從語(yǔ)言學(xué)角度來(lái)講,英語(yǔ)屬于形合語(yǔ)言,邏輯關(guān)系詞的主要在于讓句子成分之間、句子與句子之間、以及段落與段落之間實(shí)現(xiàn)自然銜接。 許多規(guī)律性閱讀考試(例如TOEFL,ACT)中轉(zhuǎn)折詞往往是考核的重點(diǎn)。閱讀題目著重考查考生對(duì)語(yǔ)言文字的綜合分析能力。題干中的文字材料不會(huì)很長(zhǎng),主要是對(duì)句子以及比較復(fù)雜的概念和觀點(diǎn)的準(zhǔn)確理解;對(duì)語(yǔ)句隱含信息的合理推斷;在干擾因素較多的情況下,能比較準(zhǔn)確地辨明主旨,篩選信息。 若用一詞概括,即為起承轉(zhuǎn)合。 “起”是起因,文章的開頭;“承”是事件的過(guò)程;“轉(zhuǎn)”是結(jié)果是轉(zhuǎn)折;“合”是對(duì)該事件的議論,是結(jié)尾。 所謂“作詩(shī)有四法:起要平直,承要舂容,轉(zhuǎn)要變化,合要淵水?!?/span> 而邏輯連詞正是文章的扭結(jié)。理順連詞打通扭結(jié),你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)學(xué)起來(lái),痛快多了。 moreover | 而且 | in addition | 此外 | what is more | 更 | furthermore | 此外 | also | 還 | then | 然后 | besides | 除了 | what's worse | 更糟的是 | and | 以及 | too | 以及 | as well as | 也 | additionally | 另外 | again | 又 | likewise | 同樣 | not only...but also... | 不但……而且 |
however | 但 | nevertheless | 雖然 | on the other hand | 另一方面 | on the contrary | 反之 | rather than | 而不是 | instead of | 而不是 | but | 但是 | yet | 但是 | unfortunately | 不幸的是 | whereas | 而 | although | 雖然 | though | 雖然 | otherwise | 否則 | by contrast | 反之,通過(guò)對(duì)比 | at the same time | 與此同時(shí) | despite | 盡管 | even so | 即便如此 | in contrast | 相比較 | even though | 即使所有 | for all that | 所有 | not with standing | 盡管如此 | in spite of | 盡管 | last but not least | 最后但并非最不重要 | instead | 代替 | thus | 從而 | what is more | 更;而且 | not only...but also | 不但……而且…… | still | 仍然 | in contrast to | 相比較 | regardless | 無(wú)論;不管 | while | 而 | different from | 不同的是 | for all that | 盡管,雖然如此 | or | 要不;否則;或者 | notwithstanding | 雖然 | even though | 即使 | despite | 盡管 | after all | 畢竟 | except (for) | 除了 | of course | 固然;盡管;當(dāng)然 | some...others | 一些、另外的 | on the other hand | 另一方面 | once | 以前 | now | 現(xiàn)在 | the first...whereas the second | 第一……而第二 | then...now | 然后……現(xiàn)在 | the former...the latter | 前者……后者 | finally | 最后;最終 | here...there | 這里……那里 | so | 因此 |
on the one hand | 一方面 | on the other hand | 另一方面 | first | 首先 | second | 其次 | finally | 最后 | firstly | 首先 | secondly | 其次 | then | 然后 | to begin with | 首先 | further | 進(jìn)一步 | and…equally important | 和同樣重要 | in addition | 此外 | in the first place | 首先 | still | 仍然 | furthermore | 此外 | what is more | 更;而且 | last but not least | 最后但并非最不重要 | secondly | 其次 | and then | 進(jìn)而 | next | 接著 | to start with | 開始 | besides | 除了 | moreover | 而且 | finally | 最后 |
in fact | 其實(shí) | indeed | 的確 | actually | 其實(shí) | as a matter of fact | 事實(shí)上 | apparently | 顯然 | emphasis | 強(qiáng)調(diào) | chiefly | 主要是 | primarily | 主要 | in particular | 尤其是 | surely | 一定 | in any case | 不管怎么樣 | especially | 特別是 | clearly | 顯然 | without any doubt | 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn) | to repeat | 重復(fù) | no doubt | 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn) | needless to say | 不用說(shuō) | undoubtedly | 無(wú)疑 | absolutely | 絕對(duì) | still | 仍 | oddly enough | 奇怪的是 | of course | 當(dāng)然 | after all | 畢竟 | significantly | 顯著 | interestingly | 有趣的是 | also | 也 | above all | 首先 | certainly | 當(dāng)然 | anyway | 無(wú)論如何 | obviously | 明顯 | necessarily | 要緊;一定 | truly | 真正 | most important | 最重要的是 | particularly | 尤其 | most important of all | 最重要的是 |
evidently | 明顯地 | first of all | 首先 | undoubtedly | 無(wú)疑 | without any shadow of doubt | 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn) | thus | 從而 | hence | 故;從此 | so | 因此 | therefore | 因此 | accordingly | 因此;所以;從而 | consequently | 所以 | since = now that | 自從 | as | 因?yàn)?/span> | for the reason | 由于;因?yàn)?/span> | so that | 以便 | as consequence | 所以 | as a result | 結(jié)果;因此 | on this / that account | 于是 | such that | 如此 | in this way | 這樣 | because | 因?yàn)?/span> | since | 自從 | otherwise | 否則 | Cause and effect for | 由于 | because of = thanks to= due to = owing to | 由于 | for this reason | 為此 | on account of | 考慮到 | as a consequence | 結(jié)果 | for/as a consequence | 后果 |
therefore | 因此 | then | 然后;因此;那么 | accordingly | 從而 | because (of) | 由于 | for | 因?yàn)?/span> | thanks to | 由于 | hence | 因此 | as a result of | 結(jié)果 | consequently | 所以 | thus | 因而 | since | 自從 | owing to | 由于 | for the reason that | 因?yàn)?/span> |
in a word | 總之 | therefore | 因此 | sum up | 總之 | such as | 例如 | to begin with | 首先 | besides | 此外 | for one thing | 首先;一方面 | in conclusion | 總之;最后 | in short | 總之;簡(jiǎn)而言之 | as a case in point | 作為一個(gè)很好的例子 | first of all | 首先 | furthermore | 此外 | in addition | 此外 | for another | 另外 |
similarly | 同樣 | likewise | 同樣 | like | 像……一樣 | equally | 一樣 | compared | 相比… | in a like manner | 以類似的方式 | just as | 正如 | however | 可是 | in the same way | 以同樣的方式 | in the same manner | 以同樣的方式 | in comparison | 相比較 | in contrast | 與此相反 | in comparison | 相比較 | just like | 就像 | similar to | 類似 | the same as | 同…一樣 |
by contrast | 通過(guò)對(duì)比 | on the contrary | 反之 | while | 而 | whereas | 而 | unlike | 不像 | instead | 代替 | but | 但 | conversely | 反過(guò)來(lái) | different from | 不同的是 | however | 但 | in a sharp contrast | 鮮明對(duì)比的是 | in contrast | 相比較;相對(duì)于 | even though | 即使,即便如此 | on the other hand | 另外 | on the one hand | 一方面 | otherwise | 否則 | as opposed to | 相對(duì)于 | while | 而 | yet | 但 | by comparison | 通過(guò)比較 | similarly | 同樣 | nevertheless | 雖然 | still | 仍然 | in spite of | 盡管 |
for example | 例如 | for instance | 例如 | in other words | 換句話說(shuō) | in this case | 在這種情況下 | as an example | 作為一個(gè)例子 | take… for example | 例如 | say namely | 比如 | after all | 畢竟 | except (for) | 除了 | like… | 就比如…,正如…, | to illustrate as an illustration | 作為一個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)明 | by way of illustration | 以說(shuō)明的方式 | to illustrate | 說(shuō)明 | to name a few | 僅舉幾例 |
later | 后來(lái) | lately | 終于 | next | 接著 | then | 然后 | soon | 不久 | immediately | 立刻;隨即 | meanwhile | 與此同時(shí) | finally | 最后 | at last | 最后 | eventually | 終于 | since | 自從 | lately | 最近 | afterward | 之后 | temporarily | 暫時(shí) | earlier | 最初 | now | 現(xiàn)在 | first | 首先 | again | 又 | also | 也 | before | 以前 | besides | 除了 | formerly | 以前 | further | 進(jìn)一步 | furthermore | 此外 | last | 最后 | simultaneously | 同時(shí) | shortly | 不久 | still | 仍然 | subsequently | 隨后 | thereafter | 此后 | until | 直到 | recently | 最近 | after | 以后 | gradually | 慢慢的;逐漸 | till | 直到 | when | 當(dāng)……時(shí) | nowadays | 目前 | now presently | 目前 | during | 在……期間 | now and then | 偶爾 | in the meanwhile | 同時(shí) | in the meantime | 在此期間 | in the end | 到底 | in addition | 此外 | in the first place | 首先 | in the past | 在過(guò)去 | in a few days | 幾天之內(nèi) | after a while | 稍后 | after a few days | 幾天以后 | at that time | 當(dāng)時(shí) | as long as | 只要 | as soon as | 一……就 | at present | 目前 | at the same time | 同時(shí) | at length | 最后 | at first | 起初 | from now on | 今后 | from then on | 從那時(shí)起 | so far | 到目前為止 | for the time being | 暫時(shí);眼下 | when now | 當(dāng)下 | and then | 進(jìn)而 | to begin with/ to start with | 首先 | at that moment | 在那一刻 | suddenly = all of a sudden | 突然 | until now | 直到現(xiàn)在 | after that | 之后 | not…until | 不…直到 | while | 一會(huì)兒 |
first | 首先 | second | 其次 | then | 其次,然后 | finally | 最后 | last | 最終,最后 | next | 接著 | after | 以后 | afterwards | 之后 | earlier | 最初 | later | 后來(lái) | behind | 后面 | beside | 旁邊 | beyond | 外面 | above | 以上 | below | 以下 | to begin with | 首先 | first of all | 首先 | in the first place | 首先 | above all | 首先 | in the end | 到底 | at last | 最后 | first and most important | 首先且最重要的 | last but not the least | 最后但并非最不重要 | near(to) | 靠近 | far(from) | 遠(yuǎn)離 | in front of | 前面 | in the middle | 中間 | to the right (left) | 到右(左)邊 | on the other side | 另一面 | opposite | 反面 |
presumably | 想必 | probably | 大概 | perhaps | 也許 | therefore | 因此 | so | 所以 | as a result(of) | 作為結(jié)果 | accordingly | 因而 | otherwise | 否則 | maybe | 可能 |
in other words | 換句話說(shuō) | in fact | 其實(shí) | in simpler terms | 簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō) | in this case | 在這種情況下 | in addition | 此外 | in fact/ as a matter of fact / actually | 其實(shí), | another way | 另一種方式 | to tell you the truth | 實(shí)話告訴你 | as a matter off act | 事實(shí)上 | that is | 就是說(shuō) | for example | 例如 | for instance | 例如 | frankly speaking | 坦白的說(shuō) | now | 既然 | namely | 即,意即 | actually | 實(shí)際上 | to put it differently | 換句話說(shuō) | that is to say | 也就是說(shuō) |
admittedly | 誠(chéng)然 | whatever | 無(wú)論 | hence | 因此 | nevertheless | 然而 | as | 雖然 | though | 雖然 | although | 盡管 | despite | 盡管 | in spite of... | 盡管 | even though | 盡管 | even if | 即使 | even so | 即便如此 | granted | 就算如此 | naturally | 自然 | however | 無(wú)論如何 | still | 仍然 | provided | 假如 | or | 或者 | whenever | 無(wú)論何時(shí) | whoever | 無(wú)論誰(shuí) | wherever | 無(wú)論哪里 | whether | 不論;或者 | whichever | 無(wú)論哪一個(gè) | after all | 畢竟 | while it is true | 雖然這是事實(shí) | no matter how (who, what, which, where) | 無(wú)論多么(誰(shuí),什么,哪一個(gè),哪里) | all the same | 仍然 | of course | 當(dāng)然 |
accordingly | 因此 | therefore | 因此 | thus | 因此 | altogether to conclude | 完全可以說(shuō) | general | 一般 | specially | 特別 | finally | 終于 | namely | 也就是 | indeed | 的確 | in other words | 換句話說(shuō) | thus | 因此 | altogether | 總而言之 | all in all | 總之 | in consequence | 結(jié)果 | in sum | 總之 | consequently | 因此 | hence | 因此 | so | 因此 | the point is | 關(guān)鍵是 | obviously | 顯然 | of course | 當(dāng)然 | differently | 不同的是 | as a result | 結(jié)果 | as for me | 依我之見(jiàn) | to some extent | 在某種程度上 | on the whole | 大體上 | in conclusion | 總之 | in a word | 一句話 | in brief | 簡(jiǎn)言之 | in summary | 總之 | in general | 一般來(lái)說(shuō) | in short | 簡(jiǎn)而言之 | in other word | 也就是 | in my opinion | 在我看來(lái) | in a word | 總的來(lái)說(shuō) | in all | 總的來(lái)說(shuō) | in fact | 事實(shí)上 | in simpler terms | 簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō) | in my view | 在我看來(lái) | in particular | 特別是 | it is true | 事實(shí)上 | at last | 最后 | as I have shown | 正如我所表明的 | as has been stated generally speaking | 正如所說(shuō) | as has been said | 如上所述 | as far as I am concerned | 就我而言 | as what has been mentioned | 正如已經(jīng)提到的 | to sum up | 總之 | to summarize | 簡(jiǎn)而言之 | to conclude | 總而言之 | to put it differently | 換句話說(shuō) |
mostly | 通常 | occasionally | 偶爾 | currently | 一般 | naturally | 自然 | mainly | 主要 | exactly | 完全 | in this case | 在這種情況下 | frankly | 坦率地說(shuō) | commonly | 通常 | for this purpose | 為此 | to a large extent | 在很大程度上 | for most of us | 對(duì)于我們大多數(shù)人 | evidently | 顯然 | in many cases | 在許多情況下 |
every | 每一 | some | 一些 | after | 以后 | usually | 通常 | almost | 幾乎 | frequently | 經(jīng)常 | mainly | 主要 | finally | 最后 | rarely | 難得;很少;幾乎不 | before | 之前 | on the whole | 大體上 | at other times | 平時(shí) | in most cases | 在大多數(shù)情況下 | in general | 一般來(lái)說(shuō) | as a rule | 一般說(shuō)來(lái) | meanwhile | 與此同時(shí) | always | 總是 | often | 經(jīng)常 |
additionally | 此外 | as well as | 以及 | just as | 正如 | again | 再次 | along with | 連同 | also | 并且 | besides | 除此之外 | further | 進(jìn)一步 | furthermore | 此外 | in the same manner | 同樣地 | in the same way | 同樣地 | in addition to | 除…之外 |
also | 也 | so that | 為了;目的是 | and | 以及 | and then | 于是 | in addition | 除了 | another | 另一個(gè) | again | 再次 | on top of | 另外 | moreover | 此外 | first | 首先 | furthermore | 此外 | second | 其次 | too | 也 | third | 再次 |
lest | 唯恐 | for this reason | 為此 | furthermore | 此外 | for this purpose | 為了這個(gè)目的 | again | 再次 | so as to | 以便 | also | 也 | so that | 所以 | besides | 除了 | in order that | 為了 | similarly | 同樣 | in addition | 此外 | moreover | 此外 | what’s more | 不僅如此 | next | 接著 | finally | 最后 |
or, and, also, too | 也 | not only … but also… | 不但……而且 | as well as | 以及 | so…that | 太…以至于 | both… and… | 既……又 | either …or… | 或者…或者 | neither…nor… | 既不……也不 |
what is more | 而且;此外 | also | 還 | besides | 除了 | as well | 也;此外 | moreover | 此外 | furthermore | 此外 | in addition | 此外 |
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as (so) long as | 只要 | if | 假如 | unless | 除非 | eventually | 終于 | presently | 目前 | somewhat | 有點(diǎn);稍微 | as if | 仿佛 | by the way of | 通過(guò)這種方式 | on condition that | 如果 | on the condition | 只要 | or else | 要不然 | in the meantime | 與此同時(shí) | from then on | 從那時(shí)起 | after an interval | 一段時(shí)間后 | all of a sudden | 一下子 | on the contrary | 相反 |
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