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      英語里逗號的用法,這里最全,趕緊收了吧!

       新概念英語教學 2020-11-17

      說到標點符號的用法,估計很多人當年或者正在學習英語時,都會很有感觸,而且大多人的感觸基本是:

      1、老師基本沒有系統(tǒng)教過,所以就是想著怎么用就怎么用了;

      2、想學習標點符號的用法,但一直找不到適合的學習材料。

      如果是這樣,那就請大家跟著我一起來重新學習標點符號的用法吧。

      英語中的標點符號很多,用法也繁簡不一,今天就先從用法最為繁雜的逗號學起吧。

      說起逗號的用法,其功能之強大,小編我是深有體會的,因為當年我的碩士畢業(yè)論文就是有關英漢語逗號的比較研究的,有興趣的朋友可以到中國知網(wǎng)上查閱一下:http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10269-2004087335.htm。

      記得當年答辯的時候,前后不到15分鐘,考官們就讓我出來了;一開始還擔心得要死,以為要被“槍斃”了,后來我的導師告訴我,因為我的主題考官們都沒怎么做過研究,問不出什么問題,所以就象征性地問了幾個數(shù)據(jù)問題,就直接讓我過了,哈哈!

      好了,言歸正傳!接下來我就跟大家分享一下英語里逗號的基本用法。我們先來看看《新概念英語》第一冊第137課的課文:

      不知大家有沒有注意到,課文中所有if條件句開頭的句子中,if條件句都沒有用逗號隔開。這在英語里實際上是一種錯誤,是有關逗號的用法錯誤。此外,課文中的最后一句話中的It's a pleasant dream后面也應該用逗號。

      為什么?

      請從下面的逗號用法規(guī)則中查找答案:

      (一)單詞和短語間

      1、當有三個或三個以上并列的單詞或短語時,這些單詞或短語要用逗號隔開,而且最后一個單詞或短語一般都會用and或or連接,如:

      My estate goes to my husband, son, daughter-in-law, and nephew.

      需要注意的是,這組并列的單詞或短語的最后兩個單詞或短語,一般要用逗號隔開,這個逗號被稱作牛津逗號(Oxford comma)。大部分報紙或雜志會省略這個逗號,但有的時候會因此引起歧義,如:

      We had coffee, cheese and crackers and grapes.

      句中的cheese and crackers其實指的是一道菜,所以最好在crackers后面加上逗號,即:

      We had coffee, cheese and crackers, and grapes.

      2、當兩個前置形容詞并列且可以調(diào)換順序時,要用逗號隔開,如:

      He is a strong, healthy man. vs. He is a healthy, strong man.

      如果兩個形容詞的位置是不可調(diào)換的,則不能用逗號,如:

      We stayed at an expensive summer resort.

      我們不能說:We stayed at a summer expensive resort.

      所以,也不能用逗號隔開兩個形容詞。

      (二)句子之間

      1、逗號粘連錯誤(Comma Splice),指的是有的作者會用逗號隔開兩個獨立的句子,如:

      He walked all the way home, he shut the door.

      這在英語里是不允許的,應該通過改變標點符號或是增加連接詞改為:

      • He walked all the way home. He shut the door.

      • After he walked all the way home, he shut the door.

      • He walked all the way home, and he shut the door.

      2、兩個獨立的句子如果用and, but, 或者or等詞連接起來時,一般要在前一句話的末尾插入逗號,如:

      He walked all the way home, and he shut the door.

      注意:如果兩個獨立的句子都很短的時候,很多作者都不加逗號,如:

      I paint and he writes.

      3、如果前后兩個句子的主語是一樣的,則無需在前一個句子末尾插入逗號,如:

      He thought quickly but still did not answer correctly.

      注意:這種情況也有例外,需要加上逗號,以避免產(chǎn)生歧義,如:

      【有歧義】I saw that she was busy and prepared to leave.

      【無歧義】I saw that she was busy, and prepared to leave.

      (三)句首開頭

      1、如果是以從句開頭,則要在從句末尾用逗號隔開,如:

      If you are not sure about this, let me know now.

      2、如果開頭的是介紹性短語,一般也要用逗號隔開,如:

      Having finally arrived in town, we went shopping.

      注意:如果這個介紹性短語只有三四個單詞而且意思很明確,則無需用逗號隔開,如:

      When in town we go shopping.

      但是,如果會因此引起歧義,則需加上逗號,如:

      Last Sunday, evening classes were canceled.

      如果不加逗號,讀者可能就會以為句子的主語是:last Sunday evening classes,而不是evening classes了。

      3、如果介紹性短語是以介詞開頭引導的,則無論這個短語包含多少個單詞,都無需用逗號隔開,如:

      Into the sparkling crystal ball he gazed.

      注意:如果開頭的引導詞有兩個介詞,則要看情況來決定是否要用逗號:

      (1)介詞后面如果緊跟動詞謂語,則不用逗號,如:

      Between your house on Main Street and my house on Grand Avenue is the mayor's mansion.

      (2)介詞后面如果跟的是句子的主語,則要用逗號,如:

      Between your house on Main Street and my house on Grand Avenue, the mayor's mansion stands proudly.

      4、如果句子開頭時主句,后面緊跟從句,則主句末尾無需使用逗號,如:

      Let me know now if you are not sure about this.

      (四)次要成分

      1、同位語,如:

      My best friend, Joe, arrived.

      The three items, a book, a pen, and paper, were on the table.

      2、非限定性定語從句,如:

      Jill, who is my sister, shut the door.

      3、分詞短語,如:

      The man, knowing it was late, hurried home.

      (五)其他用法

      1、用在well, yes, why, hello, hey等呼語后面,如:

      Why, I can't believe this!

      No, you can't have a dollar.

      2、用于隔開nevertheless, after all, by the way, on the other hand, however等插入語,如:

      I am, by the way, very nervous about this.

      3、用于隔開人名、外號、昵稱或者頭銜,如:

      Will you, Aisha, do that assignment for me?

      Yes, old friend, I will.

      Good day, Captain.

      4、用于隔開年月日,如:

      It was in the Sun's June 5, 2003, edition.

      注意:如果只有年和月,則無需用逗號,如:

      It was in a June 2003 article.

      5、用于隔開不同級別的行政區(qū)域,如:

      I'm from the Akron, Ohio, area.

      6、如果人名后跟有頭銜或?qū)W歷,則一般要在姓氏后面加上逗號,如:

      Al Mooney, Sr., is here.

      Al Mooney, M.D., is here.

      7、在直接引語的說話者或提問者的動詞后面要加上逗號,如:

      He said, "I don't care."

      "Why," I asked, "don't you care?"

      注意:

      1)如果直接引語只有一個單詞,則不用逗號,如:

      He said "Stop."

      2)如果直接引語在說話者之前,且是陳述句,直接引語的句末要用逗號,如:

      "I don't care," he said.

      "Stop," he said.

      3)如果只是轉(zhuǎn)引某人的話,則不用逗號,如:

      Is "I don't care" all you can say to me?

      Saying "Stop the car" was a mistake.

      8、用于隔開反意疑問句,如:

      I can go, can't I?

      9、用于隔開前后兩個形成鮮明對照的成分,如:

      That is my money, not yours.

      10、用于隔開namely, that is, i.e., e.g., and for instance等表示舉例說明的引導性短語,如:

      You may be required to bring many items, e.g., sleeping bags, pans, and warm clothing.

      11、用于隔開etc.,而且前后都要用逗號隔開,如:

      Sleeping bags, pans, warm clothing, etc., are in the tent.

      ****************************************************

      如果您認為本文對你有幫助,歡迎并感謝大家多多轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)分享本文!

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