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      瞬間動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

       尋找真理的猴哥 2020-04-14
      一、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作不但可以延續(xù),而且可以產(chǎn)生持久的影響。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有:be,have,keep,know,learn,lie,live,read,sing,sleep,stand,stay,wait,walk,watch等。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法很廣,但常見于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的句子中,且常與for,how,long,since等引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語或狀語從句連用。例如: 1.I have learned more than 1,000 Chinese words since I came to China. 自從來到中國(guó),我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了l,000多個(gè)漢字。 2.We have lived in Linqing since we came here.自從來到這兒,我們就一直住在臨清。 3.I have kept the picture for about three years.這張畫我保存了大約三年。 二、終止性動(dòng)詞 終止性動(dòng)詞又稱為瞬間動(dòng)詞或非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,它表示的動(dòng)作不能延續(xù),也就是說動(dòng)作一旦發(fā)生就立即結(jié)束,并產(chǎn)生某種結(jié)果。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有:accept,arrive,become,begin,borrow,break,buy,catch,close,come,die,end,fall,finish,get,give,go,join,leave,put,reach,receive,shut,start,stop等。終止性動(dòng)詞用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)要注意下面三點(diǎn): (一)終止性動(dòng)詞可直接用來表示某一動(dòng)作的完成。例如: 1.They have reached Shanghai.他們已經(jīng)到達(dá)了上海。 2.Has he gone to London? 他已經(jīng)到倫敦去了嗎? (二)終止性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作極其短暫,不能持續(xù),所以,在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中一般不能和以since,for等引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。例如: 1.那老人已經(jīng)死了一周了。The old man has died for a week.(誤) 2.他三天前就已經(jīng)來這兒了。He has come here since three days ago.(誤) 在以上兩句中,die和come都是終止性動(dòng)詞,可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),但不能與以 since或for引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。那么,上面兩個(gè)句子應(yīng)該怎樣譯成英語呢?請(qǐng)看下面四種譯法: 1.把終止性動(dòng)詞改為延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞。例如: ①The old man has been dead for a week. ②He has been here since three days ago. 2.把原句中的一段時(shí)間改為表示“過去”的時(shí)間,時(shí)態(tài)由現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)改變成一般過去時(shí)。例如: ①The old man died a week ago. ②He came here three days ago. 3.用“It is+時(shí)間+since…”句式。例如: ①It is/has been a week since the old man died. ②It has been/is three days since he came here. 4.用“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間+has passed+since…”句式。例如: ①A week has passed since the old men died. ②Three days had passed since he came here. (三)有關(guān)特殊終止性動(dòng)詞的用法。 1.在while(表示一段時(shí)間)引導(dǎo)的從句里,謂語動(dòng)詞不能使用終止性動(dòng)詞,但可以把while改成when,這樣,從句里的謂語動(dòng)詞就可以使用終止性動(dòng)詞了。因?yàn)閣hen既可以表示時(shí)間的“點(diǎn)”,又可以表示時(shí)間的“段”。例如: While he got to America.he found his English Was very poor.(誤) When he got t0 America.he found his English was very poor.(正) 2.終止性動(dòng)詞的否定式與until連用時(shí),意為“直到……才/不到什么時(shí)間不……”等。例如: Don’t get off until the bus stops.車未停穩(wěn),切勿下車。 3.終止性動(dòng)詞不可以與how long引導(dǎo)的句式連用。例如: How long have you borrowed the magazine?(誤) When did you borrow the magazine?(正) How long have you kept the magazine?(正)

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