另外他們也根據(jù)分析結(jié)果細(xì)化了厭氧氨氧化顆粒污泥的反應(yīng)機(jī)理(上圖)。值得一提的是，在他們的模型里，NOB(nitrite oxidizing bacteria)并不是扮演“惡棍”或者“壞蛋”的角色，它們未必會導(dǎo)致硝態(tài)氮的過量，相反這些生成的硝態(tài)氮可以充當(dāng)電子受體來協(xié)助有機(jī)質(zhì)的分解，或者在顆粒內(nèi)核里氧化氫氣等還原產(chǎn)物。

那什么是微生物“暗物質(zhì)”(Microbial dark matter)?

簡單點(diǎn)說就是那些過去還沒在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中進(jìn)行過培養(yǎng)或測序的微生物。實(shí)際上傳統(tǒng)的微生物學(xué)研究的不過是微生物生命之樹的冰山一角而已。在很多情況中，大部分微生物都不能用傳統(tǒng)方法來培養(yǎng)。科學(xué)的進(jìn)步使科學(xué)家可利用單細(xì)胞測序，讓來自單個(gè)細(xì)胞的DNA陡增十億倍，再破譯其基因組，進(jìn)而為研究這些微生物界的“暗物質(zhì)”提供信息。這些技術(shù)也將大大加深大家對污水處理的認(rèn)識。

科學(xué)界迄今為止發(fā)現(xiàn)了 9 個(gè)厭氧氨氧化菌種，分別歸在 5 個(gè)屬中，并建立了厭氧氨氧化菌科（Anammoxaceae）。其中一種由韓國的團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，叫“Candidatus Jettenia asiatica”，正是以Mike的姓來命名的。Mike在這圈的地位也可見一斑。

最后再分享一個(gè)他接受歐盟科研創(chuàng)新基金項(xiàng)目的宣傳片的采訪視頻：

看完視頻，小編有個(gè)假想：把奧尼卡的FCR工藝和主流厭氧氨氧化工藝兩者結(jié)合，會不會是城市污水處理的又一新方向？這可不是說笑，說不準(zhǔn)哪天就成真了？

1. https://zh./wiki/厭氧氨氧化菌
2. Genome-based microbial ecology of anammox granules in a full-scale wastewater treatment system. Daan R. Speth, Michiel H. in ’t Zandt, Simon Guerrero-Cruz, Bas E. Dutilh & Mike S.M. Jetten. Nature Communications 31 March 2016. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11172
3. http://www./english/news-agenda/vm/nature-environment/2016/new-bacteria-from-anammox-wastewater-treatment/
4. http://www./artikelen/nieuwe-soorten-in-patatwater/?platform=hootsuite
5. http://de./news/news/mike-jetten-awarded-with-spinoza-prize-for-discovery-of-anammox-bacteria!/9
   

注：上周“學(xué)術(shù)星期四”推薦了本新書《污水處理的實(shí)驗(yàn)方法(Experimental Methods in Wastewater Treatment)》后，收到了很多讀者詢問如何下載到其英文版的電子書。上周IWA國際水協(xié)通過其微信公眾號告知大家“本書印刷版將于2016年5月15日正式推出，請您屆時(shí)訪問IWA出版社網(wǎng)站www. 購買正版”。但想迫不及待獲取此書的朋友，可以通過以下官方網(wǎng)址進(jìn)行下載：

http://www./books/9781780404745/experimental-methods-wastewater-treatment

【  來源：奧尼卡水處理創(chuàng)新部落】

【顛覆性技術(shù)重大工程應(yīng)用進(jìn)展】荷蘭在Utrecht市開始建設(shè)規(guī)模達(dá)6.4萬m3/d的好氧顆粒污泥污水廠！

原創(chuàng) 2016-04-22 劉智曉整理 水進(jìn)展

 Dutch constructors Heijmans and GMB have been contracted by water board De Stichtse Rijnlanden to build a new municipal waste water treatment plant in Utrecht.

The project comprises the design, construction and 10-year maintenance of the plant. The DBM-contract (design, build, maintenance) is valued at over 120 million euro.

With an average capacity of 430.000 population equivalent and 64.400 m3/day it will be the largest Nereda plant in the Netherlands.

這座采用好氧顆粒污泥技術(shù)的污水廠，規(guī)模為430000人口當(dāng)量，64400m3/day的處理規(guī)模，是，目前荷蘭最大的好氧顆粒污泥項(xiàng)目。大規(guī)模的好氧顆粒污泥技術(shù)應(yīng)用推進(jìn)標(biāo)志著的該技術(shù)的日趨成熟。

The installation will be designed to handle a peak flow of 13.200 m3 per hour.

與采用活性污泥工藝相比好氧顆粒污泥可以減少空間需求（灰色區(qū)域建設(shè)的平面占地）

采用Nereda技術(shù)省掉灰色區(qū)域及沉淀池.

Stringent effluent criteria
Heijmans-GMB were awarded the contract by De Stichtse Rijnlanden on the basis of its choice for a compact plant that makes use of Nereda technology to purify the municipal waste water, meeting stringent effluent requirement.

Two important effluent parameters are for nitrogen (Ntotal: 5 mg/l) and phosphate (Ptotal: 0,5 mg/l).

采用該技術(shù)，出水TN可以達(dá)到5mg/L, TP可以達(dá)到0.5mg/L。

Ten-year maintenance
Construction work to rebuild the current obsolete wwtp (on top photo) that was built in 1959, will commence in 2017. Project completion is scheduled for the beginning of 2019, after which the 10-year maintenance period will commence.

The new wwtp will remove twice as much nitrogen and phosphate from the water, and is 30 per cent more energy efficient compared to the current plant.

The existing plant will be removed from service once the new plant has been commissioned.

Big step scaling up Nereda technology
For supplier Royal HaskoningDHV it will be an important new step in scaling up its Nereda technology. The biggest Nereda-plant in the Netherlands at this moment is wwtp Gamerswolde with an average daily flow of 30.000 m3 and a calculated capacity of 140.000 p.e.

In the Netherlands nine Nereda-plants are currently operational of which four are municipal and five industrial.

荷蘭目前有9座好氧顆粒污泥廠，其中4座市政污水廠，5座工業(yè)廢水處理項(xiàng)目。

Under design in Brasil is even a larger Nereda plant. Next year the Nereda installation at wwtp Jaboatao, Recifi will be commissioned and will have a daily average flow of 109.683 m3 and 858.333 p.e.

目前正在巴西設(shè)計(jì)建設(shè)的采用Nereda技術(shù)的污水廠規(guī)模8.6萬m3/d，但是明年建設(shè)的Jaboatao污水廠規(guī)模將達(dá)到10.9萬噸/d，將會刷新這一紀(jì)錄！

This news item is based on an original publication at the websites of GMB (in Dutch only) and Heijmans.

附件資料： 巴西Deodoro污水廠

Brazil - Deodoro, Rio de Janeiro

Facts & Figures

About the Rio de Janeiro - Deodoro WWTP

In 2016 the Rio de Janeiro, Deodoro wastewater treatment plant based on Nereda technology will be opened. This plant will be the largest Nereda to become operational so far.

Image: the Nereda wastewater treatment plant under construction

Image: Artist impression of the Nereda wastewater plant in Deodoro, Rio de Janeiro