新人教版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納

Unit 1 What’s the matter?

重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ):

have a stomachache have a cold lie down

take one’s temperature have a fever go to a doctor

to one’s surprise agree to (do sth.) get into trouble

be used to take risks run out (of)

cut off get out of be in control of

keep on ( doing sth.） give up

語(yǔ)言知識(shí)歸納：

1. What’s the matter (with you)?

此句用來詢問別人的病情。類似的句子還有：

What’s wrong with you?/ What’s the trouble?

matter作動(dòng)詞用，意為“要緊”“有關(guān)系”，主要用于疑問句和否定句。

What does it matter? It doesn’t matter.

【例題】Does it ________ if we can’t finish it today?

A. mind B. minds C. matter D. matters

2. I have a sore throat.

have “患病”，常用“have a /an+ 名詞”.

have a cold have a fever have a sore back

have a stomachache have a cough

【例題】( )---Does he often have ______ cold? ---Yes. He also _____a cough and a sore throat.

A. a; has B. /; has C. a; have D. /; have

3.Lie down and rest! 躺下休息

lie down 躺下

4.That’s probably why. 那可能就是原因。

probably意為“很可能，大概”，表示的可能性很大，是一種近乎肯定的意思。

5. hurt v. 使受傷；傷害；疼痛

He hurt his leg when he fell. 他摔傷的時(shí)候傷了腿。

My feelings were hurt when he didn’t ask me to the party.他沒有請(qǐng)我參加聚會(huì)使我很傷心。

6. The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping...公交車司機(jī)，24歲的王平……

24-year-old 是用連字符連接數(shù)字和名詞所構(gòu)成的一個(gè)形容詞結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是“24歲的”。

（名詞必須用單數(shù)，常用在名詞前做定語(yǔ)）

【例題】A____girl named DongXinyi looked after her disabled father.

A. three-year-old B. three-years-old C. Three years old

7. expect vt. 期待；預(yù)期；期盼

expect的常見用法:

【辨析】expect與look forward to

兩者都有期待的意思 look forward to doing sth.

I’m looking forward to seeing Tom.

8. But to his surprise...但是令他吃驚的是……

to one’s surprise 表示“令人驚奇的是……”，相當(dāng)于“主語(yǔ)+be+surprised”

To his surprise, he found the girl was bind.

= He was surprised to find the girl was blind. 令他驚奇的是，他發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)女孩是個(gè)盲人。

【拓展】in surprise表示“驚奇的”，相當(dāng)于副詞性短語(yǔ)，用來修飾動(dòng)詞。

The two girls looked at each other in surprise. 那兩個(gè)女孩驚奇地互相看著。

be surprised at表示“對(duì)……感到驚訝”。

We are very surprised at the news. 聽到這個(gè)消息，我們很詫異。

surprising 表示“使人驚奇的”，作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是事物。

9. They don’t want any trouble. 他們不想惹麻煩。

① trouble用作名詞，意為“煩惱，困難，麻煩，疾病等”。

His life is full of trouble. 他的生活充滿了煩惱。

What’s the trouble? 怎么了？

② trouble用作動(dòng)詞，意為“麻煩，打擾”。

I’m sorry to trouble you. 抱歉打擾你。

【拓展】與trouble相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)

in trouble處于困境中 get into trouble陷入困境

Have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困難

【例題】-How is your English study? -Not bad. But I_____learning English grammar.

A. am interested B. am good at C. have a little trouble D. have no trouble

10. 辨析 used to do sth. 與 be used to sth. / doing sth.

↓ ↓

過去常?！?習(xí)慣于某事/做某事

We used to draw pictures badly.

You will get used to the weather here.

In the end, I got used to doing hard work.

11. 辨析run out 與run out of

人+ run out of They have run out of the water.

物+ run out (不可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） The money is running out.

【例題】選出能代替句中畫線部分的一項(xiàng)

( ) Yesterday I used up all the salt to cook dumplings. I need to buy some now.

A. ate up B. run out of C. ran of D. ran out of

12. make decisions = make a decision 作出決定

decision為decide的名詞形式

make a decision to do sth. = decide to do sth.

13. be in control of 管理；控制

A teacher should be in control of his class.

重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should的用法

（1）should后接動(dòng)詞原形，變否定句在should后加not, 變一般疑問句時(shí)將should提前。

（2）should常用于以下兩種情況：

① 提出建議

You looked tired. You should lie down and rest.

② 表推測(cè)，意為“該，按理應(yīng)當(dāng)”。

Wait a minute. I think he should come in a minute.

Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.

重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ):

clean up by oneself cheer up

put off give out put on

used to give away take after

set up make a difference care for

come up with

語(yǔ)言知識(shí)歸納：

1. give out 分發(fā)，發(fā)放

【拓展】give構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)還有：

give away 贈(zèng)給，贈(zèng)送 give in 屈服，投降

give up 放棄 give off 發(fā)出（氣味、光、熱等）

2.come up with 提出，想出

(1)表示“想出或提出”，相當(dāng)于think of

I think she can come up with a good idea

(2)come up with還可表示 “趕上”,相當(dāng)于catch up with.

We should study hard to come up with them

【例題】( ) We must _____a plan to improve your math.

A. pick up B. catch up with C. come up with D. make up

3. I’v run out of it. 我已經(jīng)把它用完了。

run out of 表示 “用完，用光”，其主語(yǔ)一般是人。

【拓展】run out of 還可表示“從……跑出來”。

Bill ran out of the room. Bill從房間里跑出來。

run構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)還有

run away 逃走 run after追趕

run into difficulties遇到困難

【例題】( ) When your money____, please come to me for some.

A. runs out of B. runs out C. is running out of D. is run out

4. I take after my mother.我長(zhǎng)得像我媽媽。

【辨析】take after 與look like

take after意為“長(zhǎng)得像，行為、性格等像”,尤其是像自己的長(zhǎng)輩。

The boy takes after his father. 這個(gè)男孩長(zhǎng)得像他爸爸。

look like 可以用于所有場(chǎng)合，既可指人也可指物，僅指外表看上去像。

The man looks like our teacher. 這個(gè)男的看起來像我們的老師。

The rainbow looks like a bridge. 彩虹看上去像一座橋。

【拓展】take 構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)

take up take off take place

take one’s time take care

【例題】( ) -You’ve really beautiful blond hair. -Thank you. I ____my mother.

A. look after B. take after C. take from D. look for

5. set up 創(chuàng)辦，建立

set up 為副詞短語(yǔ)，與start, establish同義

They’ve set up a company. 他們創(chuàng)辦了一家公司。

與set 相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)還有：

set out 動(dòng)身，開始（做某事）

set off 出發(fā)，引起，激發(fā)

6. You helped to make it possible for me to have lucky. 對(duì)我來說，有了你的幫助，我才有可能擁有Lucky.

it是形式賓語(yǔ)

You made it possible for me to catch up with others. 你讓我有可能趕上其他人。

【例題】( ) He found ___hard to go to sleep with the light on.

A. it B. that C. he D. him

7.Lucky makes a big difference to my life. Lucky對(duì)我的生活產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。

make a big difference 意為“對(duì)……產(chǎn)生很大的影響”，difference在此為“影響”的意思。

【例題】( ) The heavy snow didn’t ___ the international airlines.

A. pay attention to B. add to C. make a difference to D. keep to

8. imagine v. 想象，假想；以為，認(rèn)為

imagine （v.想象）→ imagination（n.想象）→ imaginative (adj.富于想象力的）

9.help... out 幫……克服困難，幫……分擔(dān)工作

The teacher often helps his students out. 那位老師經(jīng)常幫他的學(xué)生解決問題。

10.be excited about... 對(duì)……興奮

I’m excited about the game of Li Na. 我對(duì)李娜的比賽感到興奮。

exciting 修飾物

重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)

動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)主要有以下四種構(gòu)成形式：

(1) 動(dòng)詞+介詞

這類動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)主要有：agree with, ask for, arrive at, hear of, look at, take after, listen to等。

這類動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)無論是名詞還是代詞，都要放在介詞之后。

I’m looking for my pen. Don’t laugh at the poor man.

(2)動(dòng)詞+副詞

這類動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有：find out, give out, look up, put on, turn on/off, wake up, work out等。

這類動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)，名詞可放在副詞前面或后面；賓語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，代詞只能放在

副詞前面。

Please pick up the pen.= Please pick the pen up.

It took him two hours to work it out.

(3) 動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞

這類動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有：have a look at, make friends with, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to等。

在這類動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中，賓語(yǔ)都放在介詞之后。

You should pay more attention to your pronunciation.

(4) 動(dòng)詞+形容詞+介詞

這類動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有：be angry with, be busy with, be good for, be different from, be interested in,

be good at等。

【例題】(1) ( ) When you don’t know a word, you can ___in the dictionary.

A. look it up B. set it up C. give it up D. pick it up

(2) ( ) We will have dinner at the restaurant, which is famous ___its sea food.

A. of B. to C. for D.as

Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?

重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ):

take out the rubbish make the bed all the time

borrow some money help with housework hang out with...

a waste of time in order to as...as...

take care of in surprise do the dishes

as a result

語(yǔ)言知識(shí)歸納：

1. work on 從事于；著手干

The writer is working on a new book. 那位作家正在寫一本新書。

She is going to work on her physics project. 她打算從事她的物理項(xiàng)目。

【例題】( ) The scientists are____inventing some methods of producing electricity.

A. working on B. working out C. working at D. working for

2. at least 至少

at least 修飾時(shí)間、距離、長(zhǎng)度等，以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。

翻譯短語(yǔ)位at most,意為“至多，最多”。

He kept me waiting at least an hour.

There were fifty people there at most.

3. all the time 一直；總是

Things are changing all the time.事情一直在變化。

【拓展】time相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)

on time準(zhǔn)時(shí) at the same time同時(shí) in time及時(shí)

From time to time偶爾 the first time第一次

【例題】選出能代替句中劃線部分的一項(xiàng)。

( ) I always go shopping on Friday.

A. all the time B. all the same C.all along D. all the way

5. I’m just as tired as you are! 我和你一樣累。

as...as意為“和……一樣”,表示同級(jí)比較。as...as中間要用形容詞或副詞原級(jí)。

This story is as interesting as that one. 這個(gè)故事和那個(gè)一樣有趣。

否定式為not as/so...as,意為“不如……”。

The garden is not so beautiful as you thought.

【例題】( ) He speaks French well, but of course not____a person born in France.

A.as clear as B. clearer than C. as clearly as D. the more clearly

6. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.一個(gè)星期，她不做家務(wù)，我也不做家務(wù)。

so,neither 倒裝句型

So + 助動(dòng)詞/ be動(dòng)詞/ 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ 主語(yǔ)

Neither + 助動(dòng)詞/ be動(dòng)詞/ 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ 主語(yǔ)

這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)常用來說明前面所說的情況，后面某人（物）也是這樣。助動(dòng)詞/ be動(dòng)詞/ 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

在形式上與前句的謂語(yǔ)保持一致，而其單復(fù)形式由后句的主語(yǔ)決定。So依附于肯定句，neither

依附于否定句。

Bill watched TV last night. So did Ann.

Lily isn’t a teacher. Neither is Mary.

【例題】( ) -I never drink coffee. -______.

A.So do I B. So did I C. Neither did I D. Neither do I

7. 辨析borrow與lend

borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借（入）某物

lend sth. to sb. / lend sb. sth. 把某物借給某人

【注】borrow,lend都是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如果要表示“借多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”要用keep。

【例題】( ) Although you like the book, you may only ___it for two weeks.

A. borrow B. keep C. lend D. stay

7. spend v. 花費(fèi)（金錢；時(shí)間）

spend + 錢/時(shí)間 + on sth. 在……上花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢

spend + 時(shí)間 +( in) doing sth. 花時(shí)間做某事

【例題】( ) Yang Feng ___ every Saturday afternoon volunteering in an old people’s home.

A. costs B. takes C. pays D. spends

8. provide v. 提供；給予

provide sth. The restaurant provide the best service.

provide sb. with sth. The parents provide the children with food and clothes.

provide sth. for sb. The schools provide desks and chairs for the students.

【例題】( ) To protect the environment, supermarkets don’t ___ free plastic bags to shoppers.

A. take B. show C. provide D. carry

10. depend on 依靠；依賴；相信

depend on為固定短語(yǔ)，不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，也不可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

As we know, good results depend on hard work.

You can’t depend on your parents forever.

10. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.孩子越早學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立，對(duì)他們的

將來就越好。

the + 比較級(jí)...，the + 比較級(jí)... “越……就越……”

The harder you work at your study, the better grades you will have.

【例題】( ) -There was thick haze(霧霾) in our city this spring. What do you think of it？

-I think ___cars we drive, ____pollution our city will have.

A. the fewer; the fewer B. the fewer; the less

C. The more; the fewer D. the more; the less

11. in order to 的用法

(1) in order to意為“為了……”，強(qiáng)調(diào)目的，后接動(dòng)詞原形。

In order to let the students hear him, he spoke loudly.

We have to study hard in order to pass the exam.

In order not to be late for school, she took a taxi.

(2)含in order to的句子可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橛蓅o that或in order that 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。

She ran quickly in order to catch the bus.

She ran quickly in order that she could catch the bus.

She ran quickly so that she could catch the bus.

12. as a result的用法

as a result用于引出結(jié)果，常用于兩個(gè)句子之間，其中一個(gè)是另一個(gè)的結(jié)果，且前后用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)

將兩個(gè)句子隔開，意為“結(jié)果是”。

He didn’t listen carefully. As a result, he couldn’t work out the maths problem.

【注】as a result of 的意思是“由于，因?yàn)椤保?相當(dāng)于because of。

Peter was late as a result of the heavy rain.= Peter was late because of the heavy rain.

【例題】( ) The boy studied hard. ______, he passed the exam.

A. Ia fact B. On time C. After all D. As a result

Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?

重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ):

look through work out get on with

cut out compare...with in one’s opinion

a big deal so that get into a fight

communicate with not...until... call sb. up

instead of

語(yǔ)言知識(shí)歸納：

1. Why don’t you talk to your parents?

Why don’t you do sth.= Why not do sth. “為什么不……?”

【拓展】提出建議的句型

①What/How about doing sth.? 做某事怎么樣？

②Shall we do sth.? 我們做某事好嗎？

③You’d better(not) do sth. 你最好（不）做某事。

④Why don’t you do sth. 為什么不做某事呢？

⑤Would you mind doing sth.? 你介意做某事嗎？

2. allow v. 允許，許可

① allow sb. to do sth. “允許某人做某事“

My parents allow me to play computer game on weekends.

② allow doing sth. “允許做某事”

She doesn’t allow smoking in her house.

③ allow+名詞

We can’t allow such a thing.

【例題】( ) Do you often allow____until 11:00 p.m.

A. to stay up B. stay up C. staying up D. and stay up

3. work out 產(chǎn)生……效果，進(jìn)展……

Things worked out quite well for us. 對(duì)我們來說，事情進(jìn)展很好。

He worked out the maths problem. 他算出了這道數(shù)學(xué)題。

Can you work out the problem alone? 你一個(gè)人能把問題搞清楚嗎？

4. communicate v. 交流信息；溝通

I can’t communicate with them at the moment. 此刻我無法同他們進(jìn)行交流。

communication n.交流

People can’t get on well with each other without communication. 沒有交流，人們就無法相處得好。

【例題】選出能代替句中劃線部分的一項(xiàng)。

( )People choose to keep in touch with their friends by e-mail.

A. write B. read C.agree D. communicate

5. argue vi. 爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)吵

argue with sb. 與某人爭(zhēng)論

Don’t argue with your parents. 不要和你的父母爭(zhēng)論。

argue的名詞形式是 “argument”, have an argument with sb. 與某人辯論。

Alice hand an argument with her best friend.

【例題】( )I never argue ____my parents.

A.in B.to C.for D.with

6. instead adv. 代替，頂替

If you are busy, you may come another day instead.

【辨析】instead 與instead of

He didn’t answer. He asked his father instead.

We eat rice instead of noodles.

【例題】( ) What a nice day! We should go sightseeing ____watching TV in the hotel.

A.because of B. instead of C.together with D.out

7. offer v. 提供；提出；建議

① offer 做“提供”講時(shí)，可接雙賓語(yǔ)。

offer sth. to sb.= offer sb. sth. 向某人提供某物

The waitress offered a cup of tea to the man.= The waitress offered the man a cup of tea.

② offer還有“提出，建議”的意思，其后接不定式，表示主動(dòng)提出做某事。

The old man offered to lend the boy some money.

【例題】( ) The little boy ___ his seat to an old lady on the crowded bus.

A. lent B. offered C. took D. brought

8. And they are always comparing them with other children.

compare 作動(dòng)詞，意為“比較， 和……相比”。

① compare...with... 把……同……相比較

Parents shouldn’t always compare their children with others.

父母?jìng)儾辉摽偸前炎约旱暮⒆油瑒e人相比較。

② compare...to... 把……比作……

People often compare the life to a stage. 人們常把生活比作一個(gè)舞臺(tái)。

【例題】( ) My handwriting can not be compared___ my father’s.

A. to B. with C. on D.for

9. My cousin borrows my things without returning them.

① return 意為“歸還”，其后可接雙賓語(yǔ)

return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb.

Don’t forget to return me the keys.

② return 還有“返回”的意思，相當(dāng)于go back, 后接地點(diǎn)時(shí)需要介詞to。

He returned to Shanghai a week ago.

【例題】①那本書你還給圖書館了嗎？

Did you _______the book_______the library?

②( ) I don’t know when we will _______Hong Kong.

A. return back B. return to C. return back to D.return

Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?

重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ):

go off pick up fall asleep

die down make one’s way in silence

take down at first wait for

in a mess the rest of have meaning to

basketball competition as well make sure

語(yǔ)言知識(shí)歸納：

1. while 當(dāng)……的時(shí)候

作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，在while引導(dǎo)的從句中，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)主從句中

的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)發(fā)生。

While I was watching TV, someone knocked at the door.

when意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)”，動(dòng)作有一前一后的意思。

When I passed that room I heard someone singing.

while 作連詞時(shí)也可理解為“然而”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

I like apples while my sister doesn’t.