一個句子的支架就是句中的謂語動詞。根據(jù)英語中五種基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)，把句子中的主語、賓語、表語等主要成分找出來，其他成分如定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語等則一目了然，易于理解。

1. One tiny 9 inch-plant bought for $ 1.25 in the spring, has already taken over much of my rose bed, covering much of other plants, and is well on its way to the front door.

解析：句子主干部分為one tiny 9-inch plant has already taken over much of my rose bed and…。bought短語、covering短語分別作定語和狀語。

句意：一個在春天時花$1．25買的九英寸植物已經(jīng)接管了我的玫瑰苗圃，覆蓋了我的其他植物，正在向前門發(fā)展。

2. Lewis found that in families with three or four children, dinner conversation is likely to center on the oldest child, who has the most to talk about, and the youngest, who needs the most attention.

解析：句子主干部分為Lewis found that…，在that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，含有兩個who引導(dǎo)的定語從句。修飾 the oldest child和the youngest。

句意：萊溫斯發(fā)現(xiàn)在有三、四個孩子的家庭里，晚餐的談話焦點(diǎn)往往是年齡最大和最小的孩子。最大的總是有許多的東西要說，而最小的則需要最多的關(guān)照。

3. Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented (發(fā)酵) would kill off the yeast (酵母) that was left in the wine, with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer.

解析：第一個that引出賓語從句，第二個that引出定語從句。第三個that引出同位語從句。

句意：Pasteur發(fā)現(xiàn) (賓語從句) 在酒發(fā)酵之后，再加溫幾分鐘，能殺死殘留在酒中的酵母(定語從句)，其結(jié)果能使酒的保鮮時間更長(同位語從句)。

4. What Winter knows of the 19-year-old boy who saved his life is only that he died in a car accident and that his family was willing to honor his wishes and donate his organs for transplantation．

解析：在這個句子中，what引出主語從句。who引出定語從句，is后用that引出兩個并列表語從句。

句意：關(guān)于那個救了他的命的19歲的人 (定語從句) Winter知道的僅僅是，(主語從句) 他死于一場車禍(表語從句1)，他的家人尊重他的意愿把他的器官捐獻(xiàn)出來，用于移植(表語從句2)。

5. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem (原理) had baffled (難住) and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique (伊科爾理工學(xué)院).

解析：句子主干部分為the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，過去分詞短語put forward by…作狀語，現(xiàn)在分詞短語including…作定語，短語中含有兩個由who引導(dǎo)的定語從句。

句意：這個定理先是由十七世紀(jì)法國數(shù)學(xué)家皮爾法特提出，曾使一批杰出的數(shù)學(xué)大師為難，其中包括一位法國女科學(xué)家，她在解決這個難題方面取得了重大的進(jìn)展，她為了能夠在伊科爾理工學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)曾女扮男裝。

6. Their study found that theobromine (可可堿), found in cocoa (可可粉), was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine (可待因(采自鴉片的鎮(zhèn)痛止咳劑)),which was considered the best cough medicine at present.

The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment; “while coughing is not necessarily harmful, it can have a major effect on the quality of life and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem,” said Professor Peter Barnes.

簡析：第一個句子中有一個賓語從句，賓語從句中有一過去分詞短語found in cocoa作定語，還有一個非限制性定語從句；第二個句子中有一個who引導(dǎo)的定語從句和while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。

句意：目前，可卡因是最佳的止咳藥物，可是他們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在可可粉中包含的可可堿，其療效又比可卡因幾乎高三分之一。

在因特網(wǎng)上公布了他們的研究成果的倫敦皇家大學(xué)的研究員們說道：這種發(fā)現(xiàn)可能有助于找到更有效的治咳方式。彼得·巴恩斯教授說道：“這種發(fā)現(xiàn)可能在治咳史上向前邁了一大步”。

實例：53. According to Professor Barnes, theobromine ______.

A. cannot be as effective as codeine

B. can be harmful to people's health

C. cannot be separated from chocolate

D. can be a more effective cure for coughs

【答案】D。

【高考考點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【試題解析】從第一句的Their study found that the obromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present. 可看出the obromine比codeine更有效，判斷A項錯誤。既然它用來止咳，改善人們的生活質(zhì)量，所以B項錯誤。在第一段提到了theobromine是從chocolate里提煉出來的，所以C項錯誤。故正確答案是D項。

7. Much of the energy that comes from the Sun never reaches the Earth's surface. It is either reflected or absorbed by the gases in the upper atmosphere. Of the energy that reaches the lower atmosphere, 30% is reflected by clouds or the Earth's surface. The remaining 70% warms the surface of the planet.

簡析：句子中含有兩個定語從句，這是解題的關(guān)鍵。 either . . . or連結(jié)的是并列結(jié)構(gòu)。

句意：來自太陽的大部分能量都不會到達(dá)地球的表面，這種能量或者被上層大氣中的氣體反射或吸收。在到達(dá)低層大氣的能量中，有30%的能量被云層或地球的表面所反射，剩下的70%使地球的表面溫暖。

60. Only a small part of the Sun's energy reaches the Earth's surface because most of it is______.

A. absorbed by the clouds in the lower atmosphere

B. reflected by the gases in the upper atmosphere

C. lost in the upper and lower atmosphere

D. used to evaporate water from the oceans and lakes

答案：C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。據(jù) “Much of the energy…is either reflected or absorbed by the gases in the upper atmosphere. Of the energy that reaches the lower atmosphere, 30% is reflected by clouds or the Earth’s surface.”可以得出答案。

8. The response to her request for help was so huge that Poe established Kids For A Cleaner Environment (Kids F. A. C. E.) in 1989. There are now 300,000 members of Kids FACE worldwide and is the world's largest youth environmental organization.

簡析：第一句中夾雜有一個結(jié)果狀語從句，又有復(fù)雜主語。主語的中心語為The response，其后的to her request for help為后置定語，第二句是由and并列的兩個簡單句，其中第二句中承前省略了主語kids FACE。

句意：人們對她請求幫助的反應(yīng)如此強(qiáng)烈以至于波建立了一個為了更潔凈環(huán)境的孩子的組織。現(xiàn)在這個組織在全世界有300，000名成員，并且它是世界上最大的青少年環(huán)保組織。

實例：72. Kids F. A. C. E is______.

A. a program to help students with writing

B. a project of litter recycling

C. a campaign launched by President Bush

D. a club of environmental protection

73. What can we learn about Poe?

A. She was awarded a prize in Brazil.

B. She donated billboard across the country.

C. She got positive responses for her efforts

D. She joined the National Park Service.

答案為D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。選項A、B、C均屬于內(nèi)容錯誤。

答案為C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段The response to her request for help was so huge that…一句可知。

9. One of the reasons that made it cool for him not to care was the power of his peer (同齡人) group .

簡析：夾雜定語從句和形式賓語結(jié)構(gòu)。

句意：對他來說，不關(guān)心自己的學(xué)習(xí)是一種酷的標(biāo)志的原因之一是受到他的同齡人的影響。

實例：64. Why did Tom give up studying?

A. He disliked his teachers.

B. His parents no longer supported him.

C. It's cool for boys of his age not to care about studies.

D. There were too many subjects in his secondary school.

答案為C。

10. The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people's lives. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away, or just buying an unsuitable item (商品) that is not really wanted.

簡析：句子中夾雜著固定短語，v-ing式作主語，復(fù)雜主語，v-ing式作結(jié)果狀語以及定語從句。

譯文：無窮盡的選擇給人們的生活帶來了無盡的煩惱。買像咖啡壺這樣最基本的東西也不是那么簡單了。對許多人而言，面對觸手可及的一系列的日常用品卻感到眼花瞭亂、不知所措，結(jié)果是購物者只好放棄選擇、匆匆而去，或者僅僅買了一件并非真正需要的不合適的商品。

64. Why do more choices of goods give rise to anxiety?

A. Professionals find it hard to decide on a suitable product.

B. People are likely to find themselves overcome by business persuasion.

C. Shoppers may find themselves lost in the broad range of items.

D. Companies and advertisers are often misleading about the range of choice

答案：C。

解析：文中提到endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people's lives；具體來講：一個是easy access to a wide range of everyday goods表示目前選擇范圍之廣、之易，二是ending in the shopper giving up and walking away, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted表示人們因為太多的選擇反而不知道應(yīng)該買什么或者最終買了一些其實不需要的東西。

11. As the only girl in a family of seven children, she often felt like she had “seven fathers,” because her six brothers, as well as her father, tried to control her. Feeling shy and unimportant, she retreated (躲避) into books. Despite her love of reading, she did not do well in elementary school because she was too shy to participate.

簡析：第一句主干結(jié)構(gòu)為she felt like . . . because . . . ，句首內(nèi)容為狀語，because從句中有一個插入成份。第二句中v-ing作狀語表原因。第三句主干結(jié)構(gòu)為：she didn't… because…。

句意：作為家庭七個孩子中唯一的女孩，她常常有一種感覺，就是她擁有'七個父親'，原因是她的六個兄弟和她的父親都想控制她。由于羞怯和覺得無地位的緣故，她總是埋頭苦讀。盡管她酷愛讀書，可是在小學(xué)她的成績不佳，因為她太害羞而不能積極地參與。