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Hardly和Scarcely的基本用法 一、“hardly和scarcely（幾乎不）”表示的半否定式： 1. I hardly (或scarcely) saw anything.我?guī)缀跏裁匆矝]看見。 2. It is hardly (或scarcely) right.這幾乎是不對的。 3. We could hardly (或scarcely) understand it.我們幾乎不可能了解這件事。 4. Hardly (或Scarcely) anybody believes that.幾乎沒有人相信這件事。（或：幾乎誰都不相信這件事。） 二、“hardly (或scarcely)…when（或before）…”作“剛……就……”解，注意hardly和scarcely位于句首時，有主、謂語顛倒現(xiàn)象： 1. Hardly had I reached the station when (或before)the train started.我剛到車站，火車就開了。 2. Scarcely had he opened the door when(或before) a gust of wind blew the candle out.他剛開門，一陣風就把蠟燭吹滅了。 使用本句型結(jié)構(gòu)時必須注意下列三點： （1）scarcely或hardly所在的主句內(nèi)，謂語動作發(fā)生在when或before從句內(nèi)的謂語動詞之前，因此主句用過去完成時，從句用過去時。 （2）若hardly或scarcely位于句首，則后面主語和助動詞詞序要顛倒。 （3）不能用than代替句中的when，若非要用than，則必須改用“no sooner…than…”句型。下列幾種表示式的句意相同： a）He had scarcely (或hardly) seen the letter when (或before) he started back home.他一見到信就動身回家了。 b）Scarcely (或hardly) had he seen the letter when（或before）he started back home.（譯文同上） c）He had no sooner seen the letter than he started back home. （譯文同上） d）No sooner had he seen the letter than he started back home. （譯文同上） e）He started back home as soon as he saw the letter.(=As soon as he saw the letter, he stated back home.) （譯文同上） 注：用as soon as …時，主句和從句的時態(tài)通常一致，但從句不用將來時，因它是時間從句。 hardly 主要與any，ever，at all或動詞can連用： He has hadly any money. 他幾乎沒有錢。(非常少) I hardly ever go out. 我很少外出。(我極少外出。) It hardly rained at all last summer. 去年夏天沒怎么下雨。 Her case is so heavy that she can hadly lift it. 她的箱子太重了，她簡直提不起來。 也可以和其他動詞連用： I hardly know him. 我不太認識他。(我只是與他認識而已。) scarcely意為“幾乎不”，它可以代替hardly。上述例句中也可用scarcely any/scarcely ever等，但scarcely主要意為“不到”、“不足”： There were scarcely twenty people there. 那兒連20個人都沒有。 barely意為“不超過”、“僅僅”： There were barely twenty people there. 那兒不超過20個人。(剛剛20個) I can barely see it. 我勉強看得見它。(我只能看見而已。) |
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