一、概述

代詞是用來(lái)代替名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)的詞。

代詞的分類：

人稱代詞：表示“我”、“我們”、“你”“你們”、“他、她、它”、“他們”的詞叫人稱代詞；

物主代詞：表示所有關(guān)系的代詞，分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞；

反身代詞：表示動(dòng)作反射到執(zhí)行者本身或用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的代詞；

指示代詞：表示能替代名詞或替代形容詞的詞；

不定代詞：表示不指明替代任何特定名詞的代詞。

疑問(wèn)代詞：表示替代人或物且含有疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)氣的代詞。

二、人稱代詞

人稱代詞在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。

1、主格在句中作主語(yǔ)，賓格在句中作賓語(yǔ)。

She gave these books to you and me;

You must look after them;

2、當(dāng)并列代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，I 放在最后。順序?yàn)槟?，他，?/p>

You, he and I are going to spend the winter holidays in Beijing.

三、物主代詞

物主代詞包括形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種，有人稱和數(shù)不清變化形式。

形容詞性物主代詞只能作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞，如：

my watch; your books ; their names;

名詞性物主代詞在句中可單獨(dú)作用，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，后面不跟名詞，英語(yǔ)中說(shuō)：“我的一位朋友”，要用“a friend of mine”。

有些結(jié)構(gòu)中常用the 替代物主代詞

He had a cold in the head.（the意思是his）

My mother took me by the arm. （the意思是her）

四、反身代詞

反身代詞在句中可以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，用作賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。

He himself has finished it .（作同位語(yǔ)）

He has taught himself Russian for 5 years .（作賓語(yǔ)）

I did it mysldf. （加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣）

某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)：by oneself; fo oneself; among themselves

They made the machine all by themselves.

He cooked a meal for himself.

五、指示代詞

指示代詞有：this; that; these; those

this, these 表示“這”、“這些”，是“近指”。

that, those表示“那”、“那些”，是“遠(yuǎn)指”。

注意：在電話用語(yǔ)里面，用this代替自己，that代替對(duì)方。如：

who’s that? This is Tom speaking

六、不定代詞

英語(yǔ)中有以下不定代詞：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little(a little), few(a few), many, much, other, another, some, any, no還有由some, any , no every構(gòu)成的代詞。

1）both, all

both 是指“兩者都”，而all則是指“三者或三者以上都”，如：

Both of us are right.

All of you are good at playing basketball.

但all 還可以組成固定短語(yǔ) all day, all this, all the time等

2) either, neither

either 是指“兩者之中任何一個(gè)……“屬于部分否定，而neither則是“兩者之中一個(gè)也不……“屬全部否定

Either of the books will do.

Neither of the answers is right.

而either還可出現(xiàn)在否定句子里，可與neither進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換。如：

Tom hasn’t been to America, Jim hasn’t, either

= Neither Tom nor Jim has been to America.

而neither (nor) 也可用于表示“也不……”，構(gòu)成“neither (nor) +助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”的句式。

Kate isn’t a worker, neither is Meimei.

3) little, a little, few, a few

little, a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞； few , a few修飾可數(shù)名詞；

little, few表示否定，“幾乎沒(méi)有”

a little, a few表示肯定，相當(dāng)于some, any.

There is a little milk in the glass.

There are few students in the classroom, they’re in the reading-room.

4) every, each

every, each都是強(qiáng)調(diào)每一個(gè)，every 作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞。如：

The bus comes every five minutes.

Each of them may come at a different time.

5) some , any

6) 由some, any, no, every組成的不定代詞

something, someone, somebody, somewhere, anything, anyone, anybody, anywhere, nothing, none, nobody, nowhere, everything,everyone, everybody, everywhere.

七、疑問(wèn)代詞

疑問(wèn)代詞用來(lái)構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句，一共有五個(gè)：

who, whom, whose, what, which.