python2.x捕獲異常語法：

try:
    ...some functions...
except Exception, e:
    print(e)

python3.x捕獲異常語法：

try:
    ...some functions...
except Exception as e:
    print(e)

注意這里 Exception, e 變成了 Exception as e

python常見的異常類型

1. NameError：嘗試訪問一個(gè)未申明的變量

>>> v
NameError: name 'v' is not defined

2. ZeroDivisionError：除數(shù)為0

>>> v = 1/0
ZeroDivisionError: int division or modulo by zero

3. SyntaxError：語法錯(cuò)誤

int int
SyntaxError: invalid syntax (<pyshell#14>, line 1)

4. IndexError：索引超出范圍

List = [2]
>>> List[3]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#18>", line 1, in <module>
    List[3]
IndexError: list index out of range

5. KeyError：字典關(guān)鍵字不存在

Dic = {'1':'yes', '2':'no'}
>>> Dic['3']
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#20>", line 1, in <module>
    Dic['3']
KeyError: '3'

6. IOError：輸入輸出錯(cuò)誤

>>> f = open('abc')
IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'abc'

7. AttributeError：訪問未知對(duì)象屬性

>>> class Worker:
 def Work():
  print("I am working")

>>> w = Worker()
>>> w.a
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#51>", line 1, in <module>
    w.a
AttributeError: 'Worker' object has no attribute 'a'

8.ValueError：數(shù)值錯(cuò)誤

>>> int('d')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#54>", line 1, in <module>
    int('d')
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'd'

9. TypeError：類型錯(cuò)誤

>>> iStr = '22'
>>> iVal = 22
>>> obj = iStr + iVal;
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#68>", line 1, in <module>
    obj = iStr + iVal;
TypeError: Can't convert 'int' object to str implicitly

10. AssertionError：斷言錯(cuò)誤

>>> assert 1 != 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#70>", line 1, in <module>
    assert 1 != 1
AssertionError

11.MemoryError:內(nèi)存耗盡異常

12. NotImplementedError：方法沒實(shí)現(xiàn)引起的異常

class Base(object):
    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def action(self):
        #拋出異常，說明該接口方法未實(shí)現(xiàn)
        raise NotImplementedError

13. LookupError：鍵、值不存在引發(fā)的異常

LookupError異常是IndexError、KeyError的基類， 如果你不確定數(shù)據(jù)類型是字典還是列表時(shí)，可以用LookupError捕獲此異常

14. StandardError 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)異常

除StopIteration, GeneratorExit, KeyboardInterrupt 和SystemExit外，其他異常都是StandarError的子類。

錯(cuò)誤檢測與異常處理區(qū)別在于：錯(cuò)誤檢測是在正常的程序流中，處理不可預(yù)見問題的代碼，例如一個(gè)調(diào)用操作未能成功結(jié)束。