保羅·高更

Paul Gauguin

與凡高、塞尚并稱后印象派三大巨匠

各自走上自己獨(dú)立的人生和藝術(shù)道路

他把繪畫的本質(zhì)看作是

某種獨(dú)立于自然之外的東西

當(dāng)成記憶中經(jīng)驗(yàn)的一種創(chuàng)造

英國(guó)作家毛姆曾以高更的經(jīng)歷為藍(lán)本

寫過一部著名小說《月亮和六便士》讓高更

出眾的才華與過人的勇氣

得到世人關(guān)注

18486月7日，出生于巴黎

1873與丹麥籍女子梅特蘇菲·嘉絲結(jié)婚

熟練的工作處事經(jīng)驗(yàn)使高更在此時(shí)已成為證券經(jīng)紀(jì)公司交易的專家

The Forest Path

1874

8月，長(zhǎng)男艾彌爾出生

經(jīng)常參觀巴黎的畫廊與展覽會(huì)

在杜朗·里埃及貝爾·坦基的畫廊

開始購(gòu)藏印象派畫家的作品

源于直覺的一類美和經(jīng)過模仿的另一類美。

兩者的結(jié)合，加上必要的修飾，

就能產(chǎn)生一種偉大而又非常復(fù)雜的多樣性

Portrait of Claude Antoine Charles Favre

Portrait of Ingeborg Thaulow

1878

夏日休暇時(shí)同畢沙羅一起

到龐達(dá)凡度假作畫

Apple-Trees in Blossom

Geese on the farm

Riverside (Breton landscape)

Snow at Vaugirard

The market gardens of Vaugirard

Vaugirard church

Winter Landscape

1880

以油畫7件、大理石胸像1件

參加第五屆印象派畫展

Clay jug and irin mug

Flowers and carpet (Pansies)

Houses at Vaugirard

Mandolin on a chair

Still life with fruit plate

1881

以油畫8件

參加第六屆印象派畫展

Banks of the Oise

Corner of the garden rue Carsal

Flowers and carpet

Interior of the Painter’s House, rue Carcel

4月，三男詹爾奈出生

Party wall

Pissarro’s Garden, Pontoise

Pond with Ducks (Girl Amusing Herself)

夏天與畢沙羅、塞尚

在龐達(dá)凡度過

River bank in winter

Still life with Oranges

Still life. Vase with flowers on the window

年底，決定專心作畫

The Queen’s Mill

Young Girl Dreaming (Study of a Child Asleep)

Bouquet of Sunflowers

1882

以12件油畫與粉彩畫

1件胸像雕刻

參加第七屆印象派畫展

At the Window

Aube the Sculptor and His Son

Blue Barge

Bouquet of flowers

Flowers and Japanese book

Gratte roosters path

Mountain landscape

Quarries at Pontoise

1883

1月

在自己繪畫天賦召喚之下

辭去股票經(jīng)紀(jì)公司的工作

投身繪畫創(chuàng)作，每天作畫

曾團(tuán)結(jié)一批未成熟的青年

畫家組成蓬塔旺畫派

Aline Gauguin and one of her brothers

Double portrait of a young girl (Mademoiselle Lafuite)

Farm in Osny

Garden In Rue Carcel

Harbour Scene, Dieppe

Ingeborg Thaulow

12 月

羅倫（波拉）出生

準(zhǔn)備移居巴黎郊外的浮翁

Mandolina and Flowers

Osny, rue de Pontoise, Winter

Quarry hole in the cliff

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高更的早期繪畫，帶有實(shí)驗(yàn)性，也很拘謹(jǐn)，令人聯(lián)

想起在巴比松畫派（Barbizon School）影向下畢沙

羅的作品。色彩略見后來發(fā)展的跡象，但仍很拘謹(jǐn)。

他把顏色做塊面處理，自由地加重色澤的明亮感：

例如以鮮亮的藍(lán)色畫陰影，以紅色畫屋頂，而使之

自背景中突出。

‥

Stream in Osny

Street in Osny

The farm in Grue

The garden in winter, rue Carcel

Tomatoes and a pewter tankard on a table

Village street, Osny

1884

1月

與妻子和五個(gè)兒女

一起移居浮翁

A Henhouse

Abandoned garden in Rouen

An Orchard under the Church of Bihorel

Basket of flowers

Blue roofs of Rouen

Bouquet

Bust of a Nude Girl

Clovis Gauguin asleep

Hillside

Landscape near Onsy

年底移居丹麥哥本哈根

兼任法國(guó)商社代理人

Mette Gauguin in an Evening Dress

Nasturtiums & dahlias in a basket

Near Rouen

Normandy Landscape-Cow in a Meadow

Notre Dame des Agnes

Orchard under the Church of Bihorel (Children in the Pasture)

Osny, the gate of Busagny farm

Portrait of a seated man

Portrait of Aline

Portrait of Isidore Gauguin

Returning from the harvest (Manuring)

Rouen at spring

Rouen suburb

Rue Jouvenet, Rouen

Skaters in Fredericksberg park

Street in Rouen

Sunken Lane

The artist’s children

The cliffs of Le-Bouille

The Port Of Rouen

The road up

The Square Pong

Two Cows in the Meadow

Vase of Peonies

Wooded Path

Young Woman Lying in a Grass

Bare Trees

Bathing, Dieppe

Boy by the Water

By the Stream, Autumn

Cattle Drinking

Cliff near Dieppe

Conversation

Dahlias in a copper vase

Donkey by Lane

Evening Primroses in the Vase

與家庭斷絕關(guān)系

過著孤獨(dú)的生活

面臨經(jīng)濟(jì)窮困狀態(tài)

持續(xù)作畫

Flower and a Bird

Geese in the meadow

Haymaking near Dieppe

Horse and Cow in a Meadow

Landscape with cows in an Orchard

Lilac bouquet

Oestervold Park, Copenhagen

Pere Jean’s Path

Portrait of Achille Granchi Taylor

‥

并通過畢沙羅卷入了印象主義的天地。受到印象派

朋友的影響開始作畫，還受到象征主義，日本版畫

以及而聽文學(xué)等多種因素的影響。高更總是向往著

遠(yuǎn)方，留戀那些具有異國(guó)情調(diào)的地方，他要求拋棄

現(xiàn)代文明以及古典文化的阻礙，回到更簡(jiǎn)單、更基

本的原始生活方式中去，他很愿意過野人的生活，

這使他在39歲時(shí)踏上了去巴拿馬和馬提尼島的旅行

在那里找到了自己期望的東西：茂密的植物、永遠(yuǎn)

蔚藍(lán)的天空、慷慨的大自然、簡(jiǎn)樸的生活。

‥

Portrait of Philibert Favre

Red roof by the water

Self Portrait

Stabble near Dieppe

Still Life of Onions and Pigeons and Room Interior in Copenhagen

Still Life with a Mandolin

Still life with carafe and ceramic figure

The Forest Edge

Two vases of flowers and a fan

Watering Place

White House

Willows

Winter’s End

Women bathing (Dieppe)

1886

19件油畫參加

第八屆印象派畫展

（最后一屆）

Bathing in Front of the Port of Pont-Aven

Bathing Place

Bordeaux Harbour

Breton Woman

Clovis

6月

首次到布爾塔紐

滯留在龐達(dá)凡

會(huì)見艾彌爾·貝納

Coastal Landscape

Cows on the Seashore

Farm in Brittany

Fire by the Water

Four Breton Women

11月

回到巴黎見到梵高

Fruit in a Bowl

Fruit

Landscape at Pont-Aven

Lollichon Field

Lollichon’s Field and the Church of Pont-Aven

12月

生病，住過巴黎的醫(yī)院

Pont-Aven woman and child

Pots and Boquets

Red Hat

Rocks and Sea

Schooner and three masters

Stabble near Dieppe

Still Life with Cherries

Still life with horse’s head

Still Life with Profile of Laval

Still life with white bowl

Suburb under snow

La Belle Angele

The boss’s daughter

The vase of nasturtiums

Vase of Flowers

A Litter Washerman

A Seashore

Around the Huts

At the Pond

Coastal Landscape from Martinique

4月

妻子來到巴黎

帶走克羅維斯

Huts under Trees

Madame Alexandre Kohler

4月10日

乘船到巴拿馬

到馬蒂尼克島罹患赤痢

11月回到巴黎

Mango pickers (Martinique)

Martinique Landscape

他與印象派決裂提出藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)的“綜合”

Still life with mangoes and hibiscus

Tropical Conversation

Tropical Landscape, Martinique

Two Girls Bathing

1888

從2月到10月

兩度赴龐達(dá)凡

與貝納、拉瓦爾一起作畫

走向綜合主義

Breton Woman and Goose by the Water

A little cat

Apples in bowl

Aven running through Pont-Aven

Blue Trees

Bouquet of Flowers with a Window Open to the Sea (Reverse of Hay-Making in Brittany)

他前往不列塔尼的阿凡橋

結(jié)識(shí)了貝納（Bernard）

貝納的一些觀念受到高更修正和潤(rùn)飾

而形成今日為人所知的

“綜合主義”（synthetism）

運(yùn)動(dòng)的理論基礎(chǔ)

Breton Boy by the Aven River

Breton Boys Wrestling

Breton Fisherman

Breton girls dancing

Breton Woman with a Pitcher

Breton Women at the Turn

Captain Jacob

Cottages on Mount Sainte Marguerite

Cove opposite Pont-Aven Harbor

étude pour La Ronde des petites Bretonnes

Fisherman and bathers on the Aven

簡(jiǎn)化了巨大形狀

均勻單一的色彩

分割主義，無陰影的光

素描與顏色的抽象化，超脫自然

這就是高更所發(fā)現(xiàn)和創(chuàng)立的藝術(shù)

Fruits

Grape Harvest at Arles

Haymaking in Brittany

Head of a Breton (Marie Louarn)

In the Heat (The Pigs)

Kneeling cow

Landscape at Arles

但是他的這種幻想和藝術(shù)

在自己國(guó)家處處走投無路

Landscape near Arles

Landscape of Brittany

Landscape with geese

Lane at alchamps, Arles

10月20日

赴法國(guó)南部的阿爾

與梵高共同生活

Laveuses à Arles

Les Alyscamps

Little breton bather

Madame Roulin

11月

在梵高弟弟迪奧的籌辦下

舉行首次個(gè)人展覽

Mas, near Arles

Meadow at the banks of Aven

12月24日夜

發(fā)生梵高割耳事件之后

高更回到巴黎

Night Cafe, Arles

Self-Portrait with Portrait of Gauguin, Emile Bernard

?

正好40歲精力充沛而有主見，保留著尊貴高傲之氣

他是位具有強(qiáng)烈個(gè)性、惹人討厭又招人喜歡的人，

粗魯和高雅并存，他總是強(qiáng)烈要求自我表達(dá)，要證

明自己的價(jià)值。

?

Still-Life with Three Puppies

The Painter of Sunflowers (Portrait of Vincent van Gogh)

The Wave

the swineherd brittany

The Vision After The Sermon (Jacob Wrestling With The Angel)

Washerwomen At Roubine Du Roi

Self-portrait with Halo

At the Beach

At the Black Rocks

Beach at Le Pouldu

Bonjour Monsieur Gauguin

Breton Eve

Breton Women

Human Misery, from the Volpini Suite

In the waves (Odine)

Jeune Bretonne au bord de la mer

Pleasures of Brittany

Portrait of Meijer de Haan by Lamplight

4月至秋天

在龐達(dá)凡作畫

The Yellow Christ

Seated Breton Girl

Self Portrait as “Christ on the Mount of Olives”

The Flageolet Player On The Cliff

The Green Christ or The Calvary

The Ham

The milkmaid

Madame la Mort

Meules de foin en Bretagne

Nirvana (also known as Portrait of Meyer de Hasn)

Portraits of Paul and Jean Schuffenecker

Landscape with Black Pigs and a Crouching Tahitian

atelier schuffenecker

Faaturuma (Mélancolie)

Orana Maria

portrait of suzanne bambridge

Road in Tahiti

Tahitian Women on the Beach

Te vahine fa'atūruma (La Boudeuse)

The Loss of Virginity (The Awakening of Spring)

The Man with an Axe

Tiare Farani (Flowers of France)

Vahine no te tiare (Woman with a Flower)

Young Man with a Flower Behind His Ear

The Sacred Mountain (Parahi Te Marae)

Are You Jealous？ (Aha Oe Feii)

Joyeusete

la siesta

Landscape with Blue Trees

Landscape with Peacocks

生命的熱情何在

高更的塔西提手記

Mata mua - In Olden Times

Nafea Faa Ipoipo (When Will You Marry？)

Parau na te Varua ino (Words of the Devil)

Tahitian women under the palms

Te aa no Areois (The seed of the Areoi)

The morning

Woman with a Mango

持芒果的少女

sprit of the dead

游魂

Women at the Riverside

1893

2月至4月

視力衰弱無法作畫

Gauguin, Mucha, & friends at Rue de la Grande Chaumière, Paris

5月回到法國(guó)

Among The Lillies

Illustration in the Noa-Noa Album, Tahiti

MoMA

Noa Noa Suite-Delightful Land

8月

在奧勒安的叔父去世

高更接受其遺產(chǎn)

在巴黎畫室與女子安娜同居

Portrait of Louis Roy

Self Portrait with Palette

Self Portrait

Self-Portrait in a Hat

Tahitian mountains

Tahitian Pastorals

Te Atua (The Gods)

Tehamana Has Many Parents (The Ancestors Of Tehamana)

Breton Peasant Women (‘Paysannes bretonnes’)

Christmas Night (The Blessing of the Oxen)

Farm In Brittany

Flowers In A Fruit Bowl

Landscape in Brittany - The David Mill

Lying Girl Afraid of Spirits of the Dead

11月回到巴黎

作一系列十大張

與《諾亞·諾亞》有關(guān)的木刻畫

Mahana no Atua (Day of the Gods, Jour de Dieu)

Paris in the Snow

Sacred Spring

The Guitar Player

Upaupa Schneklud (The Player Schneklud)

The Child

Canoe and Tahitian Family

No te aha oe Riri

Portrait Of A Young Woman, Vaite (Jeanne) Goupil

Savage Poems

scene from tahitian life

Self Portrait (Place of the Skull)

self portrait

Still Life With Teapot And Fruits

Te tamari no atua (The birth of a Christ)

Trois Tahitiennes, Paul Gauguin

Vase Of Flowers

1897

得知女兒阿莉妮去世的消息

深為悲痛與絕望

Where Do We Come From？ What Are We？ Where Are We Going？

Nevermore (O Taiti)

Bathers at Tahiti

1898

The White Horse

Two Tahitian Women

Three Tahitian Women Against a Yellow Background

three tahitians

woman_boy

Tahitian Woman with Evil Spirit

And the Gold of Their Bodies

Flight

Still Life With L'Esperance

Still life with sunflowers on armchair

tahitian idyll

Tahitian Woman And Two Children

Two Women aka Mother and Daughter

Crouching Tahitian Woman

Girl With A Fan

Nativité

島上發(fā)生紛爭(zhēng)

Still life with Parrots

The Magician of Hivaoa

Two women(a.k.a Flowered hair)

1903

5月8日

心臟病發(fā)作死去

巴黎伏拉德畫廊舉辦高更畫展

巴黎秋季沙龍舉行高更追悼會(huì)