The Ice Bucket Challenge that went viral in 2014 has funded an important scientific gene discovery in the progressive neurodegenerative disease ALS, the ALS Association says.
美國(guó)漸凍癥協(xié)會(huì)表示，2014年風(fēng)行的冰桶挑戰(zhàn)募集了大量資金，已經(jīng)幫助科學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了與漸凍癥相關(guān)的重要基因。漸凍癥是漸進(jìn)性神經(jīng)退行性疾病，學(xué)名為肌萎縮側(cè)索硬化癥（ALS）。

Scientists have identified a new gene contributing to the disease, NEK1.
科學(xué)家已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種導(dǎo)致該病癥的新基因NEK1。

The Ice Bucket Challenge has raised $115m from people pouring cold water over themselves and posting the video on social media.
冰桶挑戰(zhàn)共募集了1.15億美元，參與挑戰(zhàn)的人們將冰水潑到自己身上，并在社交媒體發(fā)布視頻。

It was criticised as a stunt, but has funded six research projects.
該活動(dòng)曾被批為噱頭，但所獲捐款資助了六個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目。

More than 80 researchers in 11 countries searched for ALS risk genes in families affected by the disease.
11個(gè)國(guó)家的80多位研究員在受病癥影響的家族中尋找漸凍癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)基因。

'The sophisticated gene analysis that led to this finding was only possible because of the large number of ALS samples available,' Lucie Bruijn of the ALS Association says.
美國(guó)漸凍癥協(xié)會(huì)的科學(xué)家露西·布魯因說(shuō)：“因?yàn)橛写罅靠晒┭芯康臐u凍癥病例，才使復(fù)雜的基因分析得以實(shí)現(xiàn)，也才有了今天的成果。”

The identification of gene NEK1 means scientists can now develop a gene therapy treating it.
NEK1基因的發(fā)現(xiàn)意味著科學(xué)家們從此可以開(kāi)發(fā)治療該病癥的基因療法。

Although only 10% of ALS patients have the inherited form, researchers believe that genetics contribute to a much larger percentage of cases.
盡管只有10%的漸凍癥患者攜帶該遺傳基因，研究者們認(rèn)為有更高比例的病例與遺傳相關(guān)。

Social media was awash with videos of people pouring cold water over their heads to raise money for ALS in the summer of 2014.
2014年夏天，人們往頭上澆冰水為漸凍癥募捐的視頻席卷了社交媒體。

More than 17 million people uploaded videos to Facebook, including many celebrities who rose to the challenge, which were then watched by 440 million people worldwide.
超過(guò)1700萬(wàn)人在臉書(shū)上傳了視頻，其中包括許多接受了挑戰(zhàn)的名人。全世界有4.4億人觀看了相關(guān)視頻。

冰桶挑戰(zhàn)

ALS冰桶挑戰(zhàn)賽（ALS Ice Bucket Challenge）簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)冰桶挑戰(zhàn)賽或冰桶挑戰(zhàn)，要求參與者在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上發(fā)布自己被冰水澆遍全身的視頻內(nèi)容，然后該參與者便可以要求其他人來(lái)參與這一活動(dòng)。

活動(dòng)規(guī)定，被邀請(qǐng)者要么在24小時(shí)內(nèi)接受挑戰(zhàn)，要么就選擇為對(duì)抗“肌肉萎縮性側(cè)索硬化癥”捐出100美元。該活動(dòng)旨在是讓更多人知道被稱(chēng)為漸凍人的罕見(jiàn)疾病，同時(shí)也達(dá)到募款幫助治療的目的。

僅在美國(guó)就有170萬(wàn)人參與挑戰(zhàn)，250萬(wàn)人捐款，總金額達(dá)1.15億美元，這可能是為某種疾病或緊急情況捐助最多的款項(xiàng)。

TFBOYS組合接受章子怡挑戰(zhàn)，翻牌@何炅、謝娜、尚格云頓

接受雷軍挑戰(zhàn)的劉德華，點(diǎn)名@鋼琴家朗朗、殘奧冠軍蘇樺偉、周杰倫

接受雷軍挑戰(zhàn)的李彥宏，點(diǎn)名@俞敏洪、潘石屹、田亮

What is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neurone disease (MND)?
肌萎縮側(cè)索硬化癥（ALS），或稱(chēng)運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)元疾病（MND）小知識(shí)

fatal, rapidly progressive disease that affects the brain and spinal cord
病情發(fā)展快速的致命疾病，影響大腦和脊髓

attacks nerves that control movement so muscles refuse to work (sensory nerves are not usually affected)
攻擊運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)，導(dǎo)致肌肉無(wú)法工作（感覺(jué)神經(jīng)通常不受影響）

can leave people locked in a failing body, unable to move, talk and eventually, breathe
患者受困于衰弱的軀體，不能移動(dòng)，不能講話，最終無(wú)法呼吸

affects people from all communities
所有人群都可能患病

scientist Stephen Hawking is best-known person with the disease
科學(xué)家史蒂芬·霍金是最有名的漸凍癥患者

kills around a third of people within a year of diagnosis and more than half within two years
確診后一年，約有三分之一死亡病例，兩年內(nèi)死亡數(shù)過(guò)半