買賣合同 PURCHASE CONTRACT 編號(hào)(No.): 本合同于XX年XX月XX日由以下雙方共同簽訂: This purchase contract is made on [date], by and between: 【 】公司,依中華人民共和國法律注冊(cè)成立,其法定地址為【 】,(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“買方”)。 【 】, a company incorporated under the laws of People’s Republic of China with its registered office in 【 】 (hereinafter called “the Buyer”) . 和/and 【 】公司,依【 】法律注冊(cè)成立,其法定地址為【 】,(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“賣方”)。 【 】, a company incorporated under the laws of 【 】 with its registered office in 【 】 (hereinafter called “the Seller”). 【審查要素】 ①涉外貿(mào)易合同具有國際性。所謂國際性,可以有很多的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),比如貿(mào)易雙方擁有不同的國籍、貿(mào)易雙方分處不同的營業(yè)地、貨物跨越國境進(jìn)行交易等。 ②應(yīng)首先對(duì)對(duì)方是否有權(quán)簽署合同進(jìn)行審查,包括但不限于對(duì)方的主體性質(zhì)(如Unincorporated Joint Venture是否有資格作為獨(dú)立責(zé)任主體簽署合同等)、對(duì)方派出的代表是否已獲得相應(yīng)授權(quán)進(jìn)行審查與提示。 雙方同意本合同有效期內(nèi),買方及其關(guān)聯(lián)方(如附件所列)將向賣方及其關(guān)聯(lián)方采購產(chǎn)品,賣方及其關(guān)聯(lián)方將根據(jù)本合同及已接受的買方及其關(guān)聯(lián)方訂單供應(yīng)產(chǎn)品,本合同及其附件約定的條款和條件適用于該等產(chǎn)品訂單。買方將保證買方關(guān)聯(lián)方知悉并執(zhí)行本條款約定。賣方將保證賣方關(guān)聯(lián)方知悉并執(zhí)行本條款約定。在合同項(xiàng)下,雙方同意按下述條款買賣下述商品: During the period of validity, the Buyer and its affiliated parties purchase products from the Seller and its affiliated parties. Meanwhile, the Seller and its affiliated parties supply products to the Buyer and its affiliated parties according to contract hereof and the related orders. The agreed clause and terms of contract hereof and its appendixes are suitable to the products. The Buyer and its affiliated parties acknowledge and implement clause hereof. The Seller and its affiliated parties acknowledge and implement clause hereof. Whereby the Buyer agree to buy and the Seller agree to sell the under-mentioned commodity on the terms and conditions stipulated below: 1.貨物 COMMODITY :
【審查要素】 ①針對(duì)買方:應(yīng)盡量明確標(biāo)的貨物具體質(zhì)量和數(shù)量情況,包括但不限于標(biāo)的貨物的原產(chǎn)地、規(guī)格、含量、貨物需達(dá)到的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、買方能接受的誤差范圍,是否對(duì)標(biāo)的貨物進(jìn)行封樣等。特別需注意的是,往往我國企業(yè)在與國際大型供應(yīng)商交易時(shí),對(duì)方會(huì)強(qiáng)勢(shì)地使用其格式合同,這種所謂的格式合同中通常會(huì)含有“貨物質(zhì)量以賣方提供為準(zhǔn),買方需無條件接受”之類的霸王條款,遇到該類顯失公平的條款,建議企業(yè)依據(jù)國際供需市場(chǎng)需求據(jù)理力爭(zhēng),在能促成交易的情況下規(guī)避此類風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 ②針對(duì)賣方:重點(diǎn)應(yīng)注意審查對(duì)方提出的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),看清是適用中國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)還是歐洲標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等其他標(biāo)準(zhǔn),應(yīng)注意其產(chǎn)品能否達(dá)到相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 2.生產(chǎn)國別及制造廠商 COUNTRY OF ORIGIN AND MANUFACTURERS: 生產(chǎn)國別(Country of origin): 銷售方(Sales party): 3.裝運(yùn)期限 TIME OF SHIPMENT: (1)所有貨物應(yīng)于收到銀行L/C副本起60天內(nèi)出運(yùn)。 All commodity shall be shipped out within 60 days after receive the L/C copy. (2) □ 允許分批裝運(yùn),第一批貨物出運(yùn)不應(yīng)遲于 。 Partial shipment is allowed, and the first shipment should be made before . □ 不允許分批裝運(yùn). Partial shipment is not allowed. 4.裝運(yùn)港 PORT OF SHIPMENT: 5.目的港 PORT OF DESTINATION: 【審查要素】 ①對(duì)裝運(yùn)日期的簽訂要明確并留有余地。 例如,在國際貨物買賣合同中,在以已收到信用證作為裝運(yùn)前提時(shí),為避免買方拖延或拒絕開證,賣方就應(yīng)在合同中訂明“買方最遲于x月x日前將信用證開抵賣方”。 ②合同中要明確注明裝運(yùn)港與目的港。 裝運(yùn)港與目的港是價(jià)格術(shù)語不可缺少的組成部分,它們決定買賣雙方的責(zé)任、費(fèi)用與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的分擔(dān)。所以,一定要按照價(jià)格術(shù)語的要求注明裝運(yùn)港與目的港。同時(shí),如果合同中訂有選擇港,則要明確約定增加的運(yùn)費(fèi)、附加費(fèi)用由誰承擔(dān)。 ③注意對(duì)特殊裝運(yùn)條件的約定。 例如,如果目的港市沒有直達(dá)船掛靠或只有船期少而不固定的港口,合同中應(yīng)訂明“允許轉(zhuǎn)船”的條款。對(duì)于一次成交的大宗商品,在備貨緊張或運(yùn)輸工具受限制的情況下,合同雙方應(yīng)在合同中附加“允許分批裝運(yùn)”的條件。 ④重視裝船通知工作。 裝船通知的目的在于做好派船、裝船、投保、接貨4個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的銜接工作。因此,對(duì)于裝船通知工作,各方也要加以重視。 在FOB合同中,賣方應(yīng)在備好貨、裝船期開始前通知買方,以便買方及時(shí)派船;買方則應(yīng)在接到通知后,及時(shí)把預(yù)定到達(dá)裝運(yùn)港的船名、泊位及到港日期及時(shí)通知賣方,以便賣方裝船;賣方裝船時(shí)則應(yīng)及時(shí)通知買方,以便買方投保。 在CIF、CFR合同中,賣方在貨物裝船后,應(yīng)立即將合同號(hào)、貨品、數(shù)量、質(zhì)量、 船名及到達(dá)日期通知買方,以便買方做好接貨準(zhǔn)備。這都是買賣雙方需要加以了解、重視的。 6.保險(xiǎn) INSURANCE: 由 負(fù)責(zé) To be borne by the . 【審查要素】 ①保險(xiǎn)條款的主要內(nèi)容包括確定投保人及支付保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)、投保險(xiǎn)別和保險(xiǎn)金額。 在國際貨物買賣中,大部分是FOB、CIF、CFR合同,因此,保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任和費(fèi)用的承擔(dān)由當(dāng)事人選用的貿(mào)易術(shù)語決定。在FOB和CFR合同中,買方自行投保、自負(fù)費(fèi)用,所以保險(xiǎn)條款相對(duì)比較簡(jiǎn)單, 需在合同中寫明“買方投?!奔纯?。而在CIF合同中,由賣方投保并將支付的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)加在貨價(jià)上。因此,在制定保險(xiǎn)條款時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾個(gè)問題:第一,賣方在替買方投保后,應(yīng)把保險(xiǎn)單及時(shí)交給買方;第二,明確訂單采用的保險(xiǎn)條款名稱;第三,注意保險(xiǎn)公司的特殊規(guī)定。 7.包裝 PACKING: 所供貨物必須由賣方用適合遠(yuǎn)洋及長(zhǎng)途內(nèi)陸運(yùn)輸、防潮、防濕、防震、防銹、耐野蠻裝卸的全新堅(jiān)固木箱/紙箱包裝,以確保貨物不致由上述原因受損。任何由于包裝不妥善導(dǎo)致之任何損失均由賣方負(fù)擔(dān)。另外,進(jìn)口貨物的木制包裝需符合進(jìn)口國質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)檢疫部門的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并標(biāo)有出口國的“IPPC”標(biāo)志。 To be packed in new strong wooden case(s)/carton(s) suitable for long distance ocean and inland transportation and well protected against dampness, moisture, shock, rust and rough handling. The seller shall be liable for any damage to the goods on account of improper packing and for any rust damage attributable to inadequate or improper protective measures taken by the seller, and in such case or cases any and all losses and/or expenses incurred in consequence thereof shall be borne by the Seller. Apart from that, All wooden-packing material associated with consignment to China should be treated with measures approved by AQSIQ and labeled with IPPC mark by manufacturers certified by plant quarantine authorities of exporting countries or regions. 8.嘜頭SHIPPING MARK: 賣方必須用不褪色的油漆于每一包裝箱上印刷合包裝編號(hào)、尺碼、毛重、凈重、提吊位置、“此端向上”、“小心輕放”、“保持干燥”等字樣及下列嘜頭: On the surface of each package, the package number, measurement, gross weight, net weight, the lifting positions, warnings such as “THIS SIDE UP” , “HANDLE WITH CARE”, “KEEP AWAY FROM MOISTURE” and the following shipping mark shall be stenciled legibly in fade-less paint: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXX, CHINA PRODUCTION DATE: EXPIRATION DATE: 【審查要素】 ①應(yīng)當(dāng)明確包裝的材料、造型和規(guī)格。 包裝條款中,應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)包裝的材料、造型和規(guī)格加以明確約定。除包裝為買方所知的傳統(tǒng)商品外,不應(yīng)使用諸如“適合海運(yùn)包裝”這類含義不清的詞句。 ②對(duì)包裝費(fèi)用要加以明確約定。 國際貨物買賣合同中,包裝費(fèi)用一般都包含在貨價(jià)之內(nèi)。如果買方要求特殊包裝,則應(yīng)該在合同中加以明確約定,由買方自付費(fèi)用,以防范發(fā)生合同糾紛。 對(duì)于因包裝不當(dāng)引起的損失如何承擔(dān)的問題,也應(yīng)該在包裝的具體細(xì)節(jié)中加以明確約定。 ③重視包裝中的“嘜頭”內(nèi)容。 當(dāng)買方提供包裝、包裝材料或運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志指定“嘜頭”時(shí),應(yīng)當(dāng)在合同中注明買方提供的時(shí)間,以保證備貨、及時(shí)出運(yùn)及結(jié)匯等。明確在由此造成延遲交貨或拒付貨款時(shí),雙方的責(zé)任如何承擔(dān)。 應(yīng)當(dāng)盡量采用聯(lián)合國推薦的由收貨人簡(jiǎn)稱或代號(hào)、訂單號(hào)或合同號(hào)或其他重要單據(jù)號(hào)、目的地、箱(件)號(hào)、總件數(shù)(以此順序)組成的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)嘜頭。企業(yè)還應(yīng)當(dāng)注意各國有關(guān)包裝(包括“嘜頭”)的法律與禁忌,以及國際上對(duì)運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志的慣常要求及其變化等。 9.付款條件 TERM OF PAYMENT: (1)L/C 90天 (2)開證資料(Letter of Credit) 受益人銀行(Beneficiary Bank Name): 銀行地址(Bank Address): 銀行電話(TEL): A/C No.: Swift Code: 【審查要素】 ①根據(jù)買賣雙方的市場(chǎng)地位判斷使用信用證的種類,例如是使用遠(yuǎn)期信用、即期信用證亦或假遠(yuǎn)期信用證,因?yàn)椴煌N類的信用證對(duì)于雙方來說使用成本不同。 ②針對(duì)買方:應(yīng)根據(jù)合同的要求在信用證中對(duì)提單、保險(xiǎn)單、商業(yè)發(fā)票、質(zhì)檢證書等提出明確而具體的要求,防止賣方針對(duì)漏洞提交不符合合同而符合信用證的單據(jù)得到貨款;近洋運(yùn)輸時(shí),由于賣方寄出的單據(jù)可能在標(biāo)的貨物已到港后方能到達(dá),若買方堅(jiān)持提單到達(dá)后才提貨則會(huì)產(chǎn)生滯期費(fèi)等額外成本,若向銀行申請(qǐng)?zhí)嶝洆?dān)保,則銀行通常要求買方承諾無論是否存在不符點(diǎn)的情況,買方均需接受,應(yīng)綜合考慮交易對(duì)手資信狀況、滯期費(fèi)率等因素,引導(dǎo)業(yè)務(wù)部門作出最優(yōu)選擇。 ③針對(duì)賣方:應(yīng)在收到買方開出的信用證后方能發(fā)貨,最好能約定買方開出信用證的具體時(shí)間;注意審查信用證中是否存在陷阱條款,對(duì)業(yè)務(wù)部門做好事前風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提示。 10. 交貨條款DELIVERY TERM 本合同使用的交貨條款解釋適用國際商會(huì)《Incoterms 2010》 The delivery term stated in the contract shall be interpreted ia accordance with INCOTERMS (2010), published by International Chamber of Commerce, as the same may be amended from time to time. 【審查要素】 ①國際貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)姆绞接泻芏喾N,有海洋運(yùn)輸、鐵路運(yùn)輸、航空運(yùn)輸、集裝箱運(yùn)輸、國際多式聯(lián)運(yùn)運(yùn)輸、管道運(yùn)輸?shù)榷喾N方式。運(yùn)輸條款的審核要根據(jù)國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語。主要包括裝運(yùn)時(shí)間、裝運(yùn)港和目的港、是否分批裝運(yùn)以及裝運(yùn)通知等內(nèi)容。所以在審核時(shí)雙方必須明確國際商會(huì)制定的《2010年國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則》(即《INCOTERMS 2010》),該《規(guī)則》將其匯集的11種貿(mào)易術(shù)語分為兩類,并分別作了具體解釋。同時(shí),《2000年國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則》(即《INCOTERMS 2000》)并未失效,仍可由合同雙方選擇適用。 ②因此,在審理合同時(shí),合同中出現(xiàn)貿(mào)易術(shù)語后,必須指明是適用哪個(gè)版本的貿(mào)易術(shù)語。 11. 裝運(yùn)單據(jù) SHIPPING DOCUMENTS: 賣方必須提交所有報(bào)關(guān)所需的下列(包括但不限于)單據(jù)至付款行議付: The Seller shall present the following (including but not limited)documents the paying bank for negotiation: (1)□全套可議付已裝船清潔海運(yùn)提單,注明“運(yùn)費(fèi)已付”、空白抬頭、空白背書、并通知到貨口岸。 Full set of Negotiable Clean on Board Ocean Bill of Lading marked “FREIGHT PREPAID” and made out to order, blank endorsed, and notifying the port of destination. □2/3套可議付已裝船清潔海運(yùn)提單,注明“運(yùn)費(fèi)已付”、空白抬頭、空白背書、并通知到貨口岸, 1/3套在裝運(yùn)后6天內(nèi)直接用航空郵寄買方采購處。 2/3 sets of Negotiable Clean on Board Ocean Bills of Lading marked “FREIGHT PREPAID” and made out to order, blank endorsed, and notifying destination port, and 1/3 set be sent directly to the Purchasing Dept. of the Buyer by airmail within six(6) working days after the shipment. (2)商業(yè)發(fā)票一式五份,注明合同號(hào)及嘜頭。 Invoice in Quintuplicate, indicating contract number and shipping mark. (3)裝箱單一式三份,注明毛、凈重、尺碼和所裝貨物每項(xiàng)的品名數(shù)量。 Packing List in triplicate with indication of gross weights, net weights, measurements, name and quantity of each item packed. (4)由制造廠家簽字的品質(zhì)和數(shù)量證明書。 Certificate of Quality and Quantity/weight and Testing Report issued by the manufacturer. (5)原產(chǎn)地證書。 Certificate of Origin (6)包裝證明 Certificate of Packing □保險(xiǎn)單,應(yīng)包含戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)及一切險(xiǎn)。 Insurance Policy or Certificate, covering war risk and all risks 【審查要素】 國際貿(mào)易買賣合同中規(guī)定的有關(guān)單據(jù),是買賣雙方交接貨物、結(jié)算貨款、處理異議索賠和解決合同爭(zhēng)議的主要憑證。單據(jù)的種類有很多,主要包括運(yùn)輸單據(jù)、保險(xiǎn)單據(jù)、發(fā)票、包裝單據(jù)(主要包括裝箱單、重量單和尺碼單)、檢驗(yàn)證書和產(chǎn)地證書等。必要的單據(jù)雙方要約定,對(duì)于賣方而言,單據(jù)最好是不需要買方配合就能取得的單據(jù),否則如果無法取得,又是信用證要求的單據(jù),就會(huì)造成無法議付的情發(fā)生;審查單據(jù)條款時(shí),應(yīng)注意其內(nèi)容與合同其他條款的銜接,避免出現(xiàn)彼此抵觸的情況;在單據(jù)條款中,應(yīng)將單據(jù)的類別、名稱、份數(shù)等有關(guān)主要內(nèi)容具體列明,以利合同的履行。 12. 技術(shù)文件 TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS: 簽訂合同后30天內(nèi),賣方應(yīng)將下述資料一式兩套提交買方。發(fā)貨時(shí)賣方應(yīng)將下述技術(shù)資料每臺(tái)一整套與貨物一起包裝發(fā)運(yùn): Within 30 days after signing this Contract, the Seller should submit two sets of the following technical documents to the Buyer; Another complete set of the following technical documents per unit shall be packed and dispatched together with the commodity: □基礎(chǔ)圖。 Foundation drawings □布線說明,電氣接線圖。 Wiring instructions □安裝、操作和維修說明書。 Installation,operation and maintenance instructions □物質(zhì)安全數(shù)據(jù)表MSDS Material Safty Data Sheet □產(chǎn)品分析單COA Certificate of Analysis 13. 裝運(yùn)通知 Shipping Advice: 貨物全部裝船后,賣方必須在二個(gè)工作日內(nèi),以傳真方式向買方通知合同號(hào)、貨物名稱、數(shù)量、毛重,發(fā)票金額,船名和啟運(yùn)日期。正本用航空郵寄交買方。 After the commodity are completely loaded, the Seller shall fax to notify the buyer of the contract number, name of commodity, quantity, gross weight, net weight, invoice value, name of carrying vessel and the date of departure in two working days. Original documents shall be send by airmail to the Buyer. 14. 質(zhì)量保證 GUARANTEE OF QUALITY: (1)賣方保證:其所提供的貨物,均為全新的正品行貨,來源正當(dāng)合法,不會(huì)侵犯第三方合法權(quán)益,不涉及任何假貨,不存在任何虛假宣傳、假冒產(chǎn)地、假冒企業(yè)名稱、假冒認(rèn)證標(biāo)識(shí)的行為。所供貨物在正確安裝、正確使用的情況下,質(zhì)量保證期為自投入使用起十二個(gè)月,但最遲不超過貨物到港后十五個(gè)月。如賣方違反上述保證義務(wù),賣方除應(yīng)當(dāng)向買方承擔(dān)產(chǎn)品責(zé)任外,須向買方公開道歉聲明,同時(shí)還須向買方支付相當(dāng)于該貨物銷售額的違約金。若該金額不足以彌補(bǔ)買方所受損失,賣方應(yīng)補(bǔ)足差額部分。 The seller shall warrant and ensure that all the delivered goods are authentic and brand new, and obtained from legitimate sources, without infringing the legitimate rights and interests of any third party; NO FAKE GOODS are involved, and there is no act of false propaganda, counterfeit origin, fake corporate name, or counterfeit certification mark. The guarantee period shall be 12 months starting from the date of start-up under correct installation and normal use, or 15 months counting from the date of arrival of the goods at the destination, whichever comes first. If the seller violates the foresaid warranty obligations, besides being liable for product liability, the seller shall apologize to the buyer by making a public statement, and indemnify the buyer for the liquidated damages in an amount equivalent to the sale price of goods. If the liquidated damages are not sufficient to cover the loss suffered by the buyer, the seller shall be liable to make up the difference. (2)如果買方要求賣方進(jìn)行實(shí)施現(xiàn)場(chǎng)培訓(xùn)(服務(wù))方面的咨詢、培訓(xùn)和/或管理監(jiān)督,賣方應(yīng)提供此類服務(wù)包括確保貨物的安全控制和操作,同時(shí)買方無需支付額外費(fèi)用。如果賣方有設(shè)備放置在買方現(xiàn)場(chǎng),同時(shí)這些設(shè)備需要賣方人員的維護(hù),那么設(shè)備的維護(hù)計(jì)劃,包括但不限于設(shè)備的服務(wù)、零部件的更換,應(yīng)得到雙方進(jìn)一步的協(xié)商并批準(zhǔn)。 In the event the Buyer requested advice, training and/or supervision on the implementation of the training ('Services') from the Seller, the Seller shall provide such Services including to ensure the safe control and operation of the Goods, at no additional cost to the Buyer. In the event there is equipment of the Seller placed in the Buyer's Mill and the equipment needs to be maintained by the Seller's employee(s), then the maintenance schedule of the equipment, including but not limited to the services of the equipment, replacing the spare parts, shall be further agreed and approved by the Parties. 【審查要素】 ①保證和擔(dān)保條款主要是維護(hù)買方的利益,加強(qiáng)出口方的責(zé)任。 ②在保證和擔(dān)保條款中,一般包括權(quán)利保證和質(zhì)量保證兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。權(quán)利保證主要是指出口方應(yīng)保證其是所出口的貨物的合法擁有者,出口方有權(quán)進(jìn)行貨物出口,并保證貨物及其上附加的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)在合同規(guī)定的地域內(nèi)沒有侵犯任何第三方的權(quán)利。質(zhì)量保證是指出口方保證按合同規(guī)定提供貨物,其提供的貨物符合國際貨物買賣合同的約定。 ③保證和擔(dān)保條款對(duì)于合同出口方的權(quán)利也要加以保障,合同中也應(yīng)當(dāng)約定,由于進(jìn)口方自身故意或者重大過失導(dǎo)致的損害,貨物出口方不承擔(dān)責(zé)任。 ④在保證和擔(dān)保條款上,首先,要對(duì)出口方提供貨物的權(quán)利瑕疵和質(zhì)量瑕疵進(jìn)行明確地約定;其次,對(duì)于貨物瑕疵引起的責(zé)任和相應(yīng)的法律后果,如修理、更換及費(fèi)用承擔(dān),也都要進(jìn)行明確的約定。只有這樣,在發(fā)生糾紛時(shí),企業(yè)才能根據(jù)合同維護(hù)自身的合法權(quán)益。 15. 檢驗(yàn)和索賠 INSPECTION AND CLAIMS: (1)在貨物抵達(dá)目的地港后,如果發(fā)現(xiàn)到貨的質(zhì)量、規(guī)格和數(shù)量與合同不符,除應(yīng)由保險(xiǎn)公司或船方負(fù)責(zé)者外,買方在貨物抵達(dá)目的港卸貨后90天內(nèi)有權(quán)向賣方索賠。 After arrival of the goods at the port of destination, If any discrepancies are found by the Bureau regarding the specifications or the quantity or both, except those for which either the insurance company or the shipping company is responsible, the Buyer shall, within 90 days after discharge of the goods at the port of the destination, have the right to claim against the Seller on the strength. (2)賣方在收到買方索賠通知后,一個(gè)月之內(nèi)未予答復(fù),則視為賣方同意買方的一切索賠。 Any and all claims shall be regarded as being accepted if the Seller fail to reply within 30 days after receipt of the Buyer’s claim. 【審查要素】 ①對(duì)商品檢驗(yàn)權(quán)的約定應(yīng)公平合理 商品檢驗(yàn)權(quán)的歸屬,應(yīng)在合同條款中明確的訂明??杉s定由賣方、買方、買賣雙方或者雙方約定的檢驗(yàn)機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)施檢驗(yàn),并提供檢驗(yàn)證明。需要注意的是,如果在合同中明確約定了某一個(gè)檢驗(yàn)機(jī)構(gòu),那么該檢驗(yàn)機(jī)構(gòu)必須是真實(shí)存在的,而且可以對(duì)合同標(biāo)的物進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。 ②商品檢驗(yàn)的時(shí)間與地點(diǎn)應(yīng)合理 對(duì)商品檢驗(yàn)的時(shí)間與地點(diǎn)在合同中要做出明確的規(guī)定。合同中一般會(huì)規(guī)定,在貨物驗(yàn)收之前有出廠檢驗(yàn),貨物到達(dá)目的地后有到貨檢驗(yàn),如果是大型設(shè)備,則貨物到達(dá)后的檢驗(yàn)只是對(duì)貨物的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量進(jìn)行表面判斷,真正的檢驗(yàn)應(yīng)該屬于設(shè)備的試運(yùn)行。大型設(shè)備試運(yùn)行成功,買方應(yīng)簽署相關(guān)證書,簽署該證書一般可以理解為設(shè)備通過了檢驗(yàn)。 ③根據(jù)擇優(yōu)選擇的原則約定檢驗(yàn)機(jī)構(gòu) 商品檢驗(yàn)機(jī)構(gòu)有各種不同的類型,包括官方檢驗(yàn)機(jī)構(gòu)、半官方檢驗(yàn)機(jī)構(gòu)以及非官方檢驗(yàn)機(jī)構(gòu)。各種檢驗(yàn)機(jī)構(gòu)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)性質(zhì)、資信情況、檢測(cè)水平等各不相同,應(yīng)擇優(yōu)選擇,并在合同中訂明。 16. 索賠解決辦法 SETTLEMENT OF CLAIMS: 如果賣方對(duì)貨物與合同規(guī)定不符負(fù)有責(zé)任,或因賣方違反國家相關(guān)法律法規(guī)導(dǎo)致買方損失的, 賣方在征得買方同意后,須按下列方法之一理賠: In case the Seller are liable for the discrepancies, or violation of the relevant state laws and regulations in China led to the loss of the buyer, the Seller shall settle the claim upon the agreement of the Buyer in the following ways: (1)同意買方退貨,并將退貨金額以成交原價(jià)償還買方。 Agree to rejection of the goods and refund to the Buyer the value of the goods so rejected in the same amount of money as contracted herein. (2)按照貨物質(zhì)量疵劣程度、損壞范圍,將貨物貶值。 Devaluate the goods according to the degree of inferiority and extent of damage. (3)調(diào)換有瑕疵的貨物,換貨必須全新并符合本合同規(guī)定的規(guī)格、質(zhì)量和性能。對(duì)換貨的質(zhì)量, 買方仍應(yīng)按本合同第14條的規(guī)定,進(jìn)行質(zhì)量保證。 Replace the defective goods with new ones which conform to the specification, quality and performance as stipulated in the Contract. The Seller shall still guarantee the quality of the replaced goods for a guarantee period as stipulated in Clause 14 of this contract. (4)按買方損失的10倍金額支付違約金 According to the loss of 10times the amount of liquidated damages 【審查要素】 合同中通常應(yīng)明確規(guī)定索賠依據(jù),作為雙方辦理索賠與理賠的依據(jù)。交易雙方應(yīng)選擇公正、權(quán)威的檢驗(yàn)機(jī)構(gòu),一般都是第三方機(jī)構(gòu)且雙方同意,出具對(duì)雙方都有約束力的證明文件。索賠期限的長(zhǎng)短也應(yīng)規(guī)定合理,注意提出索賠的時(shí)間應(yīng)是在貨物到達(dá)目的地或是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)之后立即進(jìn)行,不宜久拖。如有必要可以規(guī)定解決措施如貨物數(shù)量缺失,應(yīng)補(bǔ)足貨物,貨物質(zhì)量有問題應(yīng)對(duì)有問題的貨物進(jìn)行替換等。 17. 人力不可抗拒事故 FORCE MAJEURE: 不可抗力因素,它包括自然力量引起的水災(zāi)、旱災(zāi)、冰災(zāi)、雪災(zāi)、雷電、暴風(fēng)雨、地震、海嘯等和社會(huì)原因引起的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、暴動(dòng)、騷亂、政府頒布禁令、封鎖禁運(yùn)和調(diào)整政策制度等。由于人力不可抗拒事故而交貨延遲或不能交貨時(shí),責(zé)任不在賣方。但賣方應(yīng)立即將事故通知買方, 并于事故發(fā)生后14天內(nèi)將事故發(fā)生地主管機(jī)構(gòu)出具的證明書用航空郵寄交買方,并取得買方認(rèn)可為證。在上述情況下,賣方應(yīng)負(fù)有采取一切必要措施從速交貨的責(zé)任。如果事故持續(xù)超過十個(gè)星期,買方有權(quán)取消本合同。 Force majeure includes floods, droughts, ice disasters, snow disasters, thunder and lightning, storms, earthquakes, tsunamis and other social causes, such as wars, riots, riots, government bans, embargoes and adjustment policies and regulations. The Seller shall not be held responsible for any delay in delivery or non-delivery of the goods due to Force Major. However, the Seller shall advise the Buyer immediately of such occurrence and within 14 days, thereafter, shall send by airmail to the Buyer for their acceptance a certificate issued by the competent government authorities of the place where the accident occurs as evidence thereof. Under such circumstances the Seller, however, are still under the obligation to take all necessary measures to hasten the delivery of the goods. In case the accident lasts for more than ten weeks, the Buyer shall have the right to cancel this contract. 【審查要素】 ①在國際貿(mào)易中,一般都訂有不可抗力的免責(zé)條款。其條款的主要內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括不可抗力事件的性質(zhì)和范圍、不可抗力事件的通知和證明、不可抗力的處理原則和辦法的約定。 ②首先,不可抗力事件范圍的約定要適當(dāng)。不可抗力事件的范圍較廣,除了在合同條款中將不可抗力時(shí)間一一列舉,也可以概括式地約定若發(fā)生不可抗力事件。需要注意的是,如果有某些特殊事項(xiàng)希望寫就不可抗力中,應(yīng)在該條款中明確。 ③其次,通知和證明條款應(yīng)明確。合同中應(yīng)具體約定,若不可抗力事件發(fā)生后影響合同履行時(shí),發(fā)生事件的一方具有通知義務(wù)。并要提供當(dāng)?shù)厣虝?huì)或法定公證機(jī)構(gòu)出具不可抗力事件的證明文件。在我國,該項(xiàng)證明文件是由中國國際貿(mào)易促進(jìn)委員會(huì)出具。最后應(yīng)約定不可抗力事件的處理原則和辦法。合同中應(yīng)明確規(guī)定,如不可抗力事件發(fā)生后,使合同根本不能履行,則可解除合同;如不可抗力事件發(fā)生后,只是影響合同的如期履行,則可酌情延期履行合同。是否在合同中規(guī)定一旦不可抗力事件發(fā)生就解除合同的條款,要根據(jù)實(shí)際貿(mào)易情況決定,有些合同我方并不希望延期執(zhí)行或解除。 18. 遲交和罰款 LATE DELIVERY AND PENALTY: 如延遲交貨除人力不可抗拒事故者外, 賣方應(yīng)付給買方每一星期按遲交貨物總值的1.5%的遲交違約金,不足一星期的遲交天數(shù)作為一星期計(jì)算。此項(xiàng)違約金總額不超過全部遲交貨物總值的5%。如延遲交貨超過原定期限三星期時(shí),買方有權(quán)終止本合同,但賣方仍應(yīng)向買方繳付以上規(guī)定之違約金,不得推諉或延遲。 In case of delayed delivery, except for force major cases, the Seller shall pay to the Buyer for every week of delay a penalty amounting to 1.5% of the total value of the goods late delivered. Any fractional part of a week is to be considered a full week. The total amount of penalty shall not, however, exceed 5% of total value of the goods involved in late delivery. In case the period of delay exceed 3 weeks after the stipulated delivery date the Buyer have the right to terminate this Contract but the Seller shall not be thereby exempted from the payment of penalty. 【審查要素】 ①在國際貿(mào)易中,違約責(zé)任一般固化為違約金,違約金的多少通常多由合同當(dāng)事人約定。從賣方而言,愿意承擔(dān)的違約金包括晚交貨、貨物質(zhì)量、貨物數(shù)量等只與貨物本身發(fā)生聯(lián)系的違約金。但在實(shí)際業(yè)務(wù)中,所能見到的違約金多種多樣,包括晚發(fā)貨、服務(wù)不及時(shí)、沒有遞交規(guī)定的文件、沒有辦理相關(guān)保險(xiǎn)等和履行合同義務(wù)發(fā)生聯(lián)系的違約金。從本質(zhì)上說,違約金是法律強(qiáng)制違約方向守約方支付的一筆金錢。但是從現(xiàn)實(shí)考慮,賣方一般僅承擔(dān)和貨物本身發(fā)生聯(lián)系的違約金。 ②違約金的數(shù)額應(yīng)該合理,不宜過高或者過低。合同中也可訂明因違約產(chǎn)生的損失賠償數(shù)額的計(jì)算方法。違約金的數(shù)額盡量要有一個(gè)最高上限,對(duì)于晚交貨違約金,通常還要約定違約金數(shù)額不超過未交貨物的XX%。具體數(shù)額一般規(guī)定10%左右。 ③除了違約金的規(guī)定,還應(yīng)規(guī)定免責(zé)事項(xiàng)。如賣方不承擔(dān)因?yàn)橘I方違規(guī)操作或者貨物自身折舊引起的損失;賣方不承擔(dān)任何的間接損失,包括利潤的損失。賣方承擔(dān)的最大損失僅為貨物本身價(jià)格等。同時(shí)要避免一次違約行為,被多次追究責(zé)任的條款出現(xiàn),包括累計(jì)計(jì)算違約金等。 19. 仲裁 ARBITRATION: 凡因本合同引起的或與本合同有關(guān)的任何爭(zhēng)議,包括合同的效力、違約或終止,均應(yīng)由雙方通過友好協(xié)商方式解決。如協(xié)商不成的,任何一方應(yīng)將爭(zhēng)議提交中國國際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易仲裁委員會(huì),按照仲裁申請(qǐng)時(shí)中國國際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易仲裁委員會(huì)現(xiàn)行有效的仲裁規(guī)則進(jìn)行仲裁。仲裁地在北京。仲裁裁決是終局的,對(duì)雙方均有約束力。 Any dispute arising out of or in connection with this Contract, including the validity, invalidity, breach or termination thereof shall be settled through friendly negotiations by both parties. In case no settlement can be reached through negotiations, the parties shall irrevocably submit the foresaid dispute to China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (CIETAC) for arbitration which shall be conducted in accordance with the Commission's arbitration rules in effect at the time of applying for arbitration. The seat of arbitration shall be in Beijing. The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties. 20. 適用法律GOVERNING LAW: 本合同的履行適用中華人民共和國法律,受中華人民共和國法律管轄。 This contract shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with the Laws of PRC. 【審查要素】 ①國際貿(mào)易中推薦使用的合同糾紛的解決方式是仲裁。仲裁協(xié)議或仲裁條款在訂立時(shí)要注意完整性和準(zhǔn)確性,才有利于仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)的受理,以及法院的承認(rèn)和執(zhí)行。訴訟是不推薦選擇的爭(zhēng)議解決方式,但如果一定要選擇訴訟的話,合同中要明確規(guī)定處理爭(zhēng)議的國家或者地區(qū)的司法機(jī)構(gòu)及適用何種法律(含國際條約),也可以規(guī)定使用第三國法律。 ②一般而言,仲裁協(xié)議或仲裁條款主要包括:仲裁事項(xiàng)、仲裁地、仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)、仲裁員的選擇、仲裁語言、仲裁規(guī)則、仲裁效力和仲裁費(fèi)用負(fù)擔(dān)等內(nèi)容。對(duì)于中國企業(yè)來說目前推薦選擇的仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)如下:中國國際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易仲裁委員會(huì)(CIETAC)、國際商會(huì)仲裁法院(ICC)、香港國際仲裁中心(HKIAC)、斯德哥爾摩商會(huì)仲裁院(SCC)、新加坡國際仲裁中心(SIAC)。如果對(duì)方不同意上述仲裁機(jī)構(gòu),可以選擇在第三國的仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)仲裁,如果對(duì)方執(zhí)意選擇本國的仲裁機(jī)構(gòu),那么適用法律應(yīng)選擇第三國法律。 21. 合同的取消 CANCELLATION: 如果買方(或賣方)在賣方(或買方)無任何過失的情況下取消合同,買方(或賣方)必須承擔(dān)賣方(或買方)因被取消合同而遭受的一切損失,賠償金額不超過合同總價(jià)的30%。 Should the Buyer (or the Seller) cancel the contract without any failure on the Seller side (or on the Buyer side), the Buyer (or Seller) shall be held responsible for any cost and expense the Seller (or the Buyer) may face due to the cancellation of the contract. The compensation, however, shall not exceed 30% of the contract value. 【審查要素】 合同中對(duì)于任何一方的單方解除合同的權(quán)利應(yīng)該慎重審查。在實(shí)際業(yè)務(wù)中,很多合同賦予買方無限擴(kuò)大的合同變更和解除權(quán),買方在很多事項(xiàng)下都可以變更和解除合同。所以對(duì)于這種合同應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格審查。合同項(xiàng)下的權(quán)利和義務(wù)未經(jīng)對(duì)方允許,不得轉(zhuǎn)讓給第三方。 22. 本合同一式二份,買賣雙方各執(zhí)一份為證。 This contract is made out in two original copies, each set of copies to be held by each party in witness thereof. 賣方確認(rèn)并同意:本合同包括其附件構(gòu)成雙方之間就本合同所涉事項(xiàng)的全部完整協(xié)議,取代雙方或其代理人或代表之前就合同事項(xiàng)達(dá)成的所有口頭和書面的聲明、陳述、諒解和通訊。對(duì)本合同的任何條款的修改或補(bǔ)充,必須經(jīng)雙方合法授權(quán)代表以書面方式簽署并蓋章方為有效。尤其是,未經(jīng)合法授權(quán)的買方聯(lián)絡(luò)人員、經(jīng)辦人員、相關(guān)部門和單位主管所簽署或加蓋部門章和業(yè)務(wù)章的協(xié)議和文件,均不能視為買方行為,該等文件對(duì)買方不具有任何約束力。涉及合同變更或補(bǔ)充事宜的文件必須由買方法定代表人或授權(quán)代表簽署并加蓋公司公章或合同專用章方為有效。被授權(quán)簽署文件的人士必須有法定代表人簽署的相應(yīng)授權(quán)委托書,或在簽署文件后10天內(nèi)得到法定代表人的書面追認(rèn)。 The seller confirms and agrees that: this Contract and the Exhibits hereto constitute the entire agreement between seller and buyer relating to the subject matter hereof and supersede all oral or written statements, representations, understandings and correspondences, which have been made by either party or their agents or representatives prior to the execution of this Contract. No modification or supplement of this Contract shall be binding upon either party unless made in writing and be executed and affixed with the company seal on behalf of that the Sellery its duly authorized representative. In particular, the agreements or documents signed and sealed (with department or business seal) by the buyer’s liaison officers, managers, heads of relevant departments and units, without buyer’s duly authorization, shall not be deemed as the acts of the buyer, which have no legal effect upon the buyer. For any documents concerning the alteration or supplement of the Contract to be valid, they must be signed by the legal representative or duly authorized representative of the buyer and be affixed with the company seal or contract seal. The authorized person entrusted to sign the document must hold a corresponding power of attorney signed by the legal representative of the buyer, or subsequently being recognized by the legal representative with a written confirmation within 10 days of signing such document. 23. 本合同用中英文書寫,二者如有抵觸則以中文為準(zhǔn). This Contract is written in English and Chinese. If there is any discrepancy between English and Chinese, all the meanings of the clause shall be based on Chinese version. 【審查要素】 國際貿(mào)易合同中,站在國內(nèi)企業(yè)的立場(chǎng),則盡量爭(zhēng)取以中文版合同內(nèi)容為準(zhǔn);退而求其次,約定中英文版具有同等法律效力;再次,約定以英文版合同內(nèi)容為準(zhǔn)。 24. 備注(REMARKS): (1)裝運(yùn)貨物之集裝箱有14天免費(fèi)使用期,確保集裝箱到達(dá)目的港后是清潔無任何破損的。 The demurrage free time of container is14 days, and the Seller guarantee the container arrived in the destination port are clean and without any damages. (2)凡從美國、日本和歐州出口的貨物,賣方須提供非木質(zhì)包裝的證明文件,如包裝物為木質(zhì),則賣方需提供出口國檢疫證書。如果賣方不能提供正確的文件,由此產(chǎn)生的一切后果將由賣方承擔(dān)。 For cargoes exported from USA, Japan and Europe, the Seller shall provide document declaring that packing is made by non-wood, or the Seller shall provide government’s plant quarantine certificate if the packing is made by wood. If the seller could not provide the right documents, all the risks and charges arising thereof shall be borne by the Seller. (3)賣方需定期向買方提供與買方相關(guān)的往來帳目以便核對(duì)。 The Seller should offer periodically the Buyer an account which contains the purchase records for verification. 25. 利益沖突(CONFLICT OF INTEREST) (1)如果賣方及或賣方代表(包括但不限于賣方代理或賣方相關(guān)的其他任何組織),被證實(shí)或表明向買方的員工或其家庭成員提供或接受相關(guān)利益,買方保留執(zhí)行以下措施的權(quán)利: If the seller and/or its representative (including but not limited to the Seller’s agents or any other organization related to the Seller), are proven or shown to have provided or received such benefits to the Buyer's employee(s) or members of their family, the Buyer reserves the right to execute the followings actions : (1.1)買方自行決定終止與賣方的全部合同及或任何訂單。 The Buyer may at its own discretion terminate all contracts and/or any PO(s) placed to the Seller. (1.2)賣方將向買方返還與有問題的交易或項(xiàng)目有關(guān)的全部買方所付款項(xiàng)并按12%年利率計(jì)息。 The Seller shall return all payment(s), related to the transaction/project in questions, received previously from the Buyer plus 12% (twelve percent) annual interest to the Buyer. (1.3)賣方將向買方支付其向買方及或其員工家庭所提供任何服務(wù)或利益的雙倍作為賠償。 The Seller shall pay a penalty of two (2) times the value of any service(s) / benefit(s) given to the employee(s) of the Buyer and/or their family. (1.4) 賣方將在收到買方通知后的一星期內(nèi),向買方支付上述款項(xiàng)及賠償款。 The Seller shall submit the above payment(s) and penalties to the Buyer within one (1) week since the receipt of notice from the Buyer. (2)雙方本著實(shí)事求是的原則,如實(shí)申報(bào)或舉報(bào),并承諾對(duì)舉報(bào)人的權(quán)益予以保護(hù)和保密。 Both parties should blow the whistle in the principle of facts, both parties guarantee that the whistle-blowers in good faith will be protected, the information of whistle-blowers will not be disclosed. |
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