【私家庭院】花園中的城市住宅 | Michele McKay

Rita_M 2016-04-19

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City House in a Garden 花園中的城市住宅

PROJECT STATEMENT 項目說明

Chicago’s motto is 'Urbs in Horto.’ Fittingly, the client wanted a City House in a Garden. This juxtaposition of urban and verdant instigated a larger study in contrast: public and private, inside and outside, formal and informal, polished and raw. The result is a home of copper, ipe and concrete knit into a lush landscape. Disparate spatial and material elements are harmonized while the inherent qualities of each element are amplified through the juxtaposition.

芝加哥的座右銘是“Urbs in Horto”(city in garden)花園城市。恰巧的是,客戶想要一個花園中的城市住宅。這種關于城市環(huán)境和自然環(huán)境的共存引發(fā)了一個相對來說更大的論題：公共空間和私人空間，內部和外部，正式和非正式的,拋光的材質和原生的材質。從而形成了由銅、重蟻木和混泥土等材料共同編制而成的具有綠色景觀的家。不同的空間設計元素和物質元素和諧共處,而每個元素的內在品質通過這種共存得到了加強。

PROJECT NARRATIVE 項目敘述

Located in the dense Chicago neighborhood of Lincoln Park, the client’s new construction single-family residence was designed with two goals in mind – to create a modern house for their young family of four and to establish an integral relationship between the inside and outside spaces.

項目地位于人口密集的芝加哥林肯公園附近，客戶的新獨立家庭住宅建筑設計有兩個目標：為年輕的四口之家創(chuàng)建一所現(xiàn)代住宅、使室內外空間形成一個整體。

The clients love the city and plan to raise their family in the heart of it. At the same time, they have a strong interest in plant life and the natural world and want their children to develop this interest. Thus, the design needed to embrace both of these passions – the city and the natural world – proving that these loves are not incompatible. In fact, when juxtaposed thoughtfully, each framing the other, the city and natural world are at their best.

客戶喜愛這個城市，并計劃將提升市中心住宅的居住環(huán)境。與此同時，他們對植物的生長及自然世界擁有濃厚的興趣，并且希望培養(yǎng)孩子在這方面的這種興趣。因此，設計需要包含這兩方面的需求——對城市及自然世界的熱好，從而證明這兩種愛好并非不能共存，事實上，當仔細思考這些組成元素，會發(fā)現(xiàn)將城市元素和自然結元素結合才能達到最好的效果。

Programmatic Requirements 規(guī)劃要求

The site is 50’x125’, twice as wide as the average city lot. Yet like many urban sites, the density of the neighborhood can be a challenge when creating a private outside space. The site is surrounded by towering residences and an elementary school and parking lot are located directly to the south. On the other hand, because the school parking lot creates a 75’ gap between the school building and the residence, the site receives an enviable amount of southern exposure on the longer side of the building - an unusual asset in the city.

項目地面積為50’x125’（約570平方米），是城市平均水平的兩倍。就像城市的很多其他住宅基地一樣，在高密度的社區(qū)環(huán)境中創(chuàng)建一個私人的戶外空間將是面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)。項目地位于高層住宅中，南面與一所小學停車場直接相連。但因為小學停車場的存在，為學校建筑與住宅之間留出來 75’ （23米）的間距，使得建筑南面的長邊上獲得了令人羨慕的能創(chuàng)建私人戶外空間的場地——一個不同尋常城市資產(chǎn)。

The house covers 50% of the site, leaving 3600sf of outside space on the ground level for the clients’ programmatic requirements: a dining and entertainment space, a grilling area, and several areas for perennial gardening. A 1430sf green roof allows additional space for a desired vegetable gardening area. It also allows for views of the city skyline. Between the green roof, the ground level planting beds and gravel gardens, 53% of the total site is covered in permeable surface, reducing water run-off and mitigating the heat island effect, another programmatic goal of the landscape architect and the client.

住宅建筑面積占整個場地的一半，留下了 3600sf（約334平方米）的室外空間范圍來滿足客戶的規(guī)劃要求：一個餐飲及娛樂空間、一個燒烤區(qū)和幾個永久的園藝空間。此外，一個1430sf（約133平方米）的綠色屋頂為蔬菜種植提供了理想場地,并且為欣賞城市景觀提供了良好的視角。包括屋頂花園和地面種植區(qū)和碎石花園在內，整個場地表面的53%都被可滲透材料覆蓋，可以減小雨水徑流、減輕熱島效應，從而達到景觀設計師和客戶的另一個設計要求。

The design addressed the clients’ needs and the site’s challenges through the development of four distinct landscapes: The Entry Garden, The Garden Walk, The West Garden, and The Rooftop Garden. Each garden has a different function and a unique character. What unites them are their diverse, rich palettes and their ability to hold their own, acting as a foil to an equally rich architectural palette.

設計師通過設計四個不同的特色景觀空間來解決客戶的需要和場地條件之間的矛盾，四個場地分別為：入口庭院、花園步道、西面庭院和屋頂花園。每個花園都有各自獨特的特點和功能。在保持它們豐富的色彩及多種多樣特性的同時，將同樣豐富建筑面立面襯托得更加豐富。（能力有限，貌似翻譯還是不通順）

The Entry Garden 入口庭院

In contrast to the neighboring residences, this project is unique in its embrace of the public way. There are no fences or gates mediating one’s approach to the house. The entry garden reaches out to the parkway, featuring Boulevard lindens underplanted with perennials and wild grasses - a riot of color and wildness more typically found in a private setting. It creates a visual juxtaposition with the modern materials of the house and provides a sensory experience for all who pass by.

與相鄰住宅相比，這個項目的獨特之處在于其與公共空間之間的連接方式，當人需要到達住宅并不需要經(jīng)過圍欄或者大門。入口花園與公共道路直接相連，獨具特色的菩提樹下種植有多年生植物和野草——鮮艷的色彩和野生的環(huán)境更適合種植在私人環(huán)境中。與時尚的住宅建筑材質一起形成了一個多樣的視覺環(huán)境，為經(jīng)過的人
提供別樣感官體驗。

While there is an air of openness at the parkway, the front entry was designed in a manner reminiscent of Frank Lloyd Wright. The entry is privately tucked away behind a raised garden planted with Royal Frost birches, rhododendron, and dwarf Japanese maples. A yew hedge to the south serves as a background for the Entry Garden and screens the parking lot and school to the south. Hydrangea climbs the building wall and Boston ivy covers the entry bench.

然而這里和公共道路是直接相通的，入口的設計風格讓人想起了弗蘭克·勞埃德·賴特。住宅入口巧妙的隱藏在種植有樺樹、杜鵑花、矮的日本楓樹的被抬高的花園后。南面的紫衫樹籬作為入口花園和南面學校停車場之間的背景和屏障。繡球花爬上了建筑的墻面，爬山虎爬上了入口的座椅。

The Garden Walk 花園步道

Along the southern edge of the house, positioned between a clean wall of glass and ipe and a 6 foot concrete wall, the Garden Walk links the very public parkway and the private West Garden. What is normally a secondary space used for transition is treated as a contemplative space with a distinctive character of its own. Large, rough, granite stones are embedded in pea gravel and interplanted with wild ginger, geranium, astilbe, epimedium, ferns, and brunnera. Trumpet vine and hydrangea climb the concrete wall, elegantly contrasting with the brutalist surface
花園步道沿著建筑物的南面鋪砌，在干凈的玻璃幕墻、重蟻木和 6 英尺高（約1.8米）的混泥土墻之間，一條花園步道連接著公共道路和西面庭院。通常情況下一個次要空間通常被當做一個具有冥想功能過渡空間。步道有大的而粗糙的花崗巖鋪砌而成，其間嵌入了豌豆大小的石礫、種植有野生姜、天竺葵、astilbe、三枝九葉草（淫羊藿）、蕨類植物和 brunnera。凌霄花和繡球花爬上了混泥土墻與粗糙的混泥土墻面形成鮮明的對比。

Just south of the concrete wall, Triumph elm trees are planted in the school parking lot to create shade to the south face of the building and to mitigate solar gain in the summer. This area is bright and almost like a walking meditation garden, with the sounds of the city and the rustling of the Elms providing the sound track.

南面的混泥土墻外，種植在學校停車場的榆樹為建筑的南立面提供了隱蔽，減輕了夏季的太陽直射?；▓@步道空間光線充足，聽著城市的喧囂和榆樹的沙沙聲，就像走入了沉思園。

The West Garden 西面庭園

A Yin and Yang of walls at the edges of the property – a board formed concrete wall to the south and an ipe board fence to the west and north - allow much of the first floor to be enclosed in glass. It is as if the exterior walls of the house were moved to the property limits, and the outside space is an extension of the inside. This idea is reinforced by sliding doors and a continuous bluestone ground plane. At the same time, the walls provide a peaceful limit for the eye.

在住宅外圍有一堵實墻和一堵虛墻——南邊有為混泥土墻、西邊和北邊為重蟻木墻，這樣的設計使得建筑一層外墻為玻璃為主的設計成為了可能。這樣的玻璃墻突破了領域的限制，使得內外空間相互滲透，推拉門和連續(xù)鋪設的青石地面使這一感覺得到了加強。與此同時，這樣的墻體還起到了自然地視線過渡效果。

Nested within the walls, the West Garden features a bluestone surface for dining and entertaining. The garden is richly textured and layered with katsura, fernleaf beech, Japanese stewartia, mugo pine, quince, tiger eye sumac, perennials and ornamental grasses. The coarseness of the foliage contrasts with the orderly joint lines of the bluestone, and the crisp horizontal lines of the ipe walls.

西部庭院是由墻體所圍合出來的，以青石鋪裝為主的餐飲及娛樂空間。園內植物豐富，種植有錯落有致，種植有紫荊、紅山紫荊、歐洲盆栽山松多年生植物和觀賞草的植物。粗糙的葉子與整齊排列的青石板鋪磚及水平的重蟻木墻形成了鮮明的對比。

A low concrete seat wall is integrated into the West Garden as a sculptural and interactive element to engage the children. They use it as a balance beam, a store counter, a reading nook, and a hiding place. Because the garden requires no chemicals to maintain it, the children are limited only by their imagination.

西部花園中低矮的可坐的混泥土墻成為了吸引孩子的雕塑和互動設施。他們將它當做平衡木，一個商店的柜臺、讀書角或者是躲迷藏的藏身之處。因為這個花園不需要化學物品來維持，孩子們將只會受到其想象力的限制。

The Roof Garden

A vegetable garden and green roof are accessible from the second floor and visible from the street, again blurring the bounds of public and private, city and verdant, urban and rural. The path leading from the door to the vegetable planters is made of stepping stones embedded in gravel and interplanted with sedum and thyme, grounding this elevated space. This feeling is reinforced by the view of the intensive green roof planted with indian grass, little bluestem, side oats gramma, agastache, pale coneflower, and Summer Beauty allium, evoking native prairies endemic to the area. This rooftop oasis softens the modern fa?ade of the building while mitigating the heat island effect, adding insulation to the space below, reducing roof runoff and attracting wildlife.

菜園和綠色屋頂與二樓空間直接相連,從大街上也能看到，這一設計模糊了公共和私人、城市和自然的、城市和農村之間的界限。從屋頂花園的入口到菜園的道路是以汀步制成的，其中嵌入在礫石，種植景天屬植物和百里香,使空間更為自然。這種感覺通過密集的綠色屋頂種植：印度草,小須芒草,side oats gramma,藿香,白紫錐菊和Summer Beauty allium,喚起本地特有的草原特性。這個屋頂花園軟化現(xiàn)代建筑立面，緩解熱島效應,隔絕與樓下空間的聯(lián)系,減少屋頂徑流和吸引野生動物。

Each area - The Entry Garden, The Garden Walk, The West Garden, and The Rooftop Garden - has its own purpose and character. Yet they share a common purpose of providing a diverse, lively frame through which the family experiences their modern home. The family actively engages in the care of the gardens, enjoying the sensory experience it provides, the birds and butterflies the gardens attract, and the privacy it affords them - right in the heart of the city they love.