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      短文改錯七口訣,考點方法全打盡!

       mjf0073 2016-04-14



       動詞形,名詞數(shù);

       注意形和副;

       非謂動詞細辨別;

       習(xí)慣用法要記??;

       句子成分多分析;

       邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注。




      接著,我們細細看來!


      一. 動詞形


      主要包括兩類錯誤:動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)錯誤,以及主、謂不一致的錯誤。例如:

      My favourite sport is football. I
      was member of our school football team. (is)

      Now my picture and prize
      is hanging in the library. (are)

      上述兩例分別屬于時態(tài)錯誤和主、謂不一致錯誤。找出此類錯誤的關(guān)鍵是樹立牢固的時態(tài)概念,注意短文內(nèi)容發(fā)生或存在的時間,保持時間概念的一致性。

      二. 名詞數(shù)

      指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。例如:


      …so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)


      三. 區(qū)分形和副

      區(qū)分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯的??键c。例如:

      I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)

      Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)

      需要注意的是,形容詞多用來做定、表、補語等,而副詞只能在句子中作狀語,修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語修飾time,第二句的Unfortunately作狀語修飾整個句子。

      四. 非謂動詞細辨別

      這是考查最多的錯誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動名詞類錯誤,也包括不定式類錯誤。例如:


      …in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested)

      Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … (playing)

      My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… (to)

      上述二、三例分別是動名詞作主語,和不定式作目的狀語。一般的,現(xiàn)在分詞有主動和進行的含義,而過去分詞具有被動態(tài)和完成時的含義,不定式有將來的含義。

      五. 習(xí)慣用法要記住

      主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識。這也是歷年高考的??键c,其錯誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種:多詞、少詞和搭配錯誤。例如:

      It was very kind
      for them to meet me at the railway station and… (of)

      We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of)

      六. 句子成分多分析

      不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類;不同的語景要選擇不同的詞語。這些都有待我們對句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分作細致的分析,才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e誤。例如:

      They ∧ eager to know everything about China and…(were)

      I live in Beijing,
      where is the capital of China. (which)

      第一例漏掉了謂語動詞were,這是受漢語習(xí)慣的影響而導(dǎo)致的錯誤;第二例則是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副詞,不能作主語。


      七. 邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注


      與句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,屬于邏輯性錯誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴,人名、地名、時間、方位等方面的錯誤,常是這類錯誤的考查對象。例如:

      The Smiths did
      his best to make me feel at home. (their)

      First, let me tell you something
      more about myself. (去掉more)

      … no way of setting the matter except by selling the set. Now
      someone at home reads instead. (everyone)

      上述第一例中的主語是Smiths(史密斯夫婦倆),因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的意思,才開始告訴別人,怎么能說“再告訴你一些事”?第三例講的是為了解決看電視時的爭端,“我們”把電視機賣了;晚上沒電視看了,所以與從前一樣,大家又都讀書了,所以該用 everyone。

      除了上述錯誤類型外,??嫉腻e誤形式還有:連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯誤(可以歸類為邏輯錯誤),以及冠詞的用法錯誤等。例如:


      She was smiling but nodding at me. (and)

      It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor
      and a guest. (or)

      We may be one family and live under
      a same roof.(the)


      下面是全國高考英語真題中的短文改錯題。這道題較全面地反映了本文的口訣。現(xiàn)在試著做一做,然后參閱題后的答案與解析。

         Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei

          Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows,it’s famous 

      76. _____

          Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _____

          Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _____

          the mountain,the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _____

          climbed the mountain,we saw monkeys,visiting temples 80. _____

          and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._____

          since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _____

          Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _____

          of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _____

          good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _____

          head touched the pillow.

      【答案與解析】


      76. famous前加上a.(名詞數(shù))

      77. 正確

      78. we前面加when,引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句。(句子成分多分析)

      79. them→us (邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注)

      80. visiting→visited(非謂動詞細辨別)

      81. picture→pictures(名詞數(shù))

      82. passes→passed(動詞形)

      83. 去掉down(習(xí)慣用法要記住)

      84. and→but(邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注)

      85. 去掉at(句子成分多分析 / 習(xí)慣用法要記住)


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