導語 鈉-葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白2抑制劑(SGLT2i)是一種新型的抗高血糖藥物(AHAs),它能抑制腎近曲小管中葡萄糖和鈉的再吸收。 作者:沿若 來源:醫(yī)學論壇網(wǎng)心血管 鈉-葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白2抑制劑(SGLT2i)是一種新型的抗高血糖藥物(AHAs),它能抑制腎近曲小管中葡萄糖和鈉的再吸收。這些藥物導致葡萄糖和鈉的尿路排泄,可以使循環(huán)糖化血紅蛋白A1c降低≈0.7-1%;血壓降低≈5/2mm?Hg;體重減低≈2到3公斤;通過減少腎小球內(nèi)的壓力蛋白尿減少≈30 - 40%;和良好的代謝影響作用。
若干該類藥物用于2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者和非糖尿病患者的試驗正在進行,旨在觀測此類藥物對比常規(guī)用藥對于心血管(CV)臨床結(jié)果和安全性的差異。其中兩項針對T2DM和高CV風險因素患者的試驗,報道顯示使用此類藥物可減少主要不良心血管事件(MACE),特別是CV復合死亡率、非致命性心肌梗死(MI)和非致命性卒中,以及對降低心力衰竭(HHF)住院率有特別有益。
研究人員猜測HHF的獲益與MACE獲益比例不同,部分原因可能是血漿體積收縮和體重減輕的原因。同樣,在常規(guī)的臨床實踐中,使用這些藥物可以降低全因死亡率(ACM)和HHF的風險。然而,使用SGLT2i可能會導致潛在的傷害,報告顯示可能增加泌尿生殖系統(tǒng)感染、糖尿病酮癥酸中毒、急性腎損傷、骨折和膝關節(jié)下肢截肢(BKA)風險。
后發(fā)并發(fā)癥是一種較少見但嚴重進展性疾病的臨床表現(xiàn),伴有大量相關的發(fā)病率,但這一結(jié)果的可靠數(shù)據(jù)很少。鑒于試驗可能招收可選擇的患者基數(shù)的限制和持續(xù)時間有差異,可能會影響試驗個體臨床終點的收集和安全性問題。為了尋找鈉-葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白2抑制劑(SGLT2i)在臨床應用中的證據(jù),本次隊列研究以大量人群為基礎,旨在評估針對T2DM和高CV風險因素患者使用SGLT2i是否與降低心血管事件風險,增加BKA風險有關。
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