If you have acute coronary syndrome, you have one or more conditions caused by a blockage of blood flow to your heart muscle. This is a medical emergency, because you may be having a heart attack, a condition in which your heart muscle begins to die.
如果患者患有急性冠狀動(dòng)脈綜合征，那么他至少具有一種或多種阻礙血液流向心肌的因素。急性冠脈綜合征是一種內(nèi)科急癥，因?yàn)榛颊呖赡軙?huì)心臟病發(fā)作。心臟病發(fā)作時(shí)，患者的心肌開始死亡。
Your heart is a muscular organ, that pumps blood containing the oxygen and nutrients your body needs. The main pumping chamber of your heart is the left ventricle. When your left ventricle contracts, it sends oxygen-rich blood to your body through a large artery called the aorta.
心臟是一種肌肉性器官，它能泵出機(jī)體所需的含有氧氣和營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的血液。心臟的主要泵血腔是左心室。收縮時(shí)，左心室通過一條大動(dòng)脈，即主動(dòng)脈為機(jī)體輸送富含氧氣的血液。
Connected to your aorta are small arteries called coronary arteries. Blood flows from your aorta, through the coronary arteries to supply your heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients. If you have acute coronary syndrome, blood flow through your coronary arteries is severely reduced or completely blocked.
主動(dòng)脈連接的小動(dòng)脈稱為冠狀動(dòng)脈。血液從主動(dòng)脈流出，經(jīng)由冠狀動(dòng)脈，為心肌提供氧氣和營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。罹患急性冠脈綜合征時(shí)，流經(jīng)冠狀動(dòng)脈的血液嚴(yán)重減少，或冠狀動(dòng)脈完全阻滯。
One possible cause of reduced blood flow is atherosclerosis. In this condition, a build-up of a fatty substance called plaque can narrow your coronary arteries. If this plaque ruptures, a blood clot can form and block the artery. A blood clot is the most common cause of coronary artery blockage.
血流減少的一個(gè)可能原因是動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化。動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化發(fā)生時(shí)，積聚的脂肪物質(zhì)，也稱斑塊可使冠狀動(dòng)脈變窄。如果斑塊破裂，血栓就會(huì)形成，并阻塞動(dòng)脈。血栓是冠狀動(dòng)脈阻滯的最常見病因。
Other less common causes of reduced blood flow include coronary artery spasm or dissection. In a coronary artery spasm triggers,such as drugs, smoking, cold weather, and extreme stress or emotions can cause a temporary and sudden tightening of a coronary artery.
其它引起血流減少的不常見病因包括冠狀動(dòng)脈痙攣或夾層。冠狀動(dòng)脈痙攣誘因，如藥物、吸煙、冷空氣、極端壓力或情緒均可引起冠狀動(dòng)脈暫時(shí)性和突發(fā)性收緊。
During a coronary artery dissection, the inside wall of one of your coronary arteries separates, which can block blood flow. Regardless of the cause, a blockage in either coronary artery prevents the oxygen and nutrients in your blood from reaching the part of your heart supplied by the artery.
冠狀動(dòng)脈夾層期間，其中一條冠狀動(dòng)脈內(nèi)壁分離，這樣就會(huì)阻斷血流。無論病因是什么，任何一條冠狀動(dòng)脈阻塞均會(huì)阻止血液中的氧氣和營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)到達(dá)由動(dòng)脈供血的心臟部分。
As a result, heart muscle in that area starts to die. Death of part of your heart muscle is called a heart attack. It's also known as a myocardial infarction or MI. A blocked coronary artery may also cause you to feel sudden pain, discomfort, tightening, or a burning sensation in your chest called angina. This pain may extend to your upper abdomen, shoulders, arms, neck, and lower jaw.
因此，該區(qū)域的心肌開始死亡。部分心肌死亡稱為心臟病發(fā)作，也稱心肌梗死或MI。冠狀動(dòng)脈阻滯可能會(huì)引發(fā)突發(fā)性疼痛、不適、緊迫感、或胸口燒灼感，即心絞痛。疼痛可能會(huì)延伸至上腹部、雙肩、雙臂、頸部和下顎。
If you have angina when you're at rest, or frequent angina that prevents even moderate physical activity, you have unstable angina, which is the main symptom of acute coronary syndrome. Other symptoms of acute coronary syndrome include shortness of breath, dizziness, nausea, and sweating.
休息時(shí)出現(xiàn)心絞痛，或頻繁心絞痛引起無法進(jìn)行適量體力活動(dòng)時(shí)，可能患有不穩(wěn)定性心絞痛。不穩(wěn)定性心絞痛是急性冠狀動(dòng)脈綜合征的主要癥狀。其他癥狀包括呼吸短促、眩暈、惡心和出汗。
If you've had a heart attack or have other types of acute coronary syndrome, your doctor may prescribe oxygen therapy to get more oxygen into your blood. You may take aspirin or other prescription blood-thinner drugs to prevent blood clots. Thrombolytics also known as clot-buster drugs may be used to break up any existing blood clots.
如果心臟病發(fā)作或出現(xiàn)其他類型的急性冠狀動(dòng)脈綜合征，醫(yī)生可能會(huì)采取氧療，使更多的氧氣進(jìn)入血液?；颊呖梢苑冒⑺酒チ只蚱渌合♂屘幏剿幰灶A(yù)防血栓。溶栓藥物，也稱血栓通藥可用于分解任何現(xiàn)有的血凝塊。
Drugs such as nitroglycerin and morphine will relax your coronary arteries and relieve the pain of angina. You may also receive drugs called beta blockers that slow down your heart and reduce its need for oxygen. Your doctor may also recommend immediate surgical procedures, such as coronary angioplasty in which a balloon-tipped catheter inflates inside your blocked coronary artery to open it.
諸如硝酸甘油和嗎啡這類的藥物可以舒緩冠狀動(dòng)脈，減輕心絞痛。β受體阻滯劑可以減緩心跳，減少血氧需求量，因此患者也可以服用這類藥物。醫(yī)生也可能建議立即手術(shù)，如冠狀動(dòng)脈血管成形術(shù)，球囊導(dǎo)管可以擴(kuò)張阻塞的冠狀動(dòng)脈。
After inflating, the balloon catheter may leave behind a mesh-like device called a stent to hold your artery open. Or you may have a coronary artery bypass graft, or CABG. CABG is a surgical procedure in which the blocked areas of the coronary arteries are bypassed with veins or artificial graft material. Seek treatment immediately if you have the symptoms of acute coronary syndrome.
擴(kuò)張后，氣囊導(dǎo)管可能會(huì)遺留下網(wǎng)狀的裝置，即支架，用于保持動(dòng)脈暢通?；颊哌€可以采取冠狀動(dòng)脈旁落移植術(shù)，或CABG。CABG是一種外科手術(shù)，它運(yùn)用靜脈或人造移植材料繞過冠狀動(dòng)脈阻滯區(qū)域。如果出現(xiàn)急性冠狀動(dòng)脈綜合征癥狀，請(qǐng)立即就醫(yī)！
