A sleep expert talks insomnia, dreams
睡眠專(zhuān)家對(duì)失眠和夢(mèng)境的見(jiàn)解
Sleep usually leaves people feeling rested and refreshed, but for the patients of clinical neurologist Guy Leschziner, their non-waking moments are generally anything but peaceful. One realizes that she's been taking her motorcycle out for a ride while fast asleep only after her landlady asks her where she went. Another moves around in his sleep, acting out his dreams — and terrifying his partner in the process. Still others suffer from insomnia, sleep deprivation, and night terrors.
睡覺(jué)通常會(huì)讓人放松、神清氣爽，但對(duì)臨床神經(jīng)學(xué)家Guy Leschziner的患者而言，他們的睡眠時(shí)刻一點(diǎn)兒都不平靜。其中一位患者意識(shí)到，她一直在外面騎摩托車(chē)，只有當(dāng)房東問(wèn)她去哪了之后，她才能快速入睡。另一位患者會(huì)在睡夢(mèng)中動(dòng)來(lái)動(dòng)去——甚至嚇壞了另一半。而其他人則失眠、缺覺(jué)、夜驚。
Leschziner describes their cases. 'These cases are interesting in two separate ways — the first is just simply the drama of the stories, the human experiences of these patients,' Leschziner says. 'But also, when one looks at the extremes, it informs us normal as well. By seeing these patients and seeing where the problem is in the brain, we understand something about how our brains regulate sleep.'

Leschziner描述了這些病例。“這些病例非常有趣，原因有二——其一，這只是戲劇性的故事，是這些患者的人性經(jīng)歷，”Leschziner說(shuō)道?！暗珡臉O端角度而言，它也提醒了我們普通人。通過(guò)觀察這些患者，了解他們大腦中的問(wèn)題，我們逐漸了解大腦對(duì)睡眠的調(diào)節(jié)?！?br>The Verge spoke with Leschziner about what makes for a good night's sleep, what's going on in the brain when we dream, and how sleep disorders could provide a window into other health issues. This interview has been lightly edited for clarity.
The Verge期刊與Leschziner展開(kāi)對(duì)話(huà)：怎樣才算睡了個(gè)好覺(jué)？做夢(mèng)時(shí)大腦會(huì)發(fā)生哪些變化？睡眠障礙如何帶來(lái)其它健康問(wèn)題？為清晰起見(jiàn)，我們已對(duì)本次采訪(fǎng)略作編輯。
You write a lot about abnormal sleep and the patients that you've encountered in your practice. I'd like to start off by asking about the opposite: what does a normal good night's sleep look like?
您寫(xiě)了很多關(guān)于睡眠異常及就診患者的稿子。但我想從反方面問(wèn)您一個(gè)問(wèn)題：怎樣才算睡了個(gè)好覺(jué)？
Sleep — as well as being an objective experience — is also a subjective experience. From an objective perspective, a good night's sleep is viewed as having a sufficiently consolidated night's sleep, divided into one or two tranches. If one looks at the population, seven to eight hours is seen as the optimal amount of sleep. But for each individual, the subjective experience of sleep is somewhat different. There could be people who wake up several times a night, but wake up feeling refreshed. Whereas for other people, what is apparently and objectively a good night's sleep, can make them feel extremely tired and unrefreshed. So there is this kind of disparity between the objective physical manifestation of sleep and the subjective experience.
睡覺(jué)既是一種客觀經(jīng)歷，也是一種主觀經(jīng)歷。從客觀角度而言，夜間睡眠量充足即可認(rèn)為睡了個(gè)好覺(jué)，這分為一或兩個(gè)層次。就所有人而言，7至8小時(shí)睡眠被視為最佳睡眠量。但就個(gè)人層面而言，主觀睡眠經(jīng)歷卻略有不同。有些人可能會(huì)一夜醒來(lái)好幾次，但睡醒后卻覺(jué)得精神煥發(fā)。對(duì)其他人而言，客觀的好覺(jué)會(huì)讓他們覺(jué)得異常疲憊、無(wú)精打采。所以，這就是睡眠的客觀身體表現(xiàn)和主觀體驗(yàn)的差異。