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說明主語是什么，由名詞、形容詞或相當于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語充當表語。和連系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語 系動詞 表語從句”。 一、表語從句的引導詞 引導表語從句的詞有： 從屬連詞：that, whether, as if, as though, because, as; 關(guān)系代詞：who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等; 關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等; 1. 由從屬連詞that, whether, as if, as though, because, as引導 The fact is that he doesn’t really try. 事實是他沒有做真正的努力。 The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻煩的是我把他的地址丟了。 My suggestion is that we should tell him. 我的建議是我們應該告訴他。 The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 問題是這部電影是否值得看。 【注意】whether 可引導表語從句，但與之同義的if則不能引導表語從句。 It isn’t as if you were going away for ever. 又不是你離開不回來了。 Now it was as though she had known Millie for years. 現(xiàn)在好像她認識米莉已有好多年了似的。 It is not as though we were poor. 又不是我們家里窮。 It is because I love you too much. 那是因為我太愛你了。 That’s because you can’t appreciate music. 這是因為你不能欣賞音樂。 If I’m a bit sleepy, it’s because I was upall night. 如果我有點困，是因為一夜沒睡。 It's because I passed a slip of paper for John to Helen in class. 這是因為我在上課中替約翰傳紙條給海倫。 【注意】because 可引導表語從句，但與之同義的since, as, for等也不用于引導表語從句。 He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起來還與十年前一樣。 2. 由關(guān)系代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever等引導 You are not who I thought you were. 你已不是我過去所想像的人。 The problem is who we can get to replace her. 問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。 The question is who (m) we should trust. 問題是我們應當相信誰。 What I want to know is which road we should take. 我想知道的是我們應走哪條路。 That’s what I want to stress. 這是我想強調(diào)的。 That’s what we are here for. 我們來這里就為了這個。 He is no longer what he was. 他已經(jīng)不是以前的他了。 3. 由關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, how, however等引導 The problem is how we can find him. 問題是我們?nèi)绾握业剿?/p> That was when I was fifteen. 這是我15歲時發(fā)生的事。 That’s where I first met her. 那就是我第一次遇見她的地方。 That’s why he didn’t come. 這就是他沒有來的緣故。 That’s where you are wrong. 這就是你不對的地方。 二、使用虛擬語氣的表語從句 在表示建議、勸告、命令含義的名詞后的表語從句，謂語動詞需用“should 動詞原形” 表示，should可省略。常見的詞有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal, plan, idea等。 My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。 三、語序及連詞that的省略問題 表語從句一定要用陳述語序。 False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel. Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. 引導表語從句的that通常不省略。 My idea is that we should do it right away. 我的意見是我們應該馬上干。 The trouble is that he is ill. 糟糕的是他病了。 四、表語從句的基本用法 1. 表語從句只能置于主句之后，而主句的動詞只能是連系動詞。例如： The problem is how we can get the things we need. 問題是我們怎樣能弄到我們需要的東西。(how 在表語從句中充當方式狀語) The scissors are not what I need. 這把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what在表語從句中充當賓語) What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告訴他的是我會給他找個好劇本。(what在主語從句中作直接賓語，that作為表語從句的引導詞在該表語從句中不充當句子成分，不能省略) That is what I want to tell you. 那就是我想要對你講的。(what在表語從句中充當直接賓語) That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考試不及格的原因。(why在表語從句中充當原因狀語) 2. 下面是兩個與“That is why...”形式相似的結(jié)構(gòu)，它們與“That is why...”結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系要能夠辨析清楚： (1)“That is why...”與“That is the reason why...”同義，只不過從語法結(jié)構(gòu)上講，“That is the reason why...”中why引導的是—個定語從句，將其中的the reason去掉則與“That is why...”結(jié)構(gòu)一樣，例如： That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. 這就是我不能同意的理由。 (2)“That is because...”句型中從屬連詞because引導的名詞性從句在此作表語，這也是個常用句型，意為“這就是為什么……/因為……”?！癟hat is because...”與“That is why...”之間的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由，“That is why...”則指由于各種原因所造成的后果，例如： He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework. 昨天晚上他沒有去看電影，那是因為他得幫助他的妹妹做作業(yè)。(第一句話說明結(jié)果，第二句話說明原因) He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night. 他以前曾看過那部電影，因此他昨天晚上沒有去看。(第一句話說明原因，第二句話說明結(jié)果) 這篇“表語從句”相信大家都已經(jīng)學會了，想不想獲得更多的英語語法學習方法呢？請點擊進入英語專欄查閱學習~ |
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