境變量，則只需要修改 IncludePath 和 LibraryPath 所指三個(gè)標(biāo)簽，用絕對(duì)路徑代替 $(opencv)；
如果你的Visual Studio版本與我的不同，則需要修改 LibraryPath 所指兩個(gè)標(biāo)簽的將編譯器版本號(hào)，VS2010對(duì)應(yīng)vc10，VS2012對(duì)應(yīng)vc11，VS2013對(duì)應(yīng)vc12；
如果你的opencv與我的版本不同，只需要將兩個(gè) AdditionalDependencies 標(biāo)簽內(nèi)的所有l(wèi)ib的版本號(hào)修正即可（所有的2411改為自己的版本號(hào)），并在opencv的lib目錄下檢查一下lib名稱是否對(duì)應(yīng)。
在VS中新建工程并導(dǎo)入我們新建的屬性表opencv2411.props
具體操作請(qǐng)參考
Opencv 完美配置攻略 2014 (Win8.1 + Opencv 2.4.8 + VS 2013) | Yuanbo She
http://my./blog/2014-02-opencv_configuration_in_vs.html
補(bǔ)充
編譯程序時(shí)如若遇到以下問(wèn)題，請(qǐng)參閱本文開(kāi)始的參考文獻(xiàn)中的相關(guān)鏈接
1. 應(yīng)用程序無(wú)法正常啟動(dòng)0xc000007b
2. fatal error LNK1123: 轉(zhuǎn)換到 COFF 期間失敗: 文件無(wú)效或損壞