今天有空讀了一點(diǎn)Srila Baladeva Vidiyabusana 評(píng)注的《終極韋達(dá)經(jīng)》，其中引用了《Taittireya Upanisad》的一段經(jīng)文：

 "Higher than the vijnanamaya stage is the anandamaya stage of existence. The anandamaya stage is a person whose head is pleasure (priya), whose right side is joy (moda), whose left side is delight (pramoda), and whose identity is bliss (ananda). The anandamya is Brahman."

這是描述的生物的最高層面的知覺(jué)：Anandamaya。其中的英語(yǔ)翻譯到了Pleasure，Joy，Delight三個(gè)詞，為了區(qū)別特意查了一下詞霸，發(fā)現(xiàn)確有不同，參考如下：

pleasure， enjoyment， delight， delectation， joy
These nouns denote a pleasant feeling, as of happiness or personal satisfaction, evoked by something that is to one's liking.
這些名詞表示高興的感覺(jué)，如由某人喜愛(ài)的東西而引起的快樂(lè)或個(gè)人的滿足。

Pleasure is the least specific:
Pleasure 是最不具體的：
“One of the greatest pleasures of life is conversation” (Sydney Smith).
“生活中最大的樂(lè)事之一就是交談” （悉尼·史密斯）。
“Pleasure without joy is as hollow as passion without tenderness” (Alan Jay Lerner).
“沒(méi)有歡樂(lè)的高興就象沒(méi)有溫柔的激情一樣空洞” （阿倫·杰伊·勒納）。

Enjoyment suggests pleasure, often abiding pleasure, arising from something gratifying or beneficial:
Enjoyment 意為由令人滿足或有利的東西引起的經(jīng)常是持久的高興：
Books are her major source of enjoyment.
書籍是她快樂(lè)的主要源泉。
“Was it [ornament] done with enjoyment—was the carver happy while he was about it?” (John Ruskin).
“ 是帶著快樂(lè)完成的嗎——雕刻工在做工的時(shí)候快樂(lè)嗎?” （約翰·拉斯金）。

Delight and delectation imply keen but sometimes transitory pleasure: 
Delight 和delectation 意為強(qiáng)烈的但有時(shí)是短暫的高興：
“There is delight in singing” (Walter Savage Landor).
“歌聲中體現(xiàn)出一些愉快” （沃爾特·薩維奇·蘭道）。
“Certified ‘masterpieces’ by dead composers, manipulated by charismatic star performers for the delectation of an increasingly passive and uninquisitive audience” (Will Crutchfield).
“由已故作曲家所作的被證明的‘杰作’，由具有超凡魅力的明星演奏家為迎合越來(lái)越消極及缺乏好奇心的觀眾的歡樂(lè)而演奏” （威爾·克拉奇菲爾德）。

Joy suggests an intense and especially an ecstatic or exultant state; the word is often associated with sharing, self-realization, or high-mindedness:
Joy 暗示強(qiáng)烈的尤其是欣喜若狂或狂喜的狀態(tài)；這個(gè)單詞經(jīng)常與分享、自我實(shí)現(xiàn)或品格高尚相關(guān)聯(lián)：
“The deep joy we take in the company of people with whom we have just recently fallen in love is undisguisable” (John Cheever).
“從我們剛剛愛(ài)上的一群人中得到的深深的快樂(lè)是無(wú)法隱藏的” （約翰·奇弗）。
“The rule of joy and the law of duty seem to me all one” (Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.).
“快樂(lè)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與義務(wù)的法則對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是同一件事” （“呂·溫德?tīng)枴せ裟匪梗?/p>