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      收貨人和船舶次承租人是船舶承租人的代理人0r 承包人?

       昵稱(chēng)34173667 2020-03-17

      收貨人和船舶次承租人是船舶承租人的代理人0r 承包人?

        收貨人和船舶次承租人與船舶承租人的關(guān)系,主要依據(jù)各方的合同約定確認(rèn)。

         案例:

        船東NY將船租給了CILL,CILL又將該船轉(zhuǎn)租給了TRAL.TRAL ICF簽署合約出售一批設(shè)備給ICF,該買(mǎi)賣(mài)合同包括C&F FO 條款(C&F是指賣(mài)方負(fù)責(zé)辦理貨物運(yùn)輸,并承擔(dān)運(yùn)至指定目的港的運(yùn)費(fèi)。FO是指船方不負(fù)責(zé)卸貨)。在該合約下,如果不能在規(guī)定的卸貨時(shí)間內(nèi)卸貨完畢,買(mǎi)方向賣(mài)方承擔(dān)滯期費(fèi)。

        20081015日,船舶到達(dá)卸貨港,因?yàn)樾敦浽O(shè)備出現(xiàn)故障,停止卸貨,直到1215日恢復(fù)卸貨.18TRAL獲得了法院的扣貨令,用于擔(dān)保ICF支付156萬(wàn)美元的滯期費(fèi),因?yàn)槭韬鲈摯耙彩潜豢垩?。這時(shí)CILL向船東主張停租,依據(jù)雙方租約第49條:

      Should the vessel be captured or seizured or detained or arrest by any authority or by any legal process during the currency of this Charter Party,the payment of hire shall be suspended until the time of her release,unless such capture or seizure or detention or arrest is occasioned by any personal act or omission or defaut of the Charterers or their agents..........

        上述大意為,船舶被扣押可停租,但是如果因?yàn)槌凶馊思按淼男袨?、過(guò)錯(cuò)、違約引起的,則不停租。雙方無(wú)法達(dá)成一致,船東申請(qǐng)仲裁 ,要求支付租金不停租。                        本案的焦點(diǎn)在于認(rèn)定:收貨人和船舶次承租人與船舶承租人的關(guān)系 代理人或是承包人?

        仲裁挺認(rèn)定,收貨人和船舶次承租人與船舶承租人承包關(guān)系,故此駁回了船東的申請(qǐng)。隨后船東訴到法院,法院認(rèn)定是代理關(guān)系,支持了船東的請(qǐng)求。法院認(rèn)定如下:

        In my judgment,construed in the context of the charterparty as a whole ,including the many provisions that contemplate the charter being operated by each of the parties through agent, the proviso is nor limited to cases where parties who are specifically instructed by the charterers to carry out functions that are the charterers responsibility occasion a capture ,seizure,detention or arrest of the vessel.in short,I accept Mr Yongs submission that parties such as sub-charterers or receivers to whom CILL,by subletting the vessel,had delegated or sub-delegated the performance of its responsibilities under the charterparty can be CILL agent for the purposes of the proviso49條)

        上述大意為,要從合約的整體上解釋條文的含義,包括許多條款約定合同的履行可以通過(guò)各方的代理人履行。49條的并不僅僅適用于有具體約定的的代理行為。簡(jiǎn)言之,本案中, 次承租人與收貨人是承租人的代理人。

        綜上所訴,上述案件之所有能有不同的判法,原因在于合約的約定不夠具體明確,使得不同的人得出了不同的結(jié)論,也再次警告,合約約定一定要明確,否則就是巨額損失。

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