|
不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞叫不定代詞。不定代詞不僅具有名詞和形容詞的特征，而且還有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)之分。不定代詞是英語中最重要的一類代詞，它不僅數(shù)量多、用法復(fù)雜，而且也是英語考試中的一個(gè)重要的考點(diǎn)。 不定代詞主要有：
復(fù)合不定代詞有：
【說明】somebody與someone同義，均表示“某人”；anyone與anybody同義，均表示“任何人”；everyone與everybody同義，均表示“每人”。 一、與“沒有，都不”有關(guān)的不定代詞：none, no one, no, neither 1. none和no one都表示“三者或三者以上沒有一個(gè)”。
________ (None / No one) of them passed the exam. (作主語) I’ve read ________ (none / no one) of the books. (作賓語) ________ (None / No one) in our class likes listening to that story. No one knows the answer ________ (of / to) the question. —How many people are there in the room? —____________ (一個(gè)也沒有). —Who went there yesterday? —____________ (沒有人). 2. no是形容詞性不定代詞，只能作定語修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于“not a / an + n.”或“not any + n.”。 例如： I have no money. = I do not have ________ money. There is no bird in the tree. = There is not ________ bird in the tree. 3. neither表示“兩個(gè)之中任何一個(gè)都不”，可作主語，賓語和定語。neither作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞往往用單數(shù)形式。例如： They __________ (邀請(qǐng)) Mary and Ann, but neither of them came to the party. (作主語) The bus can stop on neither ________ (邊) of the road. (作定語) 二、與“一個(gè)”有關(guān)的不定代詞：it, one, that, either, any it意為“它”，指代上文提到過的同一個(gè)單數(shù)名詞。 one意為“一個(gè)”，指代上文提到過的單數(shù)名詞中的同類名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為ones。 兩者進(jìn)行比較，為了避免重復(fù)，that用來替代上文中的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)(相當(dāng)于the one)或不可數(shù)名詞；those用來替代上文中的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 either表示“兩個(gè)中的任意一個(gè)”。any用于肯定句時(shí)，表示“多個(gè)中的任何一個(gè)”。例如： This is my cat. Do you like ________? 這是我的貓。喜歡它嗎？ This book is much more interesting than that ________. 這本書比那一本有趣得多。 The book you borrowed is the same as ________ I bought. 你借的書和我買的一樣。 They’re both good. You can take ________ of them. 這兩個(gè)都不錯(cuò)。你可以買任一個(gè)。 The apples on the table are bigger than ________ on the floor. 桌子上的蘋果比地上的大。 The weather in Hubei is warmer than ________ in Shaanxi. 湖北的天氣比陜西的更溫暖。 He doesn’t want the small apples; he wants the big ________. 他不想要這些小蘋果；他想要那些大的。 I have many interesting books. You can borrow ________ if you like. 我有許多有趣的書。你可以借任一本。 三、與“每一個(gè)”有關(guān)的不定代詞：every, each every的意思是“每一個(gè)”、“一切”，它只具有形容詞的性質(zhì)，在句中只能作定語。它用于修飾可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，所描述的對(duì)象是兩個(gè)以上(兩個(gè)用each)。 each的意思是“每一個(gè)”，具有名詞和形容詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可作主語、賓語、定語和同位語等，可以指人也可以指物，描述對(duì)象為兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上。作定語時(shí)，修飾可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。與every相比，each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)別性，every著重整體性。此外，each可以和of連用，而every則不能直接接of，但each of… = every one of…。 each 可用于兩者、三者或三者以上，而 every 只用于三者或三者以上，因此用于兩者時(shí)只能用 each，不能用 every。如不能說 There are trees on every side of the road. 例如： Both of my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是醫(yī)生。(作主語) They ________ have a dictionary. 他們每人都有一本詞典。(作同位語) He gave us two apples ________. 他給我們每人兩個(gè)蘋果。(作同位語) The teacher gave one book to ________ of the students. 老師給了每個(gè)學(xué)生一本書。(作賓語) ________ child can receive a present today. 每個(gè)孩子今天都可以收到一份禮物。(作定語) 四、與“都，所有”有關(guān)的不定代詞：both, all both指兩個(gè)人或物，而all指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物；兩者都可作主語、定語、賓語、表語和同位語。例如： ________ of the girls in our class are good at English. 我們班所有女生都擅長英語。(作主語) Father will take ________ of the children to the park. 爸爸將要帶兩個(gè)孩子去公園。(作賓語) They ________ like their new teacher. 他們都喜歡他們的新老師。(作同位語) 【注意】all可與單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞連用，both只能和復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用。例如： The old man has lived here ________ his life. 老人已經(jīng)在這里住了一輩子了。 She has spent ________ the money on the books. 她已經(jīng)把她所有的錢都花在書上了。 六、與“一些”有關(guān)的不定代詞：some, any some和any是表示不定數(shù)量的代詞，意為“一些”，都具有名詞和形容詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可作主語、賓語和定語。作定語時(shí)，所修飾的是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。兩者具體解析如下： 1. 一般情況下，some用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑問句以及由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中。 2. some有時(shí)可以用來修飾可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)，表示“某一個(gè)”。 3. some有時(shí)可用于疑問句，表示征求(對(duì)方的)意見，希望得到對(duì)方的肯定回答，多用于提建議的句型如Would you like…，Why not…，What / How about…等句型中。 4. any也可用于肯定句中，表示“任何一個(gè)”，其后接可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)。any other用于肯定句中，表示“其余的任何一個(gè)”，其后接可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)。例如： If you have no paper, I’ll give you ________. 如果你沒有紙，我給你一些。(作賓語) If you have ________, give me ________. 如有你有，就給我們一些。(作賓語) He asked me ________ questions. 他問了我?guī)讉€(gè)問題。(作定語) Are there ________ students in the classroom? 教室里有學(xué)生嗎？(作定語) ________ of us are going by bike. 我們中有些人騎車去。(作主語) Is there ________ left? 還有沒有剩下的？(作主語) Why not buy ________ flowers for her? 為什么不給她買一些花兒呢？ ________ person is waiting for you at the gate. 有一個(gè)人在門外等你。 Take ________ book if you like. 你喜歡哪本書就拿哪本。 China is larger than ________ country in Africa. 中國比非洲的任何一個(gè)國家都大。 五、與“別的”有關(guān)的不定代詞：another, other, others, the other, the others, else another指三者或三者以上的另外一個(gè)，作定語修飾名詞，可以單獨(dú)用作主語或賓語。此外，another two = two more，表示“再來兩個(gè)”。 other后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，相當(dāng)于others，意為“其余的(并非全部)”。 the other后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，相當(dāng)于the others，意為“其余的(全部)”。此外，the other還可用于表示兩者之中的另一個(gè)，即one… the other…。 else意為“別的”，往往放在復(fù)合不定代詞或疑問詞之后。例如： I don’t want to buy anything ________. 我不想買別的了。 Do you have any________ ideas? 你有沒有別的想法？(作定語) May I ask you ________ three questions? 我還可以問你三個(gè)問題嗎？ I don’t like this jacket. Can you show me ________? 我不喜歡這件夾克，能讓我再看一件嗎？(作賓語) I have two books. One is Chinese, ________ is English. 我有兩本書。一本是中文的，另一本是英文的。(作主語) What ________ can you see in the picture? = What ________ things can you see in the picture? 你還能在圖片中看到什么？ There are thirty men teachers in our school, ________ are women teachers. 我們學(xué)校有30名男老師，其余的是女老師。 After class, some students are playing basketball, ________ are playing table tennis. 下課后，一些學(xué)生打籃球，另外一些在打乒乓球。 七、表示“數(shù)量多少”的不定代詞：(a) few, (a) little, many, much many和 (a) few修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，much和 (a) little 修飾不可數(shù)名詞，都可作主語、賓語或定語。a few和a little表示肯定，意為“有幾個(gè)/一點(diǎn)兒”；few和little表示否定，意為“幾乎沒有”；many和much意為“許多”。例如： Only ________ of them want to go. 他們中只有幾個(gè)人想去。(作主語) There is ________ water in the bottle. 瓶子里幾乎沒有水了。(作定語) There is ________ to be done about it. 對(duì)于這件事沒什么可做的。(作主語) ________ of the problems have been solved. 很多問題已經(jīng)被解決了。(作主語) They have finished ________ of the work. 他們已經(jīng)完成了很多工作。(作賓語) Only ________ people can solve this problem. 只有幾個(gè)人能解決這個(gè)問題。(作定語) You mean bananas? They have ________ left. 你是說香蕉？他們幾乎沒有了。(作賓語) 八、由some-, any-, no-, every-, 與-thing, -body, -one構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞： someone, anyone, somebody, anybody等復(fù)合不定代詞都可作主語，賓語或表語。someone, something, somebody一般用于肯定句；anyone, anything, anybody一般用于否定句和疑問句，當(dāng)它們用于否定句時(shí)，相當(dāng)于no one, nothing和nobody。當(dāng)not和every-連用時(shí)，表部分否定；若表全部否定，則改為no-。例如： ________ is looking for you outside. 有人在外邊找你呢。 There is ________ but a glass of water here. 這里只剩下一杯水了。 Not ________ in this room is round. 這間屋子里并非每個(gè)東西都是圓的。 I don’t think there is ________ important in today’s newspaper. 我認(rèn)為今天的報(bào)紙上沒有什么新的內(nèi)容。 The question is so easy that ________ in our class can answer it easily. 這個(gè)問題如此地簡單以致于我們班任何人都能輕易地答出來。 九、不定代詞any與not連用——是any not 還是 not any 按英語習(xí)慣，any 以及含有any的復(fù)合不定代詞用于否定句時(shí)，它只能出現(xiàn)在否定詞之后，而不能在否定詞之前： 誤：Any one doesn’t know how to do it. 正：No one knows how to do it. 任何人都不知道如何做它。 誤：Anybody [Anyone] cannot do it. 正：Nobody [No one] can do it. 這事誰也干不了。 誤：Anything cannot prevent me from going. 正：Nothing can prevent me from going. 什么也不能阻擋我去。 十、不定代詞與部分否定 不定代詞all, both, every 等與 not 連用時(shí)構(gòu)成部分否定；若要表示完全否定，則需換用 none, neither, no one等。比較： All of the students like the novel. 所有這些學(xué)生都喜歡這本小說。 Not all of the students like the novel. 并不是所有這些學(xué)生都喜歡這本小說。 All of the students don’t like the novel. 并不是所有這些學(xué)生都喜歡這本小說。 None of the students like the novel. 這些學(xué)生當(dāng)中沒有一個(gè)喜歡這本小說。 十一、不定代詞 all, both, each 等用作同位語 不定代詞all, both, each 等若用作主語同位語，主語可以是名詞或代詞；若用作賓語等其他成分的同位語，則賓語等成分必須是人稱代詞，而不能是名詞： We have all read it. 我們都讀過他。(all 修飾的主語是代詞) The villages have all been destroyed. 村莊都被毀了。(all 修飾的主語是名詞) They told us all to wait there. 他叫我們都在那兒等。(all 修飾的賓語是代詞) 但不能說：They told the men all to wait there. (all 修飾的賓語是名詞不是代詞) 2015年中考有關(guān)不定代詞的考查 1. (福建安溪) —Would you like some pear juice? —Yes, please. It’s my favorite. I think ________ is more delicious than pear juice. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 2. (福州) —It snowed heavily last night. Is everyone here today? —Yes, and ________ of us was late for school this morning. A. either B. neither C. none D. no one 3. (杭州) Unfortunately I was sitting at the table with smokers on ________ side of me. A. either B. both C. other D. all 4. (重慶B卷) I always believe that ________ is difficult if we try our best to do it. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 5. (四川宜賓) There are enough cups for each visitor to have ________. A. one B. it C. this D. that 6. (山東濱州) —I still want to drink something. May I have ________ cup of juice? —Certainly. Here you are. A. other B. more C. another D. else 7. (海南) The weather in Hainan is quite different from ________ of Heilongjiang. A. it B. one C. this D. that 8. (浙江溫州) —Mom, what would you like, coffee or tea? —________. Just water, please. A. Either B. Both C. Neither D. None 9. (山東泰安）My hometown is becoming more and more beautiful with trees and flowers on ________ sides of the road. A. all B. both C. neither D. either 10. (江西) Our teacher was very happy because ________ failed the examination. A. somebody B. nobody C. anybody D. everybody 11. (山東煙臺(tái)) When our teacher heard of the news, he was too angry to say ________. A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything 12. (貴州銅仁) Come here, I’ll tell you ________ about your study. —OK, we’re coming. A. anything important B. something important C. important anything D. important something 13. (廣東汕尾) — Do you need an apple or a pear? —________, I really don’t mind. A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither 14. (江蘇鹽城) —Wow, so many new buildings! But it used to be a poor village. —Yes. ________ has changed in our hometown. A. Nothing B. Nobody C. Everything D. Everybody 15. (山東東營) —Which way do you prefer, reading online or reading on paper? —________. Sometimes I read online, sometimes I read on paper. A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither 16. (山東臨沂) I tried two bookshops for the dictionary I wanted, but ________of them had it. A. either B. both C. neither D. none 17. (湖北荊門) —Mike, have you ever been to the Water Park with your sisters? —________ of us has. We’ll plan to go there together this weekend. A. Neither B. None C. All D. Both 18. (貴州遵義) Of the three reading rooms, one is near, ________ two are far. A. other B. the others C. the other D. another 19. (遼寧丹東) I bought a smart phone (智能手機(jī)) yesterday, and it works well, would you like to buy ________ like this? A. it B. this C. one D. that 20. (江蘇淮安) —Is there ________ in today’s newspaper? —Yes, quite a lot. A. anything interesting B. something interesting C. interesting anything D. interesting something 21. (湖北宜昌) —Have you watched the TV report about MERS? —Yes, it’s _________ new dangerous disease. A. the other B. another C. others D. other 22. (遼寧營口) —Do you know Lily and Lucy? —Yes, but the twins look so similar that I always mistake one for ________. A. the other B. the others C. another D. other 23. (廣西貴港) —What’s in your box? —There’s ________ in it. It’s empty. A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing 24. (安徽) We can’t do it that way—but whether it will work is ________ matter. A. other B. another C. each D. every 25. (廣東) Hurry up, kids! The school bus is coming. We have ________ time left. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 26. (湖北武漢) —The East Lake is not far from the Yellow Crane Tower, so you can easily visit ________ in a day. —Fantastic! I can’t wait for it. A. none B. both C. all D. either 27. (四川資陽) —Would you like some more noodles, Celia? —Yes, just ________, please. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little 28. (濟(jì)南市) The children ________ received a bag and some pencils. A. each B. every C. each one D. every one 29. (湖南長沙) There is ________ wrong with my back and it hurts seriously. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything 30. (山東菏澤) —Who taught Zhu Zhiwen to sing? —________! He learned singing by himself. A. Everybody B. Somebody C. Nobody D. Anybody 參考答案 2015年中考有關(guān)不定代詞的考查 1-5. CCADA 6-10. CDCBB 11-15. DBCCA 16-20. CBCCA 21-25. BADBC 26-30. BAABC |
|
|
