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      400個(gè)語(yǔ)法公式(4),從易到難讓大家把語(yǔ)法補(bǔ)起來(lái)!記得收藏!

       wuming0717 2019-02-12

      400個(gè)語(yǔ)法公式(4),從易到難讓大家把語(yǔ)法補(bǔ)起來(lái)!記得收藏!

      公式301

      先行詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞+定語(yǔ)從句

      ● The house in which I used to live has becomea garden.我過(guò)去住的房子已經(jīng)變成了一個(gè)花園。

      公式302

      先行詞,+which/who/whom/whose/when/where+定語(yǔ)從句非限制性

      定語(yǔ)從句用逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi),that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,who一般不能替代whom。

      ● Between the two parts of the concert is aninterval, when the audience can buy ice-cream.音樂(lè)會(huì)的兩部分中間有間歇,這時(shí)候,觀眾可以去買冰激凌。

      公式303

      (先行詞,+)as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

      ● He made a long speech, as we expected.正如我們所預(yù)料的一樣,他的演講很長(zhǎng)。

      公式304

      時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句: 主句+when/while/as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

      when/while/as意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”。

      ● Mary made coffee while her guests werefinishing their meal.客人們快吃完飯的時(shí)候,瑪麗煮了咖啡。

      公式305

      時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句: 主句+as soonas/directly/immediately等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

      引導(dǎo)詞意為“一……就……”。

      ● I recognized her immediately I saw her.我一見(jiàn)到她,就認(rèn)出了她。

      公式306

      時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句: 主句+before/after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

      ● I went to bed after I finished my homework.做完作業(yè)后,我就上床睡覺(jué)了。

      公式307

      時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句: 主句+since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

      ● Mary has been in Shanghai since she left Beijing.瑪麗自從離開(kāi)北京后就一直在上海。

      公式308

      時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句: 主句+till/until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

      ● I will stay here until you come back.我會(huì)一直待在這里直到你回來(lái)。

      公式309

      原因狀語(yǔ)從句:主句+because/as/since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句

      ● As all the seats were full, he had to standup.由于所有的位子都滿了,他只好站著。

      because, since, as的區(qū)別

      公式310

      地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句:主句+where/wherever引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

      ● You cango wherever you like these days.這些天你可以去你想去的地方。

      公式311

      讓步狀語(yǔ)從句:疑問(wèn)詞-ever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

      ● To show our respect, we usually have to takeour gloves off whoever we are to shake hands with.為了表示我們的尊重,不論要跟誰(shuí)握手,我們通常都要摘掉手套。

      公式312

      引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),疑問(wèn)詞-ever可與“no matter+疑問(wèn)詞”互換。

      ● Wherever/No matter where you go, I will bewith you.無(wú)論你去哪兒,我都和你一起。

      公式313

      讓步狀語(yǔ)從句:主句+(al)though/as/while/eventhough/even if引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

      ● Tim is in good shape physically even thoughhe doesn’t get much exercise.即使不做太多鍛煉,蒂姆還是保持了很好的體形。

      公式314

      條件狀語(yǔ)從句:主句+if/unless/aslong as引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句

      ● Let’s go out for awalk unless you are too tired.如果你不是太累的話,我們出去散一會(huì)步吧。

      公式315

      條件狀語(yǔ)從句:主句+so/such...+that+結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

      ● He worked so hard that he got ill.他工作那么努力,結(jié)果病倒了。

      公式316

      目的狀語(yǔ)從句:主句+so that/inorder that/in case引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句

      ● I’ll run slowly so that you can catch up withme.為了能讓你趕上我,我會(huì)慢慢跑。

      公式317

      比較狀語(yǔ)從句:主句+than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句

      ● The weather was worse than I had expected.天氣比我預(yù)料的還要糟。

      公式318

      比較狀語(yǔ)從句:主句+as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句

      ● French is as familiar to him as English.他對(duì)法語(yǔ)就像對(duì)英語(yǔ)一樣熟悉。

      公式319

      方式狀語(yǔ)從句:主句+as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句

      as if/as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句

      ● You ought to do as Paul tells you.你應(yīng)該按照保羅吩咐你的去做。

      公式320

      當(dāng)as if引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句表示與事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí),從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

      ● She closed her eyes as though she was verytired.她閉上了眼睛,好像是很累了。

      公式321

      虛擬語(yǔ)氣在狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法:

      If...did/were..., 主語(yǔ)+would/should/could/mightdo...表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。

      從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí),主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。

      ● If you were the manager, we would not be sotired.如果你是經(jīng)理,我們就不會(huì)這么累了。

      公式322

      If...had done...,主語(yǔ)+would/should/could/mighthave done...表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。

      從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí),主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might+have+過(guò)去分詞”。

      ● If we had taken the other road, we might havearrived here in time for the meeting.如果我們走了另一條路的話,或許就能及時(shí)趕到這里開(kāi)會(huì)了。(陜西)

      公式323

      If...did/were todo/should do...,主語(yǔ)+would/should/could/might do...表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。

      從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式、“should+動(dòng)詞原形”或“wereto+動(dòng)詞原形”,主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。

      ● If it were fine tomorrow, I would goshopping.如果明天天氣好,我就去購(gòu)物。

      公式324

      If...had done..., 主語(yǔ)+would do...

      ● If he had set out earlier, he would be homenow.如果他早點(diǎn)出發(fā)的話,他現(xiàn)在就已經(jīng)到家了。

      公式325

      If...should do..., 主語(yǔ)+would have done...

      ● If she shouldleave, I would have heard about it.如果她要走,我早就應(yīng)該聽(tīng)說(shuō)了。

      公式326

      Should/Were/Had+(從句)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)

      主句if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中含有should, were, had時(shí),可將if省略,而將should, were, had提前,構(gòu)成倒裝。、

      ● Were I you(=If I were you), I would go.如果我是你,我就去。

      公式327

      With/Without/Butfor+名詞,主語(yǔ)+虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式的謂語(yǔ)...

      句子的虛擬條件是通過(guò)詞或短語(yǔ)如with, without, otherwise, but for等來(lái)表示的。

      ● Without the greenhouse effect, the earthwould be about thirtythree degrees Celsius cooler than it is.如果沒(méi)有溫室效應(yīng),地球的溫度將比現(xiàn)在的溫度低大約33攝氏度。

      公式328

      主句+as if+(從句)主語(yǔ)+did/had done...as if引導(dǎo)的從句

      常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況;用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況。

      ● She acted as if she had been the hostessyesterday.她昨天表現(xiàn)得就好像她是女主人似的。

      公式329

      主句+so that+(從句)主語(yǔ)+should/could/might do...

      so that意為“為了”,它引導(dǎo)的從句表示目的。

      ● He took a taxi to the station so that heshould not miss the train.為了不錯(cuò)過(guò)火車,他乘出租車去火車站。

      公式330

      主句+lest+從句(主語(yǔ)+(should) do...)

      lest意為“唯恐”,它引導(dǎo)的從句表示目的。

      ● They spoke in whispers lest they (should) be heard.他們低聲說(shuō)話,唯恐被別人聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。

      公式331

      ...wish (that)+主語(yǔ)+did/had done/would do...

      wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反;用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反;用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反。

      ● I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year around.我希望北京全年都是秋天。

      公式332

      ...suggest/recommend/insist等+(that)+主語(yǔ)+(should)do...

      ● I suggest that we (should) set off at once.我建議我們立刻出發(fā)。

      公式333

      ...would rather+主語(yǔ)+did/had done...

      would rather后的從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反,用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。

      ● I would rather you hadn’t told him.我寧愿你沒(méi)有告訴他。

      公式334

      It is+形容詞/名詞/過(guò)去分詞+that+主語(yǔ)+(should)do...

      ● It is strange that the girl (should) be sorude.那個(gè)女孩那么無(wú)禮,這真奇怪。

      公式335

      ...suggestion/advice/demand等+that+主語(yǔ)(+should)do...

      在表示“建議”、“命令”、“要求”等的名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

      ● My suggestion is that we (should) get startedsoon.我的建議是我們應(yīng)該盡快出發(fā)。

      公式336

      It is (high/about)time that+主語(yǔ)+did/should do...

      ● It is high time that you went to school.早就到了你該去上學(xué)的時(shí)間了。

      公式337

      if only+主語(yǔ)+did/had done...

      用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反,用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。

      ● If only I had another chance.要是我再有一次機(jī)會(huì)就好了。

      公式338

      不可數(shù)名詞/單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)

      ● Still water runs deep.靜水流深。

      公式339

      動(dòng)名詞/不定式/主語(yǔ)從句+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)

      ● Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操對(duì)你的眼睛有好處。

      公式340

      時(shí)間/距離/價(jià)值/重量等+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)

      表示時(shí)間、距離、重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞常作為一個(gè)整體看待,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用單數(shù)。

      ● A thousand miles is a very long distance.1,000英里是一段很長(zhǎng)的距離。

      公式341

      more than one/many a(n)+單數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)

      a(n)+單數(shù)名詞+and a half+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)意為“不止一個(gè)……/許多……”;“一個(gè)半……”。

      ● More than one person here is going to find a new job.這里不止一個(gè)人準(zhǔn)備找新工作。

      公式342

      the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)

      ● As you can see, the number of cars on ourroads keeps rising these days.正如你看到的那樣,如今公路上汽車的數(shù)量一直在增長(zhǎng)。(全國(guó)Ⅱ)

      公式343

      a number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)

      ● A number of willbe graduatesare voluntarily going to work in the West of China.許多即將畢業(yè)的大學(xué)生打算自愿到中國(guó)西部工作。

      公式344

      each/every...(and each/every...)+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)

      ● Every person in my family has been given agift.我們家每個(gè)人都得到了一份禮物。

      公式345

      some-, any-, every-,no-構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)

      ● If anyone knows the truth of the accident,please tell the police.如果有人知道事故的真相,請(qǐng)告訴警察。

      公式346

      冠詞+名詞+and+名詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)

      兩個(gè)并列的名詞 表示一個(gè)人或一種事物,此時(shí)第一個(gè)名詞前用冠詞,第二個(gè)名詞前不用冠詞。

      ● A knife and fork is on the table.餐桌上有一副刀叉。

      公式347

      news/physics/maths/politics/theUnited States/James等+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)

      這些名詞雖然以-s結(jié)尾,但屬于專有名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。

      ● The news concerns your younger brother.這消息與你弟弟有關(guān)。

      公式348

      one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)

      ● One of my goodfriends has been abroad for eleven years.我的一個(gè)好朋友已經(jīng)在國(guó)外待了11年了。

      公式349

      復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)+復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)

      ● All the students in our class arehardworking.我們班所有的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)都很用功。

      公式350

      glasses/trousers/pants/shoes等+復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)

      主語(yǔ)是以成對(duì)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

      ● My blue trousers have worn out.我的藍(lán)褲子已經(jīng)穿破了。

      如果這類名詞前用pair of等單位名詞修飾,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與單位名詞的數(shù)保持一致。

      公式351

      people/police/cattle等+復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)

      people, police,cattle是只表示復(fù)數(shù)意義的集體名詞,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

      ● Many people were present at the meeting.許多人出席了會(huì)議。

      公式352

      ... and.../both...and...+復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)

      意為“……和……都”,表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

      ● New York and Boston are American cities.紐約和波士頓都是美國(guó)的城市。

      公式353

      主語(yǔ)+with/togetherwith/except/but/like/as well as...+謂語(yǔ)

      ● The mother along with her two children goes to the park everyweekend.那位母親和她的兩個(gè)孩子每個(gè)周末都要去公園。

      公式354

      class/family/group/team等+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)/復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)

      ● The class is the best one in the grade.這個(gè)班是年級(jí)中最好的。

      ● The whole class are listening to the teachercarefully.全班同學(xué)都在認(rèn)真地聽(tīng)老師講課。

      該類集體名詞作主語(yǔ),側(cè)重整體時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);

      當(dāng)表示多個(gè)這樣的整體時(shí),也可以有自己的復(fù)數(shù)形式。側(cè)重整體中的個(gè)體成員時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

      公式355

      some/any/all/therest/分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)等+of+單數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)

      ● Some of the money was spent on clothes.一些錢花在了衣服上。

      公式356

      some/any/all/therest/分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)等+of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)

      ● All of the people have gone.所有的人都走了。

      公式357

      one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)

      ● Zhang Ning is one of the students who werepraised at the meeting.張寧是會(huì)議上受表?yè)P(yáng)的學(xué)生之一。

      公式358

      only one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)

      ● He is the only one of players in our schoolwho has taken the first prize.他是我們學(xué)校唯一一位獲得一等獎(jiǎng)的選手。

      公式359

      ...or.../either...or.../neither...nor.../notonly...but (also)...+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

      謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于與之最靠近的名詞或代詞。

      ● No food or water is allowed to be taken with.不準(zhǔn)帶食物和水。

      公式360

      There be...

      be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于與之最靠近的名詞或代詞。

      ● There are four chairs and two tables in theroom.房間里有四把椅子和兩張桌子。

      公式361

      There be肯定句式:There (+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+be+主語(yǔ)...

      be動(dòng)詞前可用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,也可用助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)。

      ● There is a lot of meat on the plate.盤子里有很多肉。

      ● There will be more serious air pollution ifpeople use more and more cars.如果人們?cè)絹?lái)越多地使用汽車,那么空氣污染將會(huì)更加嚴(yán)重。

      公式362

      There be否定句式:

      There+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not+be

      ● There isn’t a telephone in the room.房間里沒(méi)有電話。

      公式363

      There be否定句式:

      There+be+not/no+主語(yǔ)...

      ● There will not be any football match thisweekend.這個(gè)周末沒(méi)有任何足球比賽。

      公式364

      There be的一般疑問(wèn)句式:Be動(dòng)詞+there

      ● —Are there anymagazines on the shelf?書(shū)架上有雜志嗎?

      公式365

      There be的一般疑問(wèn)句式:助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+there+be(+any)+主語(yǔ)...?

      ● Has there been an accident?出過(guò)事故嗎?

      公式366

      There be的特殊疑問(wèn)句式:特殊疑問(wèn)詞(+名詞)+be動(dòng)詞+there...?

      ● How many people are there in your family?你家有幾口人?

      公式367

      There be的特殊疑問(wèn)句式:特殊疑問(wèn)詞(+名詞)+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+there+be...?

      ● What did there use to be?那里過(guò)去有什么?

      公式368

      There+stand/lie/live等+主語(yǔ)...

      There be句式中的be動(dòng)詞可用動(dòng)詞stand,lie, live等替換。

      ● There stands a temple on the top of themountain.山頂上有一座廟。

      公式369

      There seems(seemed)/appears(appeared)to be+主語(yǔ)...

      ● There seems to be a lack of communication.看起來(lái)是缺乏溝通。

      公式370

      強(qiáng)調(diào)句:Itis/was...that/who...

      被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是指人的名詞時(shí),用who或that皆可,其他情況皆用that。

      ● It was Jack and Mary that/who met with afunnylooking man yesterday.昨天是杰克和瑪麗遇見(jiàn)了一個(gè)樣子滑稽可笑的男人。

      公式371

      強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問(wèn)句式:Is/Was it...that/who...?

      ● Is it your brother who works in that company?是你哥哥在那家公司工作嗎?

      公式372

      強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句式:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+is/wasit that...?

      ● Why was it that he cried yesterday?他昨天究竟為什么哭?

      公式373

      倒裝: No/Never/Hardly/Seldom/Little等+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)...

      表示否定意義的詞置于句首時(shí),句子用部分倒裝。

      ● We laugh at jokes, but seldom do we thinkabout how they work.我們聽(tīng)到笑話會(huì)笑,但是從來(lái)沒(méi)想過(guò)笑話是怎樣讓我們發(fā)笑的。

      公式374

      倒裝:So...+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)...+that...

      在so... that...句式中,so...部分置于句首時(shí),主句用部分倒裝。

      ● So fast does light travel that we can hardlyimagine its speed.光速很快,我們幾乎沒(méi)法想象它的速度。

      公式375

      倒裝:Only+狀語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)...

      only強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí),句子/主句用部分倒裝。

      ● Only if you eat the correct foods will you beable to keep fit and stay healthy.只有合理膳食才會(huì)保持身體健康。

      公式376

      倒裝:Not until...+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)...

      時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)not until...置于句首時(shí),句子/主句用部分倒裝。

      ● Not until he left his home did he begin to know how important the familywas for him.直到離開(kāi)家他才開(kāi)始明白家庭對(duì)于他是多么重要。

      公式377

      倒裝:Not only...+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)...but also...

      not only...置于句首時(shí),其所在的分句用部分倒裝。

      ● Not only does he do well in his lessons, buthe often helps others with their lessons.他不但自己學(xué)習(xí)好,還經(jīng)常幫助別人學(xué)習(xí)。

      公式378

      倒裝:Hardly had+主語(yǔ)...+when...

      No sooner had+主語(yǔ)...+than....hardly,no sooner 置于句首時(shí),hardly, no sooner所在的句子用部分倒裝。

      ● Hardly had he uttered the words when shebegan laughing. 他剛一開(kāi)口說(shuō)話,她就笑了。

      公式379

      倒裝:So/Neither/Nor+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)

      表示前面所說(shuō)的情況也適合另外一者或一者也具備另外一種情況,意為“也(不)”。前面是否定句時(shí)用neither/nor,前面是肯定句時(shí)用so;動(dòng)詞的形式與前面的句子一致。

      ● Jane comes from Canada. So does Mary.簡(jiǎn)來(lái)自加拿大,瑪麗也是。

      公式380

      倒裝:up/down/away/infront of...+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)

      ● Up wentthe rocket.火箭升上了天。

      公式381

      倒裝: 分詞短語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)

      ● Seated in the front were the guests.坐在前排的是客人。

      公式382

      倒裝:Here/There/Now+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)

      ● Here comes the bus!公共汽車來(lái)了!

      公式383

      省略:I’dlike/love/be glad/be happy to

      ● —Would you like tojoin me for a quick lunch before class?你愿意課前與我一起吃頓簡(jiǎn)單的午飯嗎?

      —I’d like to, but Ipromised Nancy to go out with her.我愿意,可是我已經(jīng)答應(yīng)跟南希一起出去了。

      公式384

      if/when/while/unless/as+分詞

      ● The flowers his friend gave him will dieunless watered every day.除非天天澆水,否則朋友送他的花就會(huì)死掉。

      公式385

      as...aspossible/sb.can 表示“盡可能……”。

      ● Please come as soon as possible you can.請(qǐng)盡量早來(lái)。

      公式386

      if necessary/possible/any/ever表示“如果有必要/可能/有/曾……”。

      ● —Have you got anyparticular plans for the coming holiday?對(duì)即將來(lái)臨的假期你有特別的計(jì)劃了嗎?

      —Yes, if possible, I’mgoing to visit some homes for the old in the city.是的,如果可能的話,我將去這個(gè)城市的幾處老年之家看看。

      公式387

      Why (not) do...?why (not)后一般跟動(dòng)詞原形,很少出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)或動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,含有較強(qiáng)的建議意味。

      ● Why not go and ask the teacher for help?為什么不去找老師幫忙?

      ● Why not relax and enjoy the fresh air?為什么不休息一下,呼吸點(diǎn)新鮮空氣呢?

      公式388

      主語(yǔ)+do/does/did

      do替代謂語(yǔ),有人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。

      ● John spoke German as fluently as Mary didwhen they studied in middle school.中學(xué)時(shí),約翰的德語(yǔ)說(shuō)得跟瑪麗一樣流利。

      公式389

      主語(yǔ)+do/does/did+so

      該結(jié)構(gòu)表示同一人所做的、前面剛提到過(guò)的同一動(dòng)作,so指代剛提到過(guò)的想法、行動(dòng)、品質(zhì)、情況等。

      ● The teacher asked him to hand in hiscomposition at once and he did so.老師讓他立刻交上作文,他就這么做了。

      公式390

      主語(yǔ)+do/does/did+that/it替代前面剛剛提到的動(dòng)作,但動(dòng)詞do的主語(yǔ)與前面所提到的句子的主語(yǔ)不同。

      ● —Do you know whobroke the window?你知道是誰(shuí)打破的窗戶嗎?

      —I heard John did that.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)是約翰做的。

      公式391

      ...that+間接引語(yǔ)

      直接引語(yǔ)為陳述句時(shí),間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,引述動(dòng)詞主要有say,tell, repeat, explain, think等。

      ● He said to me, “I have left my bookin your room.”→He told me that he had left his book in my room.他告訴我他把書(shū)落在我的房間里了。

      公式392

      ...if/whether+間接引語(yǔ)

      直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句或反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí),間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)為if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,且倒裝語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。

      ● “Do you like Beckham?” she said tome.→She asked me if/whether I liked Beckham.她問(wèn)我是否喜歡貝克漢姆。

      公式393

      ...whether...or+間接引語(yǔ)

      直接引語(yǔ)為選擇疑問(wèn)句時(shí),間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)為whether... or...引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,倒裝語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。

      ● I asked him, “Will you stay athome or go to school?”→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to school.我問(wèn)他是待在家里還是去上學(xué)。

      公式394

      ...特殊疑問(wèn)詞+間接引語(yǔ)

      直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí),間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)為由原疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,倒裝語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。

      ● He asked, “Where do you live?”→He asked mewhere I lived.他問(wèn)我住在哪里。

      公式395

      ...ask/tell/beg等+賓語(yǔ)+to do

      直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句時(shí),間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)為不定式短語(yǔ),如果祈使句為否定式,還要在不定式前加not。

      ● The teacher said to the students, “Be quiet,please.”→The teacher asked the students to be quiet.老師要求學(xué)生們保持安靜。

      公式396

      ...what/how/that+間接引語(yǔ)

      直接引語(yǔ)為感嘆句時(shí),間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)為how, what, that等引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

      ● She said, “What a lovely day itis!”→She said what a lovely day it was./She said that it was a lovelyday.她說(shuō)天氣很好。

      公式397

      “一隨主”原則該原則是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),直接引語(yǔ)中的第一人稱代詞要按引述動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)的人稱變化。

      ● She said, “I saw him lastnight.”→She said she had seen him the night before.她說(shuō)她前一天晚上看見(jiàn)過(guò)他。

      公式398

      “二隨賓”原則該原則是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),直接引語(yǔ)中的第二人稱代詞要按引述動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)的人稱變化。

      ● He said to Kate, “How is yoursister now?”→He asked Kate how her sister was then.他問(wèn)凱特她妹妹那時(shí)怎么樣了。

      公式399

      “第三人稱不更新”原則該原則是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),直接引語(yǔ)中的第三人稱代詞一般不需要變化。

      ● Mr Smith said, “Jack is a goodworkmate.”→Mr Smith said that Jack was a good workmate.史密斯先生說(shuō)杰克是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的同事。

      公式400

      主語(yǔ)+did+that+主語(yǔ)+did/had done...

      引述動(dòng)詞用了過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)要相應(yīng)地變?yōu)檫^(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。

      ● “I never get up before 8 a.m. on Sundays,” he said.→He said that he never got up before 8 a.m. onSundays.他說(shuō)他星期天上午從未在8點(diǎn)之前起床。

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