首先,建議你不要使用融合型連接代/副詞這樣的術(shù)語(yǔ),而改用融合型關(guān)系代/副詞。 傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法把疑問詞引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句時(shí)稱為疑問代詞、疑問副詞。當(dāng)疑問詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),則改稱為連接代詞、連接副詞。例如: What are you doing? what為疑問代詞。 I don't know what he is doing. what為連接代詞。此時(shí)what仍然是疑問詞。 但What還能引導(dǎo)以下二種名詞性從句: What he gave me is a book. 名詞性關(guān)系分句 You can't believe what a clever boy he is. 名詞性感嘆分句 如果還是把這二個(gè)名詞性從句的what稱為連接代詞的話,就無法區(qū)分引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的what究竟有沒有疑問或感嘆含義。所以,連接代詞這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)是不利于學(xué)習(xí)者的。 What he gave me is a book.這個(gè)句子中,what并沒有疑問含義,what=the thing which, 即what一個(gè)詞本身就包含了先行詞和引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞which/that, 所以what被稱為融合型關(guān)系代詞(fused relative pronoun)。這種what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句就被稱為名詞性關(guān)系分句,即其本質(zhì)上是一個(gè)名詞詞組,該名詞詞組被限制性關(guān)系從句所修飾。 為什么要強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞性關(guān)系分句本質(zhì)上是個(gè)詞組而不是分句呢?因?yàn)檫@種名詞性關(guān)系分句和其他名詞性分句的句法功能有所不同。這里只說二點(diǎn): 1 名詞性關(guān)系分句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),可以直接將操作詞移至分句前,構(gòu)成一般疑問句: What he gave me is book. —— Is what he gave you a book? 而名詞性疑問分句或感嘆分句作主語(yǔ),改為一般疑問句時(shí),必須借助形式主語(yǔ)it,而將疑問分句或感嘆分句外置: What made him mad is clear. —— Is it clear what made him mad? What a great job he has done is incredible. —— Is it incredible what a great job he has done. 2 名詞性關(guān)系分句就像名詞詞組一樣,不能采用外置結(jié)構(gòu),而其他名詞性從句則不受此限制。 What he said surprised me. —— It surprised me what he said. (X) What made him mad is clear.—— It is clear what made him mad. What a great job he has done is incredible.—— It is incredible what a great job he has done. where引導(dǎo)名詞性分句,也有名詞性疑問分句和名詞性關(guān)系分句之區(qū)分。 I don't know where he bought that book. 疑問副詞where引導(dǎo)名詞性疑問分句。 This is where the accident happened. 融合型關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)名詞性關(guān)系分句。 關(guān)于融合型關(guān)系代詞和融合型關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)名詞性關(guān)系分句,網(wǎng)友可以參讀章振邦《現(xiàn)代高級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法》第492頁(yè),名詞性關(guān)系分句。 有語(yǔ)法問題應(yīng)該閱讀語(yǔ)法書,網(wǎng)上查詢不是學(xué)習(xí)的好辦法,沒有系統(tǒng),支離破碎,說法不一。 |
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