進入九月份以來，留學(xué)申請又到了最最最火熱的申請季。要知道，在商科的學(xué)習(xí)中，相關(guān)Framework的應(yīng)用也是十分重要的。下文為大家引入留學(xué)文書寫作的一個重要原則：STAR。

　　什么是STAR原則?

　　STAR分別代表的是

　　S—Situation：事情是在什么情況下發(fā)生;

　　T—Task：你是如何明確你的任務(wù)的;

　　A—Action：針對這樣的情況分析，你采用了什么行動方式;

　　R—Result：結(jié)果怎樣，在這樣的情況下你學(xué)習(xí)到了什么。

　　面試者通過這四個方面來闡述自己的經(jīng)歷以及對事件的看法來回答面試官的問題，面試官也可以通過STAR的原則來評判面試者的能力。這一原則后來被應(yīng)用到文書中的個人經(jīng)歷闡述中，并且逐漸變成一種主流原則。

　　STAR怎么應(yīng)用?

　　通常留學(xué)文書寫作的題目都是圍繞著你自身經(jīng)歷來寫的，因此文書的問題

　　大致都是：請講出一件最近處理過的挑戰(zhàn)或工作困難這一類型。

　　Situation:最簡單了，4W(時間，地點，人物，事件。When，Where，Who，What)不要包括跟4W無關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)。

　　Task：Task要講的盡量具體，以彰顯項目的復(fù)雜性，緊急性，嚴(yán)重性，從而烘托你有多厲害。但也不要廢話，每一句話都要有用。

　　Action：Action要講的是你對于情況是怎么分析的，以及是如何執(zhí)行的。重點突出整個流程的連貫性以及你的行動對整段經(jīng)歷的貢獻。

　　Result：這個部分大家經(jīng)常忽略，CV里沒有寫科研的結(jié)果，PS里沒有寫收獲。Result必須是通過不斷的努力和科學(xué)合理的方式手段，成功的解決了這個問題，大家都很滿意。而且，Result不光包括事件本身的結(jié)果，例如比賽獲獎，實習(xí)結(jié)束拿到Return offer。

　　更重要的，你的感想，學(xué)習(xí)，這件事對你的影響。這最后的感想升華，才是畫龍點睛，提升Essay水平的關(guān)鍵。

　　案例分析

　　STAR原則大致上就是這樣的，為了更好地理解，我們接下來就從哈佛大學(xué)范文摘取一段為大家分析STAR的應(yīng)用。

　　Essay寫作范文：

　　When I broke the news to my volunteer team,we were in a church basement,cleaning up after the final event of the summer.I tried to downplay it.I nudged Ms.Diana,the neighborhood leader,in the shoulder,and said,"Guess what I'll be doing next Wednesday—having lunch with the president."Her face blazed with a kilowatt smile.Before I could slow her down,she shouted,"Christopher's meeting President Obama next week."

　　Eldred dropped his broom,Ms.Sheila left the cups scattered>—total calls,knocks,voters registered,and events—in the country.

　　I felt guilty that only I could go and told them so."I wish that I could bring you all with me.You made nearly all of the calls,brought your friends and family along,and made this what it is.I've just been here to facilitate."The others good-naturedly shouted me down.Then Ms.Melva spoke up.Her words were pressed out against the heaving of her respirator."Christopher,don't feel bad.You'll bring us wherever you go in your pocket.Just pull us out when you meet Barack."

　　For a long time,I was perplexed by her advice.Then I thought back to the exercise that we employed before any volunteer activity.We sat in a circle and gave our reasons for being in the room,willing to work with the campaign.That way,when it came time to make our"hard ask"on the phones,we would be supported by personal conviction and shared purpose.The"hard ask"is the Obama campaign's tactic for garnering support or a commitment to volunteer,moving from values to idealism to specific action.

　　In my work on the campaign,I am reminded of my cross-country coach,Rob.Before every single race,from petty league meets to national championships,Rob taps the spot on his thigh where a pocket would be.We look at our teammates who are lining up with us and tap the same spot.Coach Rob is reminding us,and we're reminding each other,that we carry"the bastard"in our pockets with us throughout the race.

　　I want an education that fills my pockets.And,perhaps more importantly,an education that prompts hard asks,that demands us to use the"The bastard in your pocket"is a metaphor for the sum of our efforts to succeed as runners."The bastard"exists as a sort of Platonic ideal form of the high school cross-country runner,melded from accrued mileage and mental conditioning.My goal in a race is to take this ideal form and to transform it into a reality that lives on the course.

　　I want an education that fills my pockets.And,perhaps more importantly,an education that prompts hard asks,that demands us to use"the bastard"and that uses the compounded experiences of a group for a single purpose.

　　總結(jié)分析

　　整篇文章圍繞著Christopher在暑假里與總統(tǒng)會晤的事件經(jīng)歷，文章以倒敘的形式撰寫。根據(jù)STAR原則，小編根據(jù)此文來為大家分析一下：

　　S——第一段中，根據(jù)4W原則，作者點明了這個經(jīng)歷是發(fā)生在他暑假時。事件是代表他的整個團隊與總統(tǒng)會面。基本為接下來的經(jīng)歷做了一個鋪墊以及介紹了整段經(jīng)歷的一個基本情況。

　　T——在第三段中，作者詳細(xì)描述了他的任務(wù)就是代表團隊與總統(tǒng)會面，作者并沒將大幅的篇章花費在與總統(tǒng)的會面上，因為他希望突出他的團隊，所以把重點都放在他的團隊是如何將這個任務(wù)委任給他的。

　　A——在第四段中，作者是通過回憶整個團隊是如何努力合作的，這個流程并沒有十分地突顯個人功勞，都是以團隊的形式在敘事。

　　R——在最后兩段中，作者都注重分析了它在整個過程中的收獲，他的一些感想以及他希望通過未來的學(xué)習(xí)獲得什么內(nèi)容。

　　總結(jié)一下，STAR原則運用在文書上也是十分成功的，但是要成就一篇好的文書，個性化的文書并不是容易的事，需要十分專業(yè)的英語知識以及相關(guān)文書寫作的經(jīng)驗。